IKHWANU-S SAFA. 



^}(^Jr^KK>^^^ 



o 



0~&, v 



• I 



IKHWANU-S SAFA; 



BROTHERS OF PURITY. 



TRANSLATED FROM THE HINDUSTANI. 



PROFESSOR JOHN DOWSON, M.R.A.S., 

STAFF COLLEGE, SANDHURST. 




LONDON: 
TRUBNER & CO., 60 PATERNOSTER ROW. 






edinburgh i 

printed by ballantyne and company, 

paul's work. 



//¥(> 



TRANSLATORS PREFACE. 



/33 



r I "HIS translation has been made to supply a want which 
has often been represented to me, " The Ikhwanu-s 
Safa" is a standard Hindustani work, which is used as a text- 
book both in India and England. Those who have to pre- 
pare themselves for examination in it, are often placed in 
situations where no competent instruction can be obtained. 
A translation, therefore, at once accurate and exact, with 
which the student may compare and correct his own work, will 
doubtless prove a great help and advantage to him. Such 
being the object of this translation, a close adherence to the 
has been throughout maintained, as strict as the necessity 
making the English clear and intelligible would allow, 
version, therefore, is not so smooth as it might have 
n made, but it will give to the English reader a clear 
idea of the style and manner of the original. 

When I commenced this work I was not aware that any 
previous translation existed ; but there are at least three 
different versions. One, attributed to Mr James Atkinson, 
the translator of parts of the " Shah-nama," was published 
in an India newspaper, and reprinted in vol. xxviii. of the 
Asiatic Journal for 1829. This translation is accurate and 
spirited, but it is imperfect, and for all practical purposes it 



vi Translator's Preface. 

may be considered buried. I had nearly completed the 
work when a translation by Mr T. P. Manuel came to my 
notice. That version was published at Calcutta in i860, and 
is not very generally known. It gives a very fair idea of the 
work, but the translation is not sufficiently close to answer 
the purpose for which this work is intended. I am told there 
is another translation, published in India, by a Muhamma- 
dan gentleman, but I have not met with it. 

The original Arabic work has been translated into Ger- 
man by Professor Dieterici of Berlin. Our Hindustani 
translator, in his Preface, tells us something of the great 
work from which it is derived. It is a kind of Encyclo- 
paedia of considerable extent. Notices of the work have 
been published by Professor Flligel in vol. xiii., and by 
Professor Dieterici in vols. xv. and xviii. of the Zeitschrift 
des Deutschen Morgenlandische Gesellschaft 

The present translation has been made from the excellent 
edition of the Text published by Drs Forbes and Rieu, and 
the chapters and paragraphs follow the arrangement there 
observed. 

The style of the Hindustani translation is considered very 
pure and elegant, and the language is generally clear and 
perspicuous, but it contains a very large proportion of Arabic 
words. The nature of the subject rendered the introduction 
of many Arabic scientific terms a matter of necessity, but 
still these foreign words are often employed when pure verna- 
cular words might have been used with advantage. This, 
however, is the general fault of these translations. 



CONTENTS, 



PREFACE, ..... 

I. CREATION OF MAN— HIS CONTENTION WITH THE 
ANIMALS, AND THEIR APPEAL TO THE KING 
OF THE JINS, .... 

II. PROCEEDINGS OF THE KING OF THE JINS, . 
III. ON THE VARIETIES OF FORMS AND FIGURES, 
IV. COMPLAINTS OF THE ANIMALS, 
V. ACCOUNT OF THE HORSE, 

VI. CONSULTATION OF THE KING WITH HIS MINISTER 
VII. DISSENSIONS BETWEEN THE MEN AND JINS, 
VIII. CONSULTATION OF THE MEN, 
IX. CONSULTATION OF THE ANIMALS, 

X. THE FIRST MESSENGER, 
XI. DELINEATION OF A MESSENGER, 
XII. THE SECOND MESSENGER, 

XIII. THE THIRD MESSENGER, 

XIV. THE FOURTH MESSENGER, . 
XV. THE FIFTH MESSENGER, 



PAGE 
I 



5 

13 
15 

20 
26 

31 

36 
44 

48 

5o 

54 
60 

67 
70 

74 



Vlll 



Contents. 



XVI. THE SIXTH MESSENGER, 
XVII. THE LOCUST'S SPEECH, 
XVIII. PLEADINGS BEFORE THE COURT, 
XIX. ACCOUNT OF THE LION, 
XX. ACCOUNT OF THE DRAGON AND SEA-SERPENT, 
XXL THE CHIEF OF THE FLIES, . 
XXII. PLEADINGS BEFORE THE COURT, 

XXIII. DISPUTATION BETWEEN MAN AND THE PARROT, 

XXIV. THE WHITE ANT, .... 
XXV. THE WORLD OF SPIRITS — DECISION, 



79 
81 



IOO 

1 06 
109 

127 

143 
153 



ORIGINAL PREFACE. 



IN THE NAME OF GOD, THE MOST MERCIFUL. 

TNFINITE praise is due to the Self-existent, who, not- 
withstanding the identity of matter, bestowed various 
figures on all possible bodies, and, having distributed the 
human race in genera and species, gave to each one distinct 
powers. Thanks without bounds are owing to that Creator, 
who brought the human species from the secret store-house 
of nonentity into the expanse of existence, and gave to it the 
distinction of superiority over all creatures. Having adorned 
the race of man with the jewel of speech, He clothed it with 
the garment of knowledge. What ability does poor feeble 
man possess to express his gratitude for these blessings, and 
what power is there in the broken pen to discharge this 
obligation in writing ? 

COUPLETS. 

Ah ! how shall we perform His praise when the tongues 
of the prophets have proved deficient ? Here all men who 
appreciate the banquet of His genius exclaim only — " Who 
can know Thee ?" Where has this poor mortal obtained the 



2 Original Preface. 

intelligence to approach Thee as he ought ? Still man has 
sufficient power to surround Him with praise. 

Blessings unbounded are due to the Chief of Messengers, 
the Seal of the Prophets, Muhammad the Pure, who having 
brought sinners out from the valley of perdition, has led them 
to a place of rest in the road of salvation. Through this we 
have received the distinction over all nations, in accordance 
with the gracious text, " Ye are the best people." 1 

Muhammad is the chief of the universe. Muhammad 

is the guide of man and of life. 
He it is who makes intercession for sinners. He is our 
defender in the day of judgment, 
-blessings and peace be on his posterity and on his com- 
panions, through whom the religion of Islam obtained 
strength, and by whom the road of salvation has been shown 
to us. 

After this (exordium), that most humble of individuals, 
Ikram 'All, represents that, in obedience to the kind sugges- 
tion of that renowned gentleman, of high dignity and great 
authority, excelling all the doctors of the time in learning, 
and in wisdom surpassing the intelligence of the eleven 
(imams), Mr Abraham Lockett (may his prosperity con- 
tinue !) — and upon the invitation of his brother and teacher, 
Mawlawi Turab 'All (may his shadow endure !) — he, Ikram 
'All, came to Calcutta, and under the guidance of fortune, 
after receiving much consideration, he was so highly favoured 
and patronised that the aforenamed gentleman (Mr Lockett), 
in the kindness natural to him, caused the writer to be ap- 
1 Kuran, Surat iii. v. 106. 



Original Preface. 3 

pointed on the establishment of the Company Bahadur in a 
position subordinate to himself. 

After a short time, upon the recommendation of that dis- 
tinguished gentleman, the cream of the learned of the age, 
and the chief of the most accomplished scholars, the Pro- 
fessor of Hindi, Captain John William Taylor, (may his for- 
tune endure !) the writer Ikram 'All, was directed to translate 
into the Urdu language the work called " Ikhwanu-s Safa," 
which is (a work) upon the contentions between mankind 
and the beasts ; but his instructions were to make the trans- 
lation very easy, so that no abstruse words might appear 
therein ; and as the scientific phrases and speeches of the 
original text are not free from difficulty, he was directed to 
run his pen through such passages, and to reproduce only the 
gist of the dispute. In compliance with this instruction, the 
writer has written in the Urdu idiom merely the pith of the 
matter. He has expunged some speeches, and he has 
omitted several scientific technicalities, which were not ger- 
mane to the point in dispute ; but some speeches, and some 
mathematical and other technicalities, which bear upon the 
subject under discussion, have been retained. 

But, in fact, if the style and polish of this composition are 
duly considered, every speech is a mine of eloquence, and 
every passage a store of brilliant expression. Ordinary 
people attending only to the surface of the work, learn only 
about the subject in dispute ; but learned men, who look 
into particulars, experience pleasure in discovering from the 
exact meaning of the phrases, little points and facts relating 
to God. 



4 Original Preface. 

The authors of this work were Abu Salman, Abu-1 Hasan, 
Abu Ahmad, and others — ten men, who dwelt in communion 
at Basra, and spent all their days in the investigation of 
scientific and religious matters. They wrote fifty-one works, 
chiefly upon the marvellous and occult sciences, and this 
book, treating of the contention between men and the beasts, 
is one of them. The arguments, rational and descriptive, 1 are 
well stated. In the end, after much discussion, the men pre- 
vail. The aim of the work is simply to show from this con- 
tention the (superior) perfections of man ; and so at the end of 
the work it is stated that those points in which men pre- 
vailed over the animals were in those theological sciences 
and dogmas which the writers have treated of in their fifty- 
one works. In this book the object was to set forth the 
various truths and dogmas by the mouths of animals, so that 
heedless people, by seeing this, might have a desire to attain 
to those perfections. 

This translation was made in the year 1825 Hijri, or 18 10 
A.D., in the time of the government of that noblest of digni- 
fied nobles, the cream of powerful princes, the Hatim of the 
age and the Plato of the time, chief of chiefs and hero of 
heroes, Nawab Governor- General Lord Minto, Bahadur. 
May his prosperity endure ! 

1 'Akll — intellectual or rational ; nakli, descriptive or illustrative, 
historical or traditional. 



CHAPTER I. 

On the beginning of the Creation of the Human Race 1 — On 
their contention with the Animals — On their seeking justice 
in the presence of the wise King Biwarasb, a7id on that 
Sages summoning the Men before him. 

WRITERS have thus recorded the circumstances of the 
first appearance of the human race : — So long as 
men were few in number, through fear of the animals they 
used to run away and hide themselves in caves ; and from 
fear and dread of wild beasts they used to take refuge in the 
hills and mountains. There was not even so much feeling 
of security as that three or four men could join together, 
carry on agriculture, and take their food. What mention 
can there be, then, of their weaving clothes and covering 
their bodies ? In fine, they used to eat whatever fruits and 
vegetables of the jungle they could obtain, and used to cover 
their bodies with leaves of the trees. In the cold weather 
they dwelt in warm places, and during the heats they used 
to choose a dwelling in cool districts. 

When in that condition a short period had passed, and their 



'i 



1 Sons of Adam. 



6 Oppression of the A nimals. 

offspring had multiplied, the anxiety about animals and wild 
beasts, 1 which had filled the heart of every one, entirely dis- 
appeared. Afterwards they founded many forts and cities, 
villages and towns, and began to dwell therein in comfort. 
They prepared the implements for carrying on agriculture ; 
and every man engaged in his own occupation. Catching 
animals in snares, they took to using them for riding and 
bearing burdens, for agriculture and cultivation. The ele- 
phants and horses, camels and asses, and the numerous ani- 
mals which were always roaming about the woods and wilds 
like unbridled camels, 2 and wherever their hearts desired 
were picking the fine green herbage as they found it, without 
any one to interfere with them, now had their shoulders 
galled with their labours by night and by day : holes were 
formed in their backs, and although they screamed and cried 
greatly, still, when did these lords of men ever give ear to 
them ? Many beasts, through fear of capture, fled into re- 
mote deserts and forests. The birds, also, having forsaken 
their roosting-places, took their young ones with them, and 
flew away from the country of the men. Every man had the 
fancy that the animals were their slaves, and with what 
frauds and wiles did they make snares and nets and pursue 
them ! 

In this state of conflict a long time passed, until God 
Almighty sent Muhammad Mustafa, the last of the Prophets, 
(the peace of God and rest be upon him !) for the guidance of 
mankind. The true Prophet made known to all sinners the 
way of righteousness. Many Jins also obtained the bless- 
ing of the true faith and the honour of Islam. When after 
this also an age had passed, Biwara'sb, the sage of the Jins, 

1 Dam o dad — harmless and rapacious beasts. 

2 Shutur i bemahdr — a camel without the piece of wood in the nose 
by which he is guided and controlled. The phrase is used in the sense 
of " independent, refractory, uncontrolled." 



The King of the Jins, J 

whose cognomen was " Brave King," became the monarch of 
the Jins. He was so just that in his reign the tiger and the 
goat used to drink water at one ghat^ — what possibility could 
there be then of any thag, thief, swindler, or rogue getting to 
dwell in his dominions ? The island called Balasaghun, 
which is situated near the equator, was the royal residence 1 
of that just king. 

It happened that a ship carrying men, being in distress 
through contrary winds, touched the shore of that island. All 
the merchants and learned men that were in the ship landed 
and began to explore the country. They perceived that it 
was a place of wondrous beauty ; flowers and fruits of all kinds 
were hanging on the trees ; streams were flowing on every 
side ; the animals grazing and browsing on the verdant herb- 
age were fat and sleek, and were gamboling together. The 
climate of that place was exceedingly fine, and the land 
abundantly fertile ; so no one desired in his heart to depart 
from thence. In fine, having built habitations of various 
kinds, they began to dwell in that island, and catching the 
animals in snares, according to their custom, they engaged 
in their respective employments. 

When the animals perceived that there was no safety for 
them even there, they took the road to the desert. The men 
still had the same idea that all these were their slaves, and 
so, making snares of various sorts and kinds, according to their 
old course, they were intent upon capturing them, When 
this vain assumption of theirs became known to the animals, 
they assembled their chiefs, attended in the Hall of Justice, 
and related in detail before King Biwarasb all the story of 
the oppression which they had suffered at the hands of 
man. When the King had heard all the details of the ani- 
mals, he instantly issued a command, saying, " Good ! let 
messengers be sent quickly, and let them bring the men 
1 Takht-gdh — " throne place," capital. 



8 Appeal to the King. 

into my presence." Accordingly, seventy of them, inhabit- 
ants of different cities, exceedingly eloquent and fluent, 
attended instantly upon the summons of the King. A very 
fine house was assigned for them to stay in. After two or 
three days, when the fatigue of the journey had passed away, 
he had them called before him. When they beheld the King 
upon his throne, they offered their benedictions, and making 
their bows and obeisances, they took their places in their 
respective ranks. 

This King was exceedingly just and righteous, in liberality 
and generosity he bore the pre-eminence over all his equals 
and compeers. The poor and needy of the time coming to 
him obtained nourishment. In no part of his dominions was 
any overbearing tyrant able to practise tyranny upon any 
poor underling. Those things which are forbidden in the 
Law were entirely unknown 1 in his reign. Nothing was ever 
dear to his heart except the (giving of) pleasure and satisfac- 
tion to God. He with great politeness questioned the men, 
saying, " Why have you come into my kingdom ? there has 
never been any correspondence between you and me ; what 
cause has there been then that you have come thus far ? " 

One person among them who was experienced 2 and elo- 
quent, performing his obeisance, began to speak, saying, 
" We, having heard of the justice and equity of the King, are 
come into his presence. Up to this day no seeker of justice 
has ever turned away disappointed from this seat of pro- 
sperity. Our hope is, that the King will come to our redress." 
He said, "What is your desire?" He humbly said, "O 
just King ! these animals are our slaves ; of them some are 
recalcitrant, and others, although they are perforce submis- 
sive, still they are averse to our authority." The King 
inquired, " Is there any proof of this claim ? for a claim 
without evidence is not listened to in a court of justice." 

i Lit. — " rose up, went away." 2 " Seen the world." 



Plea of the Men. g 

He said, " O King, upon this claim there are many reason- 
able and traditional proofs." He said, " State them." A 
person among them, who was of the race of Hazrat 'Abbas, 
(may the approval of God be upon him !) then mounted the 
rostrum, and began to speak this oration with eloquence 
and fluency : — 

"Praise is due to that true Creator, who for the sustenance 
of the world has prepared so much and has made so many 
things upon the face 1 of the earth ; and for the sake of frail 2 
man has created such various animals. Happy is the state 
of them who, giving satisfaction to him, are pursuing the road 
to futurity. What shall be said of those people who, showing 
disobedience, have unrighteously turned away from him? 
And blessings without limit are due to the True Prophet, 
Muhammad the Chosen, whom God Almighty- sent after all 
the (other) prophets for the sake of the guidance of man, and 
whom he made chief of all. He alone is king of ail Jins and 
men, and the support and refuge of every one in the Day of 
Judgment. Benedictions and peace be upon his holy 3 off- 
spring, by whose means religion and the world were regu- 
lated, and through whom the Muhammadan faith was 
spread. 4 

" In fine, thanks are at all times due to that incomparable 
Creator who made Adam from a single drop of water, and 
by His omnipotence made him the father of children, and 
having formed Eve from him, peopled the face of the earth 
with thousands of human beings, and gave man rank above 
all created things. He made him ruler over all the land and 
sea, and fed him with all kinds of pure food. Accordingly 
He himself has said in the Kuran (Arabic, the meaning of 
which is) ' All animals have been created* for you, take your 

1 ''Arsa — area, plain, expanse. 

2 ZaHfu-l bunydn — weak in constitution. 

3 Pdk —pure, holy. 4 Riwdj pdya — obtained currency. 



I o Reply of the Mule. 

advantage from them, eat them, and make warm clothing 
from their skins and hair ; in the morning send them to the 
pasturage, and in the evening bring them back again to their 
houses, for you they are a beauty and ornament.' 1 And in 
one place he has thus said (Arabic) — ' On the dry land and 
on the sea ride upon camels and in ships/ 2 And in another 
place he has said thus (Arabic) — ' Horses, mules, and asses 
were created that you might ride on them ; ' 3 and again he 
has said, (Arabic) — ' Ride upon their backs, and remember 
the bounties of God.' 4 Besides this, many other verses of 
the Kuran have been revealed upon this subject, and it is to 
be understood also from the Bible and the Testament that 
animals were made for our sakes. In every way we are their 
masters, they are our slaves." 

The King then turned towards the animals and said — "This 
man has brought forward verses of the Kuran about his 
claim : in reply to this, speak whatever comes into your 
minds." Having heard this, the mule, with a ready tongue, 
delivered this speech : 

" Praise is due to the majesty of that One, holy, ancient of 
days, and free from wants, who existed before the foundation 
of the world, not (confined) to time nor to place. By the 
utterance of a single i BE ' He made manifest all creatures 
from (behind) the veil of obscurity. 5 Having fashioned the 
sky from water and fire, He gave to it the dignity of loftiness. 
Having brought forth the race of Adam from a drop of water, 
He sent them hither and thither in the world, that they 
might engage in its cultivation, but not to ruin it. Protecting 
the animals in a befitting manner, they were to benefit by 
them, not to tyrannise over them and oppress them." 

After this he proceeded to say — " It is not tb be understood 

1 Kuran, Surat xvi. v. 5, 6. 2 Kuran, Surat xxiii. v. 22. 

3 Kuran, Surat xvi. v. 8. 4 Kuran, Surat xliii. v. 12. 

5 Chaos. 



Reply of the Mule, 1 1 

from the verses which this man has cited that we are their 
slaves and they our masters, for mention is made in those 
verses of those blessings which God Almighty has bestowed 
upon them, and this verse of the Kuran is conclusive upon 
the point, (Arabic,) i.e. — ' God Almighty has made all the 
animals subject to you — just as He has made subject the sun 
and moon, the air and the clouds.' From this it is not to be 
understood that they are our masters, we their slaves ; but 
rather, that God Almighty having created all things in the 
earth and in the sky, made one thing subject to another, so 
that they might all together derive benefit and keep off evil 
from each other. Consequently God Almighty made us sub- 
ject to them simply for this purpose, that benefit might accrue 
to them, and detriment be averted — but not as they have 
supposed, and with fraud and calumny contend, stating, ' We 
are the masters, they are our slaves/ 

" Before these men were created, we and our parents were 
dwelling upon the face of the earth without obstruction — we 
grazed in every direction, wandering wherever our hearts 
desired ; and each of us was engaged in search of his means 
of subsistence. In fine, we consorted together among the 
hills, woods, and mountains, and nourished our young ones. 
Thankful for whatever God had ordained, we spent our nights 
and days in His praise — we knew no other than Him ; dwelling 
in our homes in comfort, there was no one to interfere with 
us. 

"When, after this, an age had passed, God Almighty formed 
Adam from clay, and made him ruler over the whole face of 
the earth. As men became numerous, they took to roaming 
about in the woods and deserts. Then, too, they stretched 
out over us poor creatures the hand of oppression. Having 
caught horses, asses, mules, bulls, and camels, they began to 
exact service from them ; and by force and tyranny they 
brought to pass (all) those evils which had never come to 



1 2 Reply of the M tile. 

the knowledge of our fathers and grandfathers. What could 
we do ? Being helpless, we fled to the woods and deserts. 
Even then these persons in no way gave up the pursuit. 
With what various stratagems did they pursue us with their 
snares and nets ! If three or four animals, fatigued and weary, 
anywhere fell into their hands, do not inquire as to their 
treatment, for, bound and fettered, they were carried off, and 
what various ills were inflicted upon them ! Besides this, it 
is their practice to slaughter (the animals), to flay them, to 
break their bones, tear out their sinews, rip up their bellies, 
pluck out their feathers, fix them on spits, cook them, 1 and 
having roasted them, to eat them. And with all this even 
they are not satisfied, for they make this assertion — ' We are 
the masters, they are the slaves.' Whoever fled from them 
was (deemed) a culprit. There is neither proof nor argument 
in (support of) this claim. On the contrary, it is sheer tyranny 
and oppression." 

1 Lit. "burn them with fire." 



CHAPTER II. 

Describing the pains taken by the Ki)ig of the Jins for the 
settlement of the dispute between the Men and the Animals. 

WHEN the King had heard this account of the animals, 
he became intent in his heart upon the settlement of 
the dispute, and gave orders that the judges and lawyers, and 
all the grandees and nobles of the Jins, should attend. Imme- 
diately, in accordance with the order, they all attended the 
royal court. Then he said to the men — " The animals have 
fully set forth their account and complaint of your tyranny — 
what answer have you now to give to it ? " A person from 
among them made his obeisance, and thus began to make 
his statement — " O Asylum of the world ! These all are our 
slaves, and we are their masters. It is proper for us to exer- 
cise lordly authority over them, and to exact from them 
whatever service we may require. Whoever among them 
has consented to obey us is accepted by God, and whoever 
has turned away from our authority, has, as it were, turned 
away from God." 

The King said, "A claim without evidence is not listened to 
in a court of justice — mention some title-deed or proof." He 
said, "Our claim is established by many rational and traditional 
proofs. He said — " What are these proofs ? " Then he pro- 
ceeded to say — "With what perfection 1 has God Almighty 
formed our persons, and made every member (thereof) in 
1 Lit. "purity." 



1 4 Rejoinder of the A nimals. 

exact conformity to what was needed — a graceful form, an 
upright stature — sense and wisdom, by means of which we 
can distinguish between good and bad, and by which even 
we learn and declare the facts of the skies. Who besides 
us possesses these excellent gifts? From this it is proved 
that we are the masters, they the slaves." 

The King asked the animals, saying, " What have you now 
to say to this ?" They humbly represented that the claim was 
not established by this evidence. He said — " Do you not 
know that propriety of deportment is a property of kings, 
and that ugliness and a crouching carriage are the marks of 
slaves?" Then one of them replied — " May God Almighty 
grant unto the King His divine favour, and preserve him from 
the dangers of the world. 1 My statement is, that the Creator 
did not make men after this form and fashion with the intent 
that they should call themselves our masters ; neither did 
He create us after this shape, and with this carriage, that we 
should be their slaves. He is wise ; no work of His is devoid 
of wisdom ; He bestowed upon every one that form which 
He deemed suitable." 

1 "Frowns of fortune." 



T 



CHAPTER III. 
In description of the varieties of Forms and Statures. 
HE account of it is this : When God Alnwhtv created 



x men. they were stark naked — there was nothing on 
their bodies through which they might live in security from 
the cold and heat. They used to eat the fruits of the forest, 
and cover their bodies with leaves of the trees. Consequently 
He made their stature upright and tall, so that they might 
gather the fruits and leaves of the trees, and eat them at their 
ease, and take possession of them. Our food is grass ; con- 
sequently He made our stature bowed, that we might graze 
at ease, and feel no kind of inconvenience." 

The King answered — " God Almighty says, 'We have made 
man exceedingly graceful.' 1 What reply do you give to 
this ?'' He humbly said — " Asylum of the world ! In addi- 
tion to the manifest meanings of the Divine Word, there are 
numerous interpretations which are known only to men of 
science. The explanation of this must be sought from the 
learned." Accordingly a wise doctor, in obedience to the 
King's command, set forth the meaning of this verse as 
follows : — " When God Almighty created Adam, it was a 
happy hour and an auspicious moment — the stars were 
shining in their respective glorious constellations, and the 
matter of the elements was ready and prepared for the pro- 
duction of agreeable forms. Consequently man's person was 
1 Kuran, Sural xciii. v. 4. 



1 6 Pleadings. 

made fair, his stature erect, his hands and feet excellent, and 
(all) of the most perfect elegance/' Yet one more significa- 
tion is apparent in this verse, (Arabic) — " God Almighty 
created man in the happy medium 1 — He did not make him 
very tall nor very short." 2 

The King said this amount of symmetry and suitability of 
the members suffices (to establish) pre-eminence. The ani- 
mals represented, "This is the case with us also. God 
Almighty gave us every one of our members in the happy 
proportions that were suitable ; in this pre-eminence we and 
they are equal." The men replied, " Where is this suitability 
of members among you ? Your figures are exceedingly dis- 
gusting, your stature clumsy, your hands and feet ugly. 
There is belonging to you the camel, of large form, long 
neck, and small tail. And there is the elephant, whose form 
is very large and heavy, two long tusks stick out from his 
mouth, his ears are very broad and his eyes very small. 
Bulls and buffaloes have large tails, thick horns, and no 
upper teeth. The horns of the dumb a (sheep) are heavy and 
its buttocks fat. There is the goat, who has a great beard 
and no buttocks. The hare is small in size, but has great 
ears. In this way there are many carnivorous and gramini- 
vorous beasts, and birds whose form and stature are clumsy, 
one member having no conformity to the others." 

Upon hearing this speech one animal began to say, " Alas ! 
thou hast not at all comprehended the Divine art. We are 
(His) creatures, the beauty and perfection of our members 
comes from Him ; therefore to find faults in us is in fact to 
set forth His deficiencies. Dost thou not know that God 
Almighty in His wisdom created each individual thing for 
some special good ? No one, however, knows this mystery, 
with the exception of Himself and men of science." 

That man said, " If thou art a sage among the animals, 
1 Hadd i i tidal. 2 Kuran, Surat lxxxii. v. 7. 



Pleadings. 1 7 

then do thou make known what advantage there is in making 
the camel's neck long." He said, " Because his legs were 
long, and therefore if his neck had been short, it would have 
been difficult for him to graze the grass. Hence he made his 
neck long that he might graze at ease, and raise himself up 
from the ground by the strength of that neck, and be able to 
carry his lips over his whole body and rub himself. In the 
same way He has made the elephant's trunk long instead of 
his neck, and (He has made) his ears large that he may drive 
away the flies and mosquitoes, so that none may be able to 
get into his eyes or mouth ; for in consequence of his tusks, 
his mouth always remains open, and does not shut. And his 
tusks are long in order that he may defend himself against 
the ferocity of rapacious animals. And the hare's ears are 
long because his body is very tender and his skin fine — he 
can wrap round him those ears in cold weather, and spread 
them out in warm. 

" In fine, God Almighty has bestowed upon every animal 
such members as He deemed suitable. And thus He has 
spoken by the mouth of the holy Moses, saying, ' God be- 
stowed an individuality 1 upon every thing, and after that He 
prescribed their respective courses.' 2 The meaning of which 
is, that He gave to every one such members as were appro- 
priate, and showed them the path of rectitude. 

u What you consider beauty, and boast about, and (when) 
in your vanity, you consider * We are the masters, they are 
the slaves ' — this is (all) a mistake. Beauty, in every species, 
is that which makes (its members) agreeable to their fellows, 
and through which they show affection to each other ; and 

1 Khilkat — lit. " creation, form, figure ;" or, as here rendered, individ- 
uality. 

2 Sales' translation of the Arabic is, " Our Lord is He who giveth all 
things : He hath created them and directeth them (by His providence)." 
— Kurdn, Surat xx. v. 52. 



1 8 Pleadings. 

this is the cause of procreation and propagation of offspring. 
For the beauty of one species is not agreeable to another 
species. Every animal fixes its heart only upon a female of 
its own species, and does not desire the female of any other 
animal, however much better she may be than its own. In 
the same way also, men have affection for their own particular 
species. Those people who are black do not like people of 
white bodies, and those who are white do not set their hearts 

upon the black Therefore, your beauty is no ground 

of superiority that you should consider yourselves to excel us. 
" And when you say that you have great acuteness of sense, 
it is also a mistake. Many animals have better understand- 
ing and sense than you. Thus there is the camel, who has 
long legs and a long neck, and whose head contends with the 
air ; but notwithstanding this, he, in dark nights, descries 
the place on which to set his feet, and passes along roads of 
which the passage seems impossible, while you require torches 
and lamps. And the horse hears the tramp of the traveller 
from afar, and it has often happened that having heard the 
steps of the adversary, he has aroused his rider, and saved him 
from his foe. If a person takes an ox or an ass once along 
any (previously) unseen road, and turns him loose, he escapes 
from that place, and comes back safe to his own home ; he 
does not at all forget it. But if you have passed along a road 
several times, still, whenever there is occasion for you to pass 
along that road (again), you are bewildered and forget it. 
Sheep and goats give birth in one night to hundreds of young 
ones, and in the morning proceed to the pasturage ; and 
when they return from thence in the evening, the young ones 
severally recognise their mothers, and the mothers their 
young ones. But if one of you remain for some time abroad, 
and then return home, he forgets mother and sister, father 
and brother. Then where is the judgment and acuteness of 
sense of which you have made such great boast ? 



Pleadings. 1 9 

"If you had any sense at all, you would not boast about 
those things which God Almighty has given you without any 
labour or trouble (of your own). For the wise and prudent 
consider that to be a (ground of) boast which they have 
acquired by their own industry and labour, as when they 
master the theological sciences, or acquire great qualifica- 
tions by their own efforts and exertions. But you have 
not even one of these things to boast of over us ; your claim 
is without evidence, your animosity without meaning." 



CHAPTER IV. 

Setting forth the complaint which every Animal brought 
forward separately against Mankind. 

HHHE King, turning towards the men, said, "You have 
J- heard his answer ; now say whatever else there remains 
for you to say." They replied — " There are still many proofs 
remaining by which our claim is established ; these are some 
of them : — Buying and selling (the animals), feeding and 
giving (them) drink, putting garments on them, preserving 
(them) from cold and heat, shutting one's eyes to (their) faults, 
saving them from the ferocity of wild beasts, tenderly giving 
(them) medicine when they are sick. These kindnesses 1 we 
show them out of 2 compassion and mercy. The same prac- 
tice prevails among all masters, of keeping an eye of com- 
passion and mercy upon their slaves." 

The King having heard this, ordered the animal to give 
him an answer, and he said — " This man maintains that they 
buy and sell animals, but this practice prevails also among 
men ; thus the inhabitants of Persia, when they gain a victory 
over Turkey, 3 sell the Turks, and when the Turks prevail over 
Persia ; they deal out the same treatment to the Persians. The 
inhabitants of India observe the same practice towards the 

1 Suluk — lit. " treatment," but frequently used, as here, for kind treat- 
ment. 

2 Ba-nazr— with the view or intent. 

3 Rum — Rome, Turkey, Asia Minor. 



Complaints against Man. 2 1 

Sindians, and the Sindians towards the Hindus ; the Arabs 
towards the Turcomans, and the Turcomans towards the 
Arabs. In fine, whenever one overcomes and gains a victory 
over the other, he considers the family of his (defeated) foe 
to be his slaves, and sells them. How can one know for cer- 
tain who is slave and who is master? These are changes and 
vicissitudes which, according to the behests of the stars, pre- 
vail among men, for so God Almighty says, (Arabic,) ' I 
make the times to change among men, from one vicissitude 
to another/ Wise men know this fact. 

" And he says that they feed and provide drink for the 
animals, and in other ways show kind treatment to them ; 
but this does not arise from their compassion and kindness, 
but rather from fear lest the animals should perish, and injury 
happen to their property ; for thus interruption would happen 
to their riding, lading, and other advantages." 

After that, every animal individually made complaint of 
their tyranny before the King. The ass said, " When we fall 
into captivity with men, they lade upon our backs, bricks, 
stones, iron, wood, and great burdens. With what labour 
and toil do we get along. They have always got sticks and 
whips in their hands, and beat us over our buttocks. If 
the King were to see us at such a time he would feel regret 
and pity. Where are compassion and kindness to be found 
among them such as this man has supposed ? " 

Then the bull said, " When we fall into their bonds, they 
bind us to the plough, and harness us to mills and oil-presses, 
put muzzles on our mouths and bandages over our eyes. 
Holding in their hands whips and sticks, they beat us over 
our buttocks and faces/' 

After this the sheep said, " When we fall into their bonds, 
how many evils do we suffer. To supply their children with 
milk they take away our little young ones from their mothers, 
and binding them hand and foot, carry them off to the sham- 

B 



22 Complaint of the Camel, &c. 

bles ; never do they give ear to the cries and wails of these 
injured ones. There, without (giving them) grain or water, 
they slaughter them, tear off their skins, rip up their bellies, 
break open their skulls, tear out their livers, carry them to 
the butchers 7 shops, and cut them up with knives, stick them 
on spits, and bake them in ovens. We, seeing all these evils, 
remain silent and say nothing." 

The camel said, " When we become captives in their 
hands, this is our state. Having put ropes in our noses, the 
camel-drivers pull them ; and then lading very heavy loads 
upon our backs, they take us in dark nights along hilly and 
mountainous roads. In short, our backs are galled by the 
jolting of the saddles, and the soles of our feet wounded by 
the stones ; hungry and thirsty, they drive us wherever their 
heart desires, and we poor wretches being helpless, submit 
to them." 

The elephant said, " When we become their captives, 
they put ropes upon our necks, and chains upon our feet ; 
and taking the goad of iron in their hands, they beat us on 
the right side and on the left, and on the head." 

The horse said, " When we are in bondage with them 
they put bits 1 in our mouths, saddles on our backs, girths 
upon our loins ; and they, wearing their mail and armour, 
ride us in battle-fields. Hungry and thirsty, our eyes stuffed 
with dirt and dust, we go into the battle, and (there) we 
receive sword-cuts on our faces, javelins and arrows in our 
breasts, and we swim in a sea of blood." 

The mule said, " When we become subject in slavery to 
them, we endure the most astounding hardships. They 
fasten ropes to our feet, put bridles and bits into our mouths. 
They do not release us for one instant, so that we may go to 
our mates and satisfy our natural longings. The grooms 
and saddle-men put pack-saddles on our backs and ride us. 
1 Lagdm, bridle, bit, or both together. 



Complaint of the Mule. 23 

Taking sticks and whips in their hands, they beat us over 
our buttocks and faces, and whatever comes into their 
mouths, abuse or obscenity, they bawl out. The measure 
of their folly reaches even to this, that they often utter abuse 
and employ obscene expressions against themselves, their 

sisters, and their daughters All this abuse is heaped 

on them and their masters : but it is true they deserve it. 

" If the King would consider this ignorance, folly, and ob- 
scene talk of theirs, he would perceive that they are filled 
with the wickedness, vice, ignorance, and stupidity of the 
whole world. But still they take no heed of these villainies, 
and never allow the precepts and admonitions of God and 
the Prophet to enter into their ears, notwithstanding that 
they themselves read these verses of the Kuran, (Arabic, the 
meaning of which is,) ' If you desire pardon from God, then 
do you also pass over the offences of others.' 1 (Arabic, i.e.) 
' O Muhammad, command the faithful to pardon the sins of 
unbelievers.' 2 (Arabic, i. e.) ' Whatever carnivorous and her- 
bivorous animals and birds walk upon the earth or fly in 
the air, the condition of all these is like your own.' 3 (Arabic, 
i.e.) i When you ride upon camels think upon the bounties 
of God, and say, He is holy who made subject to us an 
animal like this, over whom we should never have been able 
to prevail ; and we shall return to God.'" 4 

When the mule ceased from the speech, the camel said to 
the pig, " Do you also tell the oppression which your race 
has suffered at the hands of men, and set it forth in the pre- 
sence of so just a King; perhaps he, showing compassion 
and kindness, will give deliverance from their hands to such 
of us as are captives, for your species also belongs to the 
herbivorous class." A sage said, " The pig does not belong to 

1 Kuran, Surat xxiv. v. 22. 2 Kuran, Surat xlv. v. 13. 

3 Kuran, Surat vi. v. 38, 

4 Lit. " We are returners to God." Kuran, Surat xliii. v. 12. 



24 The Pig, 

the herbivorous but to the carnivorous animals. Dost thou 
not know that his teeth protrude, and that he also eats car- 
rion ?" The other replied, " He is herbivorous, for he has 
hoofs, and he also eats grass." A third said he is both carni- 
vorous and herbivorous, and is allied to the cattle, in the 
same way as the camelopard is allied to the bull, camel, and 
leopard ; and he is like the ostrich, in whose form those of 
the bird and the camel are blended. 

The pig said to the camel, " I know nothing about it ; 
what can I say, or of whom shall I complain ? There is much 
variety in their way of treating me. Musulmans consider 
us deformed and accursed ; they deem our figures detestable 
and our flesh unclean, and they abstain from mentioning us. 
The Turkish Greeks eat our flesh with avidity ; they con- 
sider it as holy, and the making sacrifices of it they deem 
very meritorious. The Jews have great aversion and hatred 
of us ; they abuse and curse us inoffensive animals because 
they are at enmity with the Nazarenes and Greeks. The 
Armenians esteem us even as oxen and goats ; nay, they even 
prize us more in consequence of the fatness and thickness 
of our flesh, and the abundance of our offspring. The Greek 
physicians employ our fat in many of their remedies ; nay, 
they even put it in their medicines. Herdsmen and grooms 
keep us in their stables and pastures near to their animals 
and horses, because by our staying there the horses and 
animals are preserved from many evils. Enchanters and 
magicians cover their books and magical instruments with 
our skins. Saddlers and shoemakers pull out the bristles of 
our necks and whiskers with great avidity and eagerness, for 
these are very serviceable to them. We are bewildered, we 
can say nothing ; whom shall we praise, whom shall we 
blame?" 

When the hog had finished saying all this, the ass looked 
towards the hare, who was standing near the camel, and said 



The Hare. 25 

to him, " Do you rehearse in the presence of the King all the 
tyranny which your species has endured from men. Per- 
haps the King, taking pity, will grant deliverance from their 
hands to us captives." The hare said, " We live far away 
from them ; having left off dwelling in their country, we have 
chosen to take up our abode in valleys and jungles ; and through 
this we are saved from their oppression. But we are terribly 
troubled by dogs and birds of prey, 1 who render assistance 
to men, with the object of catching us, and lead them to- 
wards us. They make over as captives into the hands of 
men all the deer, oxen, camels, goats, and herbivorous ani- 
mals of our fraternity who have taken refuge in the hills." 

Then the hare said, " The hunting dogs are excusable in 
this. They ought to help them, for they also are very fond 
of eating our flesh, and they do not belong to our species, 
but on the contrary are carnivorous animals. But the horse 
belongs to the graminivorous animals, and does not eat our 
flesh ; why should he assist them, unless it be entirely from 
his stupidity and folly ?" 

1 Shikdri-jdnwar, hunting animals : falcons, hawks, and such like, 



CHAPTER V. 

Account of the Horse. 

"\T 7HEN the man heard all these words of the hare, he 
* * said, " Enough, be silent ; thou hast reproached the 
horse enough ; if thou hadst but known that he is the best 
of all animals, and that he is obedient to man, thou wouldst 
not have babbled so stupidly." The King asked the man 
what the horse's superiority was, and he answered, " Your 
Majesty, the good qualities and excellences of the horse are 
numerous. His form is good, every limb is appropriate, his 
appearance is handsome, his instincts sound, his colour is 
fine, he excels in intelligence, he is swift in running, he is 
obedient to his rider, for he quickly turns right or left, for- 
wards or backwards, or wherever his rider may direct him. 
He does not flinch from galloping, and he is so well trained 
that whilst his rider is seated on his back, he neither stales 
nor dungs ; and if his tail ever gets wet in mud or water, he 
does not shake it, lest his rider should be sprinkled. His 
strength is like an elephant's, for he trots along carrying his 
rider with his helmet, mail and armour, as well as his own 
saddle, bridle, and armour, altogether a load of five hundred 
maunds. 1 He is so patient and enduring that on the battle- 
field he receives wounds from spears and arrows in his breast 
and in his vitals, and yet remains quiet. His speed is such 
that the wind cannot overtake the dust of his heels. In his 

1 Some read "seers," which is nearer, though also above the mark. 



The Horse. 27 

proud walk he is like a stately bull, his jumping is like a 
leopard's. If his rider lays a wager, then he runs quickly, 
and brings his rider in first. In whom except the horse are 
all these merits to be found ?* 

The hare said, " With all these merits there is also one 
great fault under which all these merits are hidden." The King 
asked what it was, and told him to explain.- The hare said. 
a He is very stupid and ignorant, and does not know friend 
from foe. If he passes under the thighs of an enemy, he 
becomes submissive to him ; and in the battle-field he will, 
at the direction of this enemy, his new master, charge and 
attack the man in whose house he was born, and by whom 
he has been nourished all his days. This trait of his is like 
the nature of the sword, but that is inanimate, and is unable 
to distinguish between friend and foe ; just as it cuts its 
enemy and opponent, so also when it falls upon the neck of 
its owner or maker, it severs his head from his body without 
hesitation, and knows no difference between friends and 
strangers. 

"The same trait of character is found in men, who war 
against their parents, brothers, sisters, and relations, and 
bring into operation all kinds of tricks and stratagems. 
That treatment which ought to be practised against ene- 
mies they employ against their friends. In infancy they 
drink the milk of their parents, and are nourished in their 
bosoms, but in early manhood they become their enemies. 
In the same way they drink the milk of animals, and are 
benefited by making garments of their skin and hair, but 
after all they slaughter those same animals, strip off their 
skins, rip up their bellies, and make them taste the flavour of 
fire. In their barbarity and cruelty they altogether forget 
the obligations and benefits received from them.' 7 

When the hare ceased from his censure of the man and 
horse, the ass said to him, " Enough ; so great condemnation 



28 Speed i of the Ass. 

is not seemly. What person is that whom God Almighty has 
blessed with ever so many virtues and favours, and yet has 
not debarred him from some one favour which exceeds them 
all ? Or who is the person that He has debarred from all 
these blessings, and upon whom He has not bestowed some 
one blessing which He has given to no other ? There is no 
one in the world on whom all talents and blessings are be- 
stowed. The bounties of the great disinterested Giver are 
not confined to any one species. His mercy is over all His 
works, but to one much, to another little. To one He has 
granted the rank of lordship, but on that same one also He 
has affixed the stigma of subjection. What dignity He has 
bestowed on the sun and moon — light, conspicuity, great- 
ness, altitude — all these excellences and distinctions He has 
bestowed upon them, to such a degree, indeed, that some 
people, in their ignorance, have deemed them gods. Still 
He has not preserved them from the infirmity of eclipses, 
in order that this might be conclusive to men of intelligence ; 
for if they were gods they would never become dark nor 
wane. In the same way He has given light and brightness 
to all the stars ; but at the same time He has also made 
this provision, that they are lost in the effulgence of the sun, 
and that all day and night they remain in revolution, so that 
the marks of the creature may be manifest in them. The 
condition of the Jins, men, and angels, is just the same ; for 
if any one of them possesses very great talents, there is still 
some little defect. Perfection belongs to God only, to no 
other." 

When the ass finished this speech, the bull said, " When 
God has imparted to some one person great blessings which 
He has given to no other, it behoves that person to show his 
gratitude for them — that is, he ought to let others share in 
those blessings. Thus God Almighty has given light to the 
sun, and it by its light carries comfort to all creation, and 



Counsel of the Jins. 29 

does not make an obligation of it to any one. So also the 
moon and all the stars, each in their respective degrees, dif- 
fuse light over the world, and hold it no obligation upon any 
one. The same duty is incumbent on men, for God Al- 
mighty has conferred many blessings upon them, which 
they should impart to the animals, and make no favour 
thereof." 

When the bull finished speaking, all the animals gnashed 
their teeth, wept, and began to say, " O just King, have 
mercy on us, and grant us deliverance from the tyranny of 
these oppressors ! " When the King heard this, he looked to- 
wards all the doctors and sages of the Jins who were present, 
and asked if they had heard the statement made by the ani- 
mals of the tyranny, cruelty, and violence of men. They 
replied, " We have heard, and it is all true. We see it by 
night and by day. Their tyranny is not hidden from any 
intelligent or sensible person. For the same reason the Jins 
also have left their (the men's) country, and have fled into 
the woods and wilds, and have hidden themselves in hills, 
mountains, and rivers. Through their bad conduct and evil 
character the Jins have entirely given up visiting inhabited 
places. But with all this even we get no deliverance from 
their malignity. So suspicious and mistrustful are they of 
us, that if any child, woman, or man is stupid, foolish, or sick, 
they say directly that the evil eye, or shadow of a Jin, has 
fallen on him. They have always got mistrust in their hearts, 
and are praying for protection against the malice of the Jins. 
But still no one has ever seen a Jin kill a man, or wound 
him, rob him of his clothes or commit a theft, break into 
any one's house, pick pockets, tear sleeves, break open the 
lock of any one's shop, slay a traveller, rebel against a king, 
plunder any one, or make any one captive. On the other 
hand, all these habits are to be found among them, and they 
remain intent upon one or other of them night and day. 



3 o Counsel of the Jins. 

Besides this, they never show remorse, nor do they watch 
against their faults/' 

When he had done speaking, the mace-bearer cried aloud, 
" Gentlemen, it is now evening. The Court has risen ; you 
are dismissed. Go to your homes, and attend again to- 
morrow morning." 



CHAPTER VI. 

Consultation between the King and the Wazir. 

"W T HEN the King arose from his assembly, he spoke to 
* V Bedar, his wazir, in private, saying, u You have heard 
all the statements and rejoinders of the men and the animals ; 
what advice have you now to offer? How ought the matter 
to be settled? What course seems best in your opinion? 77 
The wazir was a very wise and prudent man. After making 
his obeisance, and invoking blessings, he proceeded to say, 
" It seems to me preferable that the King should call to his 
presence all the judges, lawyers, and sages of the Jins, and 
consult with them about the case. The quarrel is a serious 
one, and it is not clear to which side the right inclines. In 
such matters consultation is necessary, for in the counsels of 
three or four some plan is decided upon. Wise men and far- 
seeing men should be careful never to enter upon such diffi- 
cult matters without advice and counsel." 

In accordance with this speech, the King gave orders that 
all the chiefs and nobles of the Jins should attend. So they 
all assembled according to the following specification : — 
judges of the race of Jupiter, lawyers of the race of Venus, 
wise men of the children of Bfran, sages of the race of 
Lukm^n, experienced persons of the children of Haman, in- 
telligent persons of the children of Kaiwan, and persons of 
common sense of the children of Bahram. The king ad- 
dressed them, saying, u These men and beasts have come 



32 The Royal Council. 

complaining to us, and have taken refuge in our country. The 
animals all complain of the tyranny and violence of men. 
Now do you advise me what ought to be done with them, 
and how their business should be decided." 

A learned sage of the race of Venus who was present, 
said, "In my opinion the proper course is for the animals to 
write out a statement of their circumstances, and of the op- 
pression they have endured at the hands of men, and to take 
a legal opinion thereon from the learned. If any means of de- 
liverance can be settled for them, the judges and lawyers 
will give a decree whether the men are to sell them, set them 
free, or show some kindness and mitigation of their harsh 
treatment. If the men do not obey this decision of the judges, 
and the animals flee from their tyranny, then it will be no 
fault or sin of theirs." 

When the King heard this, he asked them what they had to 
say to it. They all replied that it was an exceedingly good 
proposition, and suitable for the occasion. But the Sdhib-i 
^azimat 1 did not approve of it, and observed, " If these men 
agree to sell the animals, who will pay the price of them?" 
The lawyer said, " The King." Upon this, he asked from 
whence the King could get so much money. The lawyer 
said it would be paid from the public treasury. The Sdhib-i 
'azimat then said, "Is there so much wealth in the public 
treasury as to suffice for the price of them ? Some men, too, 
may refuse to sell them. They have great need of the ani- 
mals, and do not care for the price of them. Thus there are 
kings and ministers and many gentlemen who cannot move 
about without an equipage. They will never consent to sell 
them, and will oppose this decree." 

The King then asked him what seemed good in his opinion, 

i A resolute or practical person. I have retained the original title, 
because it is difficult to find an equivalent word sufficiently definite, 
without using the word man, while the bearer of the name is a Jin. 



The Royal Council. 3 3 

and he said, " It seems to me advisable that the King should 
direct all the animals to act in concert, so that in one and the 
same night they might flee from captivity, and go far from the 
dominions of men — just as deer, hog-deer, and many other 
harmless and rapacious beasts have left their dominions and 
have fled. In the morning, when the men do not find them, 
on whom will they lade their goods, and on whom will they 
ride ? Being helpless from their being so far away, they will 
not be able to go after them, so they will sit down in silence. 
In this way the deliverance of the animals will be effected. ; ' 

The King approved of this proposition, and asked them all 
for their opinion upon it. There was present a wise man of 
the descendants of Lukman, and he said — " This proposition 
is not at all a good one, and this course is very much opposed 
to sense. It is by no means possible, because many of the 
animals are fastened up in durance all night, the doors of their 
prisons are closed, and sentinels are placed on guard : how can 
they all run away ? :; 

The Sdhib-i 'azimat said, " Let the King give his commands 
for all the Jins to go this night to open the doors of the prison- 
houses, to untie the heel-ropes of the animals, to make pri- 
soners of all the guards, and not to release them until all those 
(animals) are far away from their territory. There will be very 
great merit to the King in doing this. Feeling pity for the con- 
dition of those (animals), I haveoffered my sentiments by way of 
advice to his Majesty. If, with benevolent intentions, the King 
shall resolve upon this work of kindness, the Lord Almighty 
will render him aid and assistance. Gratitude for the favours 
of God is shown in giving help and deliverance to the oppressed. 
People say that it is written in the books of several prophets 
that God Almighty says — ; O king, I have not made thee 
ruler over the face of the earth in order that thou mayest 
amass wealth and devote thyself to the greed and lusts of this 
world, but rather that thou shouldst give redress to the op- 



34 The Royal Council. 

pressed, for I indeed avenge them, even though they be in- 
fidels. 7 " 

The King again asked them air what they had to say to it. 
They all approved, and said it was very proper. But a certain 
Kaiwani sage was not satisfied with it, and after offering his 
blessings and reverences, he represented that it was a very 
difficult matter, and could not in any way be accomplished ; 

must be attendea with many evils and dangers which after- 
wards will in no way be capable of rectification. 

The King asked him what he had to fear in the matter, and 
told him to explain so that he himself also might know. He 
said, " Your Majesty, he who proposed this way of deliverance 
for the animals made a great mistake. When the men rise 
in the morning they will not find the beasts, and will become 
apprised of their flight. They will then think for a certainty 
that it is not the work of any man, and that it cannot have 
been effected by any scheme of the animals, but must rather 
be attributed to the cunning and trickery of the J ins." The 
King said, " That is true — there is no doubt about it ; they 
will suspect us." 

The sage continued, " Asylum of the world ! when the 
animals have escaped from their hands, and the services ren- 
dered are interrupted, then the men will be very sorrowful and 
anxious, and will become enemies of the Jins. From of old, 
indeed, they have been our foes, but now more than ever they 
will show their malice and animosity." The sages observed 
that he indeed must be a wise man who, making peace be- 
tween the enemies, would preserve his Majesty from their 
animosity. All the Jins, when they heard this, said he spoke 
the truth. 

After that another sage enquired, "Why should we fear their 
enmity, for it will not avail against us. Our bodies are fiery, 
and are very subtil and light, so that we fly up to the sky — 
but the bodies of men are of dirt ; they remain below, and 



The Royal Council \ 35 

cannot ascend. We wander and look about among them 
without ceremony, but they cannot see us ; so what have we 
to fear? 77 

The Kaiwani sage answered him saying, " Alas ! thou dost 
not know anything about it. Although men are earthy, still 
they have in them celestial souls and angelic spirits, through 
which they hold the pre-eminence over us ; and besides, they 
are acquainted with many wiles and stratagems. In ages 
past there have been many battles between men and the J ins, 
the hearing of which should be a warning to us.' 7 The King- 
desired the sage to inform him of those matters, and how the 
truth stood, so that he also might understand it. The sage 
replied that a natural hatred and an innate animosity between 
men and the J ins had come down from of old time, the nar- 
ration of which would be very prolix. But the King ordered 
him to recount a little of it from the beginning, so far as could 
be recounted, 



CHAPTER VII. 

The Dissensions of the Men and the Jins. 

T N obedience to the orders of the King, the sage thus set 

•1 forth the facts of the (matter) : — 

In the earliest age, before God had created Adam, the Jins 
were dwelling over the whole face of the earth — wood, field, 
and water were all under their rule. When many days had 
passed, prophecy and law, religion and dominion, and numer- 
ous blessings were received. But they began to exhibit dis- 
obedience and error — they heeded not the testaments and 
precepts of the prophets, and set wickedness on foot over all 
the face of the earth. Through their tyranny, the earth, and 
all the dwellers on the earth, went complaining to the court of 
God, and began to make their plaints and lamentations. 

When another age had passed, and their animosity and 
tyranny day by day increased, then God Almighty sent an 
army of angels on to the earth. They accordingly came 
here, and having beaten the Jins, expelled them, making 
many of them prisoners and captives. They then began to 
live upon the earth. It so happened that 'Azazfl, the accursed 
devil by whom the patriarchs Adam and Eve were deceived, 
was among those captives. His age was but little, and he 
knew nothing. He was nurtured among those angels, and he 
adopted all their rules and customs. When he had acquired 
their science, and had come to maturity, he was made head 
and chief of the tribe, and used to issue his edicts of com- 
mand and prohibition. 



Adam in Paradise. - J 

hen yet another age after this had passed, God Almighty 
said to the angels who were dwelling on the earth — u I will 
make one, who is not one of you, ruler of the earth, and I 
will call you up to heaven.* 7 The angels, who had been living 
here for a long period, through having to depart, deemed this 
a most disagreeable command, and thus replied to God — 
ill our Lord create a person who will work evil and blood- 
shed upon the earth, as the J ins were doing, whilst we praise 
Thee, and consider Thee holy.'* 1 God Almighty said, " That 
advantage which I know of, you know nothing about, 2 and I 
have sworn an oath to myself of not keeping any angel, Jin, 
or animal upon the earth after Adam and his offspring.' 7 

In line, when God, having created Adam, breathed a soul 
into his body, and when from him he formed Eve, he com- 
manded all the angels to meet and pay him homage. In 
obedience to the divine command, they paid homage, and be- 
came subject to Adam. But "Azazil did not bow down ; through 
his obstinacy and envy he was opposed to the commands of 
God He reflected, saying, " Formerly I was chief and mas- 
ter ; shall I now become his subject ? 77 So, through envy and 
malice he became the enemy of Adam. 

God Almighty then directed the angels to bring Adam into 
the garden of Eden. When Adam came into paradise a com- 
mand was given by the divine Majesty (Arabic verse, of which 
the meaning is) — " O Adam, do you dwell with your wife in 
this garden, and eat at your pleasure whatever your heart de- 
sires, only do not go near this tree, for if you do go near it, 
you will be a sinner. 77 3 This paradise, which God Almighty 
bestowed upon the patriarch Adam for a dwelling-place, is a 
garden towards the East, on the Ruby mountain. No one 
has the strength to ascend it. The land of that place is good, 
the air temperate, the days of spring are there perpetual ; 

1 Kuran. Sura: i i i : B 

3 Ibid. l Kuran, Surat il. v. 33. 

C 



38 Temptation of Adam. 

many streams flow there ; the trees are very green, fruits in 
abundance ripen, and all kinds of flowers bloom. The ani- 
mals there do not hurt any one, and beautiful birds of sweet 
song, and of all kinds, sit upon the branches, and keep up a 
continual warbling. 

Adam and Eve went there and began to live in comfort. 
The hair of their heads was very long, and hung down to 
their feet. The whole of their bodies was covered with hair, 
and hence their beauty and loveliness were very great. Among 
the flower-beds upon the banks of the streams they used to 
stroll about at their pleasure, eating all kinds of fruits, and 
drinking water from the streams. Everything was attainable 
without toil or labour. Ploughing, cultivating, grinding, 
baking, spinning, weaving clothes, and washing, not one of 
these troubles was known to them, in the way as at the pre- 
sent time their descendants are involved in these evils. Just 
as other animals were living there, in the same way did these 
two pass their days in full security and comfort. There was 
no sorrow. The Lord Almighty made known to Adam the 
names of all the plants and animals which were there. When 
the angels were asked their names, they did not know, but 
being confounded, held their peace. When Adam was asked ? 
he instantly told the names of all, and set forth the uses and 
defects of every one. When the angels saw this fact, they all 
became subject, and knew Adam to be better than themselves. 

When 'Azazil saw this dignity of Adam, his malice and envy 
still more increased, and he meditated how he might in some 
way by fraud and trickery ruin him. So one day pretending 
to be a friendly counsellor, he went to them and said, " God 
Almighty has bestowed upon you the great distinction of 
eloquence and speech, a blessing which he has never yet 
given to any one. If you eat a little from this tree, then your 
knowledge and excellence will be greatly increased, and you 
will live here for ever in perfect ease and comfort ; death will 



Fall of Ada m . 3 9 

never come, and you will always enjoy happiness." In that 
hour when that accursed one, having sworn an oath, said, " I 
advise you well/' 1 they fell into his snare. With greediness 
they transgressed and ate of that tree of which God Almighty 
had forbidden them to eat. The celestial garments which 
they were wearing instantly fell off from their bodies. Taking 
leaves of trees, they began to cover their persons. The long 
hair upon their heads also fell off, and they became naked. 
Through the heat of the sun their complexion changed and 
became black. In fine, they were ruined. 

When the animals saw them in this plight, they felt an 
aversion for their persons, and fled in disgust. They fell into 
a most abject condition. The angels then received an order 
to expel them from paradise, and cast them down from the 
mountain. The angels placed them in a spot where there 
were no fruits nor leaves at all. Somehow or other they 
came upon the earth, and for a long time they wept inces- 
santly in grief and sorrow, and were greatly ashamed of their 
conduct. When a long period had been passed in this 
sorrow and remorse, God Almighty took compassion on 
them, and, accepting their repentance, forgave their sin. He 
sent an angel down to the earth, who came here and taught 
them to dig the earth, to plough and sow, to reap, grind, 
make leaven and bake bread, to weave clothes, and to sew 
and make garments. 

When their descendants became numerous the Jins also 
came and associated with them, and they taught them to 
plant trees, build houses, and (to practise) many useful arts. 
Friendships sprung up between them, and for a long time 
they thus passed their lives. But whenever mention was 
made of the fraud and treachery of the accursed devil, every 
man felt a misgiving of malice and envy on the part of the 
Jins. When Cain murdered Abel, a suspicion sprung up 
1 Kuran, Surat vii. v. 20. 



40 Solomon, 

among the children of the latter that the J ins had incited 
him. Hence their enmity and animosity against the J ins 
increased still more, and in their hatred they practised and 
were always intent upon magic, incantations, imprecations, 
charms, shutting up in bottles, and many other black arts 1 by 
which annoyance might come to the J ins. 

When God Almighty sent the prophet Enoch, he came 
here, and having made peace between men and Jins, he 
showed to all of them the way of peace. The Jins came into 
the territories of the men, and associating with them, they 
dwelt together. In this way matters went on well, up to the 
second deluge, and even after that, until the time of the patri- 
arch Abraham, the friend of God. When Nimrod cast 
Abraham into the fire, then the suspicion sprung up in the 
minds of men that the Jins had taught Nimrod to make the 
sling. And when Joseph's brethren put him into the pit they 
thought that this also was attributable to the guile of the 
Jins. When the prophet Moses came into the world he also 
caused peace to be made between them, and many Jins 
became followers of his religion. 

When Solomon, son of David, was made king of the whole 
world by Almighty God, and superiority over all the kings 
of the earth was given to him, all the Jins and men became 
his subjects. Then the Jins in a boasting way said that 
Solomon had gained his empire with their assistance, for if 
the Jins had not helped him, he would have been just like 
other kings. They were always making pretensions to a 
knowledge of the mysteries (of fate), and were exciting appre- 
hensions among men. When his highness Solomon died, 
the Jins had no knowledge thereof, they were all in perplexity, 
asking what had become of Solomon. The men then felt 
sure that if the Jins were seers, they would not have been so 
bewildered. 

1 i A?nal. This obvious meaning is not given in the Dictionaries. 



Queen of Sheba. 41 

When the intelligence about Bilkis (Queen of Sheba) 
reached Solomon, by the mouth of the hoopoe, he inquired 
of every one if there were any such person as would bring 
the throne of Bilkis before her arrival. A Jin, whose name 
was Astus, son of Aiwan, vauntingly said that he would bring 
it so quickly that his Majesty should not be able to rise from 
his place (before it was done). Solomon said that he wanted 
it done more quickly. Asaf, son of Barkhiya, who knew the 
name of power, said that he would bring it in one instant. 
And verily he brought it. When Solomon saw the throne, he 
was amazed, and paid adoration to God. It now became 
manifest to the Jins that men held the superiority over them. 
Ashamed and downcast, they turned away, and all the men 
followed them hooting. Being greatly degraded, the Jins 
fled, and became rebellious. Solomon sent an army after 
them to capture them. He taught many occult arts for mak- 
ing them prisoners, and gave instructions as to the way of 
shutting the Jins up in bottles. Indeed, he wrote a book on 
those mystic practices, which became public after his death. 

When the Lord Jesus came into the world, and offered to 
all the Jins and men the invitation to Islam, he taught to 
every one the way of salvation, and showed the way to 
heaven and the mode of obtaining association with the 
angels. Many Jins then came into his religion, and becom- 
ing devout and temperate, they began to go to heaven. 
Hearing the intelligence of heaven, they came down here (to 
the earth), and made it known to the magicians. 

When the Almighty created the last of the prophets, the 
Jins were prevented from going to heaven. They said that 
(Arabic) they " did not know whether that calamity had be- 
fallen them for the good of the dwellers on the earth, or 
whether God desired to provide a way of salvation for those 
(terrestrial beings)." 1 Many Jins approved the Muhammadan 
1 Kuran, Surat lxxii, v. 10. 



4 2 Perplexity of the King. 

religion, and became Musulmans ; so between them and the 
Musulmdns peace continues up to the present time. 

When the doctor had finished speaking all this, he again 
said, " Oh Jins, do not annoy them, and make no disturb- 
ance among yourselves. In vain you exhibit your old hatred ; 
the end of it will not be pleasant. This hatred is fire from a 
flint ; when it makes its appearance it sets a world on fire. 
May God keep (you) in his protection. When they showed 
their enmity against us, and prevailed over us, what misery 
and ignominy followed. " 

When they all had heard this wonderful story, each one 
bowed his head and became pensive. The King then asked 
this doctor, " What seems to you advisable ? All these have 
come complaining to my residence, and have taken refuge 
with me. How can I settle their quarrel, and send them 
away satisfied from my country." The doctor replied, " The 
proper course will be found out after (careful) consideration ; 
nothing can be done by rashness. It seems to me advisable 
that the King should sit to-morrow morning in public court, 
and calling them all forward, should hear their evidence and 
arguments. After that he must give his decree in accordance 
with what seems to him right and suitable for the occasion." 

The Sahib-i ^azimat said, " The men are very fluent and 
eloquent, but the animals are deficient in that respect ; they 
cannot say anything. If they are beaten by the plausibility 
of the men, and cannot answer, will you then surrender them 
into the charge of men, so that they may be kept for ever 
subject to annoyance and torture ? " The doctor replied, 
" They are in bondage, and must be resigned and quiet. 
Time does not always pass in the same way. God will at 
length give them deliverance, as he granted deliverance from 
the torments of Pharaoh to the children of Israel, from the 
tyranny of Nebuchadnezzar to the children of David, to the 
tribe of Himyar from the torments of the tribe of Tubbi, to 



Uncertainty of For time. 43 

the race of the Sassanians and the race of 'Adrian from the 
tyranny of the Greeks and the family of Ardashfr. Fortune 
does not proceed in one uniform way with any one ; like the 
revolution of the sphere, it turns perpetually over this w r orld 
of created beings in accordance with the divine commands — 
once in a thousand years, or in twelve thousand years, or in 
thirty-six thousand years, or in three hundred and sixty 
thousand years, or in one day, which may be equal to fifty- 
five thousand years, it changes once. True it is that the 
magic of this variable fortune never keeps anybody in one 
state. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

Consultation of the Men. 

T T ERE the King was consulting in private with his wazir, 
■*- -■- ministers, and nobles ; there also the men, seventy 
individuals, inhabitants of different cities, assembled in their 
own house, and held deliberations together. Each one said 
what came into his mind. One of them said, " You have all 
heard the discussion which has passed to-day between us 
and our slaves, and the dispute is not yet settled. Have 
you found out at all what the King has decided in our re- 
gard V All said, " How should we know ? Still, this much 
we know, that the King is much perplexed about the matter, 
and probably will not come out to-morrow." Another said, 
" I have found out that he will hold a consultation in private 
with his wazir to-morrow about our case." Another said, 
u He will assemble the doctors and learned men, and will 
take counsel." 

One of them said, " We do not know what advice the doc- 
tors will give about our rights ; but this we know, that the 
King is inclined towards us, and has a good opinion of us." 
Another said, " The minister is to be feared. I hope he will 
not turn against us, and do injury to our rights." Another 
said, " This is an easy matter. Give the wazir some presents, 
and bring him over to our side. Still there is one danger." 
They all inquired what that was ; and he replied that there 
was great fear about the opinion of the judges and lawyers. 



Consultation of the Men, 45 

They said, " This is also an easy matter. Give them like- 
wise some bribes, and satisfy them. Then, in accordance 
with our desires, they will invent some legal quibble, and 
give their opinion. But the Sdhib-i ''azimat is wise and 
honest. He will not show partiality to any one. In the 
event of the King consulting him, it is to be feared lest he 
should exert himself with the King on behalf of our slaves, 
and deliver them out of our hands. 75 

Another said, " You speak the truth ; but if the King con- 
sults with the doctors, their opinions will differ. One will 
speak in opposition to another, and nothing will be decided/' 
Another observed, " If the King consults the judges and law- 
yers, what will they say about our rights ? " The other re- 
plied, "The opinion of the learned cannot fail of falling 
under one of these three categories : either they will decide 
that we must set the animals free, or that we must sell them 
and accept a price for them, or that we must show some alle- 
viation and kindness to them. These are the only three 
courses provided for in the law." One said, " If the King 
consults with the wazir, we do not know what advice he will 
give." Another replied, " I know. He will say, ' These 
animals have come and taken refuge in our country ; they 
are oppressed, and it is incumbent on the King to assist 
them, because kings are called the vicegerents of God, and 
the Lord Almighty has given them rule over the earth, to 
dispense justice and equity to their subjects, and to give 
assistance and succour to the weak ; to drive oppressors 
from their dominions, and to enforce the commands of the 
law among the people. They will be examined about these 
matters in the day of judgment, 7 " 

One said, " If the King speaks to the judge about deciding 
our case, then the judge will give one of three decrees. 
What must then be done ?" They all said, " A judge is the 
deputy of the prophet, and the guardian of religion. In no 



46 Consultation of the Men. 

way can we disregard his decision." One said, " If the 
judge decrees that we are to release and set free the ani- 
mals, what will you do?" Then another one said, "We 
will reply that we are their hereditary masters, and they 
have come down to us in bondage from the times of our 
ancestors. The choice is ours. If we like, we can release 
and set them free ; and if we like, we can refuse to release 
them." 

Another observed, " What if the judge directs us to prove 
that they are our hereditary slaves by some legal document, 
or by witnesses ?" One answered him, saying, "We will 
bring forward our friends, who are just, and tender them as 
witnesses." He replied, " The judge may say that the testi- 
mony of men is not trustworthy, because they are all enemies 
of the animals, and the evidence of enemies is not attended 
to in the law. Or he may ask where the deed of sale and 
contract is, and tell us to produce it if we are honest. What 
device can then be adopted ? " 

When they heard this, they were all silent, and gave no 
reply. At length an Arab said, " We will reply that we had 
the legal documents, but that they were all lost in the storm. 
And if the judge directs us to swear that they are our own 
slaves, then we will object that the oath ought to be taken 
by the defendants, but we are the plaintiffs." Then one said, 
" If the judge takes an oath from the animals, and they swear 
that they are not our slaves, what course must we then pur- 
. sue ?" Another replied, " We will say that the animals have 
sworn falsely, and that we have many proofs which substan- 
tiate our claim." 

A person asked, " If the judge decrees that we are to sell 
them, and accept the price, what will you then do ?" Then 
those who were inhabitants of the settled country said, " We 
will sell them, and take the money." But those who were 
dwellers in the woods and wastes, the Arabs, Turks, and the 



Consultation of the Men. 47 

like, said, " This must not be. If we act upon it we shall 
perish. Do not mention it." Those who were disposed to 
sell asked what harm there was in it. 

In answer to this they replied, "If we sell the animals we 
shall suffer great inconvenience. Drinking their milk, eating 
their flesh, making garments of their skin and hair, the ap- 
plication of them to other uses besides — all these advantages 
will be lost. Death is preferable to a life like this. Similar 
inconvenience will also befall the inhabitants of the settled 
country ; for they also have great need of these animals. 
Never entertain the proposition of selling them, or setting 
them free ; nay, do not even let the idea of it enter into your 
minds. If you are content to give them relief, and to show 
kindness to them, there is no objection to your doing so, for 
these animals are living beings ; they have flesh and skin like 
you and we have ; and by troubling them further, torture will 
fall upon them. You have not worked so much righteous- 
ness as that this reward should accrue to you in consequence, 
and that God should have made these animals your subjects. 
Nor have they committed any such great crime as that God 
should have inflicted this punishment because of it, and that 
they should have been subjected to this suffering. He is 
Master. Whatever He wishes He does, and no one can 
evade His commands." 



CHAPTER IX. 
Consultation of the Animals. 

WHEN the King arose from his council, and all were 
dismissed, they went to their several homes. The 
beasts having also assembled, began to advise and take 
counsel together. One of them said, " You have heard all 
the disputation which has gone on to-day between us and 
the men, and the contention is not yet settled. Now, what 
seems to you advisable ?" One of them replied, "We will 
go in the morning and weep before the King, and complain 
of the tyranny of the men. Perhaps his Majesty may take 
compassion upon us, and release us from bondage. To-day, 
indeed, he has been somewhat kind to us ; but it is not right 
in a king to give a decree without hearing proof and argu- 
ment, and proof and arguments are made effective by elo- 
quence of statement and fluency of language. Thus the 
Prophet has said, (Arabic, which signifies) ' When you quar- 
rel and come to me, and one (man) is more clever with his 
proofs and arguments than the other, I decide in his favour. 
Therefore, if unwittingly the right of one should fall to the 
other, he ought not to take it. If he does take it, I will ap- 
point hell-fire for him.' The men, indeed, possess greater 
eloquence and fluency of language than we do, and so we 
are afraid that we shall be discomfited in our evidence and 
arguments by their plausibility, and that they will prevail 
over us. What in your opinion is the best plan ? Careful 



Consultation of the Animals. 49 

consideration must be given to this point. If we all as- 
semble, and reflect and consider, then some good plan will 
turn up." 

An individual said, " In my opinion the best course is for 
us to send messengers to all animals to represent our posi- 
tion, and tell them (all), so th:t they may despatch their 
representatives and orators to us, who will then all come 
here, and act as our supporters. For in every species there 
is a talent, a wisdom, and an eloquence which no other pos- 
sesses. When many friends and helpers shall assemble, 
some means of deliverance and safety will be found. Help 
also comes from God. He aids whomsoever He will." All 
the animals said, " Enough ; this is the right course." Ac- 
cordingly six messengers, very trustworthy, were chosen to 
be sent in every direction : one of them for the wild beasts ; 
the second for the birds ; the third for the birds of prey ; the 
fourth for the insects, such as the earthworm, the scarlet fly, 
&c. ; the fifth for the reptiles, such as maggots, ants, snakes, 
scorpions, &c. ; the sixth for the aquatic animals. These 
having been appointed, were sent in every direction. 



CHAPTER X. 

On the matters of the First Messenger. 

WHEN the first messenger went to the king of the wild 
beasts, A bit- 1 Hdr is — i.e. to the lion — he said, "A 
dispute is going on between men and beasts in the presence 
of the King of the Jins. The beasts have sent messengers to 
all animals, calling upon them to come and render them 
assistance. They have sent me also to wait upon you. Deign 
to send a general with your army along with me, that he may 
go there and become co-partner with his fellows ; and when 
his turn shall come, let him contend with the men." The 
king asked the messenger what claim the men were setting 
up against the beasts, and he replied, " They maintain, ' all 
beasts are our slaves and we are their masters.' " 

The lion inquired, " What thing do the men boast of? If 
they boast about vigour, strength, courage, valour, onslaught, 
leaping, jumping, clutching, 1 fighting, close combat, or in fact 
any one of these, then I will instantly despatch my army that 
it may go there,, and in one onslaught scatter and disperse 
them." The messenger said, " They do indeed boast about 
many of these qualities, and besides this they are acquainted 
with many practices and arts, frauds and stratagems, and 
they know how to make shields and swords, spears and 
javelins, daggers and knives, arrows and bows, and many 
(other) weapons. Having regard to the claws and teeth 
of wild beasts, they cover their bodies with armour, mail, 
l Changul-m&rna — " striking with claws." 



The First Mt 5 1 

double armour, felt and helmets, so that the claws and teeth 
of the beasts may never take effect upon their bodies. They 
practise many wiles and stratagems in order to catch the 
savage and other wild animals. They make nets and snares, 
and digging ditches, pits, and holes, they cover the 
mouths lightly with dirt and grass ; when the animals un- 
wittingly walk upon them, they fall in, and then it is impos- 
sible for them to get out. But before the King of the Jins 
there is no mention of these characteristics ; there they bring 
forward proofs and arguments for eloquence of statement, 
activity of tongue, and superiority of intellect and judgment. 
fine), for all these thi:: \ 

When the king heard (this) from the mouth of the messenger, 
after pondering for an hour, he gave his orders, saying, " Yes. 
let all the wild beasts of my army come."' In accordance with 
this command, many varieties of wild beasts — lions, wolves, 
1 ent sorts of monkeys, weasels, and, in fine, carnivorous 
and lacerating 1 animals of ever}" sort and kind — came t ; 
upon him. The king related to them everything which he 
had heard from the tongue of the messenger, and said, ** V 
is there among you who will go there and be the coadjutor of 
the animals ? Whenever any one proceeds thither and pre- 
vails with evidence and reasoning, then whatsoever he shall de- 
sire of me I will grant, and I will confer greatness upon him." 

When the wild beasts heard this they meditated in the 
for an hour, as to whether any one was fit for the business 
or not. The leopard, who was minister, then said to the 
king, i; Thou art our king and chief, and we are your depend- 
ants and subjects. It behoves the king that in every matter 
he should consult carefully and deliberately with the wise, 
and then issue his orders. And it behoves the subjects that 
should listen to the orders of the king with the ear of 

1 Changul-mdmt-hdre — lit. "daw-si 
- Lit. " Who is such a one? " 



52 Qualifications of a Messenger. 

their hearts, and in every point should show obedience to 
him. Because the king stands in the exalted position of the 
head and the subjects in the places of the limbs (of the animal 
frame). When the king and the subjects each keep to their 
respective positions and courses, all affairs are adjusted, and 
due order prevails in the kingdom." 

The king asked the leopard what sort of qualities those are 
which are meet for the king and for the subject, and told him 
to detail them. The leopard said, " It behoves a king to be 
just, brave, and wise ; in every transaction he should care- 
fully deliberate ; he should show kindness and affection to 
his subjects, just as parents show affection and kindness to 
their offspring ; (and) he should occupy himself in whatever 
may be for the welfare and comfort of his subjects. And it 
is incumbent on the subject that in every way he should be 
ready in obedience, service, and devotion to the king ; and 
whatever skill and art he may possess he should make known 
to the king, and inform him of its defects and merits ; the 
duties of his service he should discharge in a befitting man- 
ner ; and, making his wants known to the king, he should 
seek from him aid and assistance." 

The lion said, " You speak truly ; but now, what advice 
do you give in this matter?" The leopard said, " May the 
star of prosperity ever continue bright and resplendent, and 
may the king be always victorious and triumphant. If there 
be any need there of strength and vigour, courage and am- 
bition, then deign to give me permission that I may go there 
and effectually provide for it." The king said, " For these 
matters there is indeed no one there." The ounce said, " If 
there be any need there of leaping, jumping, keeping and 
seizing ; then I am bail for it." The wolf said, "If there be 
any need there of attacking, plundering, and devastating, I 
will provide for it." The fox said, "If there be any need 
there of craft and trickery, I am the one for it." The weasel 



Choice of a Messenger. 5 3 

said, " If there be any use there for ferreting, stealing, and 
keeping concealed, I am bail for it." The monkey said, " If 
there be any need there of dancing, jumping, and mimicry, I 
am the one for it." The cat said, " If there be any need there 
of flattery, fawning, and begging, I will provide for it." The 
dog said, "If there be any need there of watching, barking, 
and tail- wagging, I am the one for it." The rat said, "If 
there be need there of burning, kindling, and damaging, I am 
ready for it." 

The king said, " There is no one there for these require- 
ments." Afterwards turning towards the leopard, he said, 
" All these qualifications which these animals have mentioned 
are necessary for the armies of the kings and nobles of men ; 
and they indeed are fit for these matters, because although 
in outward appearance their shapes and figures are like unto 
those of the angels, still their dispositions are like unto those 
of wild beasts and brutes ; but of such of them as are learned 
theologians, and discreet, the morals and virtues are like 
those of the angels. Who, then, is the one to send that he 
may go there and contend on the side of the animals ? " 

The leopard said, " It is true ; but now the learned and 
the theologians among men, having cast oflthis course which 
they call ' angelic morality,' have adopted devilish disposi- 
tions. Night and day they continue in strife and contention, 
and in slandering and maligning each other. In the same 
way rulers and kings also having turned aside from the prac- 
tice of justice and equity, have chosen the way of tyranny 
and oppression." The king said, " You speak truly ; still it 
is necessary that the king's messenger should be virtuous 
and noble ; from his duty he should not deviate. Then who 
is the one whom we ought to send, in whom all the qualifica- 
tions of a messenger may be found ? Is there any one in this 
assembly who may be worthy to go there ? " 



CHAPTER XL 

Delineation of a Messenger. 

HP HE leopard inquired of the lion what sort of qualifi- 
cations are requisite in a messenger ? The king 
said, " It is necessary that a messenger should be a wise 
man 1 and a good speaker. He should forget nothing 
that he hears, but retain it carefully in memory. He should 
not tell the secret of his heart to any one. The duties of his 
trust and covenant he should fulfil as they ought to be ful- 
filled. He should not be a great talker, nor upon any matter 
should he go too far for his own side. What has been told 
him, that alone should he speak. He should strive and ex- 
hibit devotion for whatever may turn to the welfare of his 
principal. 2 If the opposite side should offer him any bribe, 3 
he should not be such a person that, from desire for it, he 
should waver from the course of trustworthiness and right- 
eousness, and fall headlong into the pit of treachery and 
perdition. If in a strange city he should in any way find 
gratification, he should not remain there for the sake of it, 
but he should return (home) quickly, and communicate to his 
lord whatever he may have seen or heard. He should render 
to his master whatever the responsibilities of counsel-giving 
and trustiness require. He should not for fear of anything 

1 The writer here forgets his apologue. 2 Lit. — " sender." 

3 This signification of tama and tama dena is not in the dictionaries. 



The Jackal. 55 

fail a jot in the duties of a messenger, because it is incum- 
bent upon a messenger to deliver all his message." 

After this he said to the leopard, "In your opinion is there 
any one in this assemblage who may possess ability for this 
business ?" The leopard said, "There is no one better 
fitted for this work than the brother of Kalila and Damna." 1 
The lion said to the jackal, " You have heard what the 
leopard has declared in respect of you, what do you say to 
it ?" The jackal said, " The leopard speaks the truth ; may 
God give him a good reward, and bring him to the object of 
his hopes." The king said, " If you go there and contend 
on the side of your fellows, when you return you shall be 
advanced in dignity and shall receive reward.' 7 The jackal 
said, " I am the obedient servant of the king, still there are 
many foes of my species there — what plan can I devise against 
this?" The king inquired who they were. The jackal 
said, " Dogs have an inveterate animosity against me. Is 
not the king aware that they are very friendly and familiar 
with men, and assist them in catching wild beasts ? " 

The king said, "What is the reason that they have become 
so attached to men, and make. attacks upon wild beasts? 
Why, having left their own fellows, have they become the co- 
adjutors of a different species ? " No one knew anything 
about this matter except the bear, and he said, " I know the 
reason of this." The king directed him to state it. The 
bear said, " The dogs have struck up a friendship with men 
in consequence of a similarity of disposition and affinity of 
taste, and besides this, they get many nice things to eat and 
drink there. And in their natures there is greediness and 
avarice and evil inclinations, like as in men — this is a stronger 
reason forvtheir intimacy. And the wild beasts abstain from 
these vices. The reason of this is, that dogs eat flesh, raw 
and cooked, lawful and unlawful, fresh or dried, salted or un- 
1 Kalila and Damna were two crafty jackals celebrated in story. 



56 The Dog and Cat 

salted, good or bad, just as they get it, and besides they 
devour fruits, vegetables, bread, pulse, milk, curds, sour or 
sweet butter, oil, honey, sweetmeats, parched grain, and all 
the various sorts of human food — they leave nothing. But 
the wild beasts do not eat these things, or rather; they do not 
even notice them. And the greediness and avarice of dogs 
reach to such a pitch that it is impossible for them to allow any 
animal to enter a village, so that he may come and get some- 
thing to eat. If ever a fox or jackal enter a village suddenly 
at night to steal a fowl, or rat, or cat, or a carcase of carrion, or 
a morsel of bread, with what violence do the dogs bark, and 
attacking (the intruder), at length drive him away. Through 
this avidity and greed how abject and vile they are ! If they 
see a piece of bread or anything else to eat in the hand of 
any man, woman, or child, with what avidity do they wag 
their tails and shake their heads ! If he in pity throws 
down a little morsel before them, how quickly do they run 
and pick it up, so that no other may get it ! All these vices 
are found also in man, and in consequence of this affinity, 
the dogs have quitted their own fellows, and have gone and 
joined themselves to men, and render them help and aid in 
catching wild animals." 

The king said, "Is there any other beast besides the dog 
who has formed a connection and friendship with man ? n 
The bear said, " The cat is also very friendly with them." 
The king asked, " What is the reason of that connexion ? " 
The bear said, " For this also there is this one same reason, 
that the dispositions of them and of men are conformable. 
The cat also, like men, has a desire and longing for food of 
various sorts." The king asked, " What is the cat's position 
with men?" The bear said, "She is somewhat better off 
than the dog, because she goes into their houses and sleeps 
upon carpets ; and when they dine she sits upon the dinner- 
cloth. Whatsoever they eat themselves they give unto her also ; 



The Rat, 5 7 

and whenever she gets a chance she steals some of their 
food and drink. But they do not allow the dogs to get 
an entrance into their houses ; consequently envy and malice 
prevail between the dog and cat. Whenever the dogs see 
her they spring from their place, and so attack her, that if 
they catch her they tear her in pieces and eat her up. The 
cat also, whenever she sees a dog, scratches his face and 
tears his tail and hair, and with great rage and fury she 
swells and puffs herself out. This is the reason why she is 
their enemy."' 

The lion inquired if there was any other animal besides 
these two who was also familiar with men. The bear said, 
' ; Rats also go into their houses and shops, but there is no 
intimacy 1 between them, on the contrary they are afraid of 
them and run away/' The king asked what was the reason 
of their going to mens dwellings]. The bear said, "They 
also go there from a liking of various kinds of food and 
drink/' The king then asked if there was yet any other 
animal who went there, and the bear said, i; Weasels also 
sometimes go there stealthily and secretly for the purpose of 
thieving and carrying off something. 7 ' Again the king in- 
quired, " Is there any other animal besides these who goes 
into their houses?' 7 The bear said, "No other one goes; 
but the men violently seize leopards and monkeys and take 
them there, but these do not go there willingly." 

The king asked from what period cats and dogs had been 
friendly with men, and the bear replied, " Since the days 
when the descendants of Cain prevailed over those of Abel. 7 ' 
The king said, " How did this matter happen? narrate it. 7 ' 
The bear said, " At the time when Cain murdered his 
brother, whose name was Abel, the children of Abel sought 
retaliation upon the children of Cain, and warred with them. 
At length the children of Cain proved victorious. Having 
iTJnsiyat — familiarity, intimacy. 



58 Perplexity of the Lion. 

inflicted defeat (upon their opponents), they plundered all 
their wealth, and carrying off all their cattle, bullocks, camels, 
asses, and mules, they became very rich. They gave enter- 
tainments to each other, and had many kinds of food cooked. 
Slaughtering animals, they caused their heads and feet to be 
thrown everywhere round about their cities and villages. 
When the cats and dogs saw this abundance of flesh, and 
this plenty of victuals and drink, having abandoned their own 
species, they entered with avidity into their villages and 
became their helpers and coadjutors. Up to the present 
time they continue in alliance." 

When the lion heard this story he became very pensive, 
and said, " There is no pow r er nor strength but in God the 
great and glorious, from whom we came, and to whom we 
must return," and several times he reiterated this formula. 
The bear asked the king, " What ground of sorrow is there to 
your majesty (in the fact of) the alienation of the cats and 
dogs from their own species." The lion said, " I have no 
sorrow for their departure, but I am brooding over this word 
which has been spoken by the wise. There is no greater 
mischief or detriment to kings in their government and ad- 
ministration than this, that the allies of their army should 
secede and go to join the enemy, because when they go they 
make him acquainted with times of negligence, with all things 
good and bad, and with all secrets. Informinghim of all things, 
they make known the secret ways, and all his various con- 
trivances. All this is an exceedingly great evil for kings and 
armies. May God never grant a blessing to those cats and 
dogs ! " 

The bear said, " All that which the king has desired, God 
has already done to those dogs, and the prayer of the king 
has been heard : having taken from their race his favour and 
blessing, He has bestowed it upon the goats." The king 
asked how this happened, and told him to relate it. The 



Troubles of Dogs and Cats, 59 

bear said, "In this way many dogs having consorted with 
one bitch, get her in pup, and when she brings forth, she 
with great affliction and labour gives birth to eight, ten, and 
sometimes to even more young ones ; still no one has ever 
seen in the town or in the forest a very large pack of dogs, 
notwithstanding that no one ever slaughters 1 them. But the 
goats, notwithstanding that they bring forth only one or two 
young ones in a whole year, and are always being slaughtered, 
still flocks upon flocks of them are to be seen in the towns 
and forests, so that the computation thereof is impossible. 
The reason of it is this : very many evils come upon the 
young of dogs and cats through their food. Through the 
unfitness of their food they are subject to divers diseases from 
which wild beasts are exempt, and through their own vice 
and the cruelty of men the lives of themselves and of their 
offspring are short ; thus they are abject and wretched/' After 
that the lion said to the jackal, " Now do you depart — go 
there into the presence of the King of the Jins, and accom- 
plish that matter for which you have been appointed." 

1 Zabh. — lawful slaughter for sacrifice or food. 



CHAPTER XII. 

In descripion of the Second Messenger. 

^irHEN the second messenger went to the Shah-murgh, 1 
the king of the birds, and stated the facts, he having 
heard the position of the animals, gave orders that all birds 
should come and present themselves. Accordingly birds of 
every sort and kind, of the forests, of the mountains, and of 
the waters, in compliance with his command, came and 
assembled in such exceeding great abundance that no one 
but God could know their number. The Shah-murgh said, 
" The men have set up a pretension that all animals are 
slaves, and they are their masters ; on this account many 
animals are disputing with the men before the King of the 
Jins." After this he said to the peacock, his minister, 
" Who among the birds is most fluent and eloquent ; who is 
fit to be sent there, so that he may go and contend with the 
men?" The peacock said, " The whole society of birds is 
present ; let him go whom thou pleasest to command." The 
Shah-murgh said, " Tell me the names of all of them, so that 
I may know them." The peacock said, " The hoopoe, cock, 
pigeon, partridge, h\x\bu\kabak partridge, 2 surkhab? swallow, 
crow, crane, sang-khwdra^ sparrow, dove, turtle-dove, wag- 
tail, goose, heron, wild-duck, nightingale, ostrich, and others ; 
these all are here present." 

The Shah-murgh said to the peacock, " Show them to 
me one by one, that I may behold them, and ascertain the 

1 " Royal bird." 2 Tetaro cot ur nix. 

3 A?ias casaixa. 4 ''Stone-eater." 



The Hoopoe. 6 r 

virtues and qualities of each, whether any one is fit for this 
duty. The peacock said, " The hoopoe, the spy, companion 
of Solomon, the son of David, is he who is sitting (here) 
wearing garments of many colours. When he speaks he 
bends in the same way as if he were making bows 1 and pros- 
trations ; he inculcates virtue and prohibits vice. He brought 
the news of the city of Saba^ to Solomon, the son of David, 
and said this, ' The wonders and miracles of the world 
which I have seen, your Majesty has not seen ; and so I have 
brought a piece of intelligence from the city of Saba in which 
no falsehood at all is mingled. There is a woman there in 
the description of whose dignity and splendour 2 the tongue 
is deficient. The sovereignty of that country is in her power, 
and there is a very large throne upon which she sits. In 
fine, all the good things of the world are to be found at her 
abode ; there is no want of anything. But she and the people 
of her tribe are terrible perverts ; they do not acknowledge 
God ; they pay adoration 3 to the sun. Inasmuch as Satan 
has perverted those people, they consider vice to be the 
very essence of devotion. Having cast off that beneficent 
Creator who made earth, sky, and heaven, and who knows 
everything, whether open or concealed, they acknowledge 
as their god the sun, who is but a particle of His light ; 
whereas there is no one worthy of worship besides that true 
and only God. 

" The cock, the crier of the summons to prayer, is he who, 
with a crown placed upon his head, is standing on the wall. 
His eyes are red, his wings outspread, his tail cocked up ; 
he is exceedingly proud and generous, and is always engaged 
in magnifying 3 and praising God. He knows the time of 
prayer, and reminds and admonishes his neighbours. In the 

i Ruktf, bending the body forward, and resting a hand on each knee. 
2 Hasham — retinue, suite. ' 6 Sijda — prostration, homage. 

Takbir — repeating the doxology, "God is great," &c. 



62 The Cocky &c. 

morn, in his summons to prayer, he says this, £ O dwellers in 
my vicinity, remember God. You have been sleeping for a 
very long time ; you do not think upon death and destruc- 
tion ; you feel no terror of the fire of hell ; you are not desir- 
ous of paradise, and you show no gratitude for the favours 
of God. Call to remembrance that person who will anni- 
hilate all pleasures. Make provision for your journey to the 
next world. If you desire to be preserved from the fires of 
hell, then practise devotion and temperance." 

" And the partridge, the inviter to prayer, is he who is 
standing on the hillock, with a pale face and variegated 
wings. From the frequency of his bows and prostrations, 
he is bent in form. At the time of invitation to prayer he 
reminds the heedless and gives glad tidings ; and after 
that he says, ' Be thankful for the mercies of God, so 
that his blessings may increase ; and show no mistrust of 
God.' And frequently in his prayers he offers up this peti- 
tion, ' O God, place me in safety from the malignity of birds 
of prey, jackals, and men ; and preserve me also from phy- 
sicians, who declare that benefit arises to sick people from 
eating my flesh, for in this there is no safety 1 for me. I am 
always thinking upon God : in the morning I make the pro- 
per invitation to prayer, that all men may hear and act upon 
the good counsel/ 

"The pigeon, the guide of the way, is he who, taking letters, 
travels to far distant cities, and ever when he flies away he 
says, with great pathos, * There is horror in separation from 
one's brethren, and longing for meeting with friends. O God, 
show me the way to my native country, that I may find 
happiness in reunion with my friends.' 

"And the kabak* 1 is he who is always walking gracefully 
about among the flowers and the trees in the garden, and is 
engaged in singing with exceedingly sweet voice. With 
1 Lit. "life." 2 A kind of partridge or quail. 



The Bulbul) &c. 63 

precept and counsel lie cries continually, ' O destroyers of 
life and constitution, planters of trees in gardens, builders of 
houses in towns, sitters in high places, why are you regard- 
less of the peril of the time ? Ee temperate ; do not for an 
instant forget God ; think upon that day when you will 
leave this luxury at home, and will descend into the grave 
among snakes and scorpions. If from this time forward, 
before leaving your native home, you are mindful of this, 
then so much the better, for you will there come into a 
pleasant dwelling-place ; if not, you will fall into perdition.' 

" And this is the surkh-db. Like as a preacher mounts 
into his pulpit, so does he also at noon rise in the air, and 
going on to the stacks of corn, he sings various strains with 
exceedingly sweet voice. And in his discourse he says, 
1 Where are those lords of commerce and men of agricul- 
ture, who by the mercy of God derive very large profit from 
the sowing of a single grain. Oh, my masters, in the fear of 
God take warning ; thinking upon your dying day, 1 before 
your decease discharge the duty of worshipping him, and 
show kindness and benevolence to his creatures. Through 
stinginess do not take this idea into your mind — " To-day 
no poor or needy person will come to my house ;" for who- 
ever now plants the tree of kindness will to-morrow realise 
the fruit and relish of it. This world is the harvest-field of 
futurity; whosoever shall practise in it the cultivation of good 
works, shall find the benefit of it in the life to come. If any 
one shall pursue an evil course, he will burn like dry litter in 
the fire of hell. Think upon that day when God, having 
separated the infidels from the faithful, will cast these into 
hell-fire, but will bring the faithful into paradise. ' 

" The bulbul, the story-teller, is she who is sitting on a 
branch of a tree. Her body is very small, in flight she is 
swift, her face is white, and she is constantly looking to the 

1 Ziraat — cultivation, agriculture, crop. 2 Lit. "death." 



64 The Crow. 

right hand and to the left. With exceeding eloquence and 
sweet voice she composes her strains, and stays in the gardens 
in close intimacy with men — she even goes into their houses 
and talks with them. When they, unmindful of thought about 
God, engage in pleasure and dissipation, with admonition 
and counsel she exclaims, ' Gracious God ! how heedless 
ye are : deceived by this existence of a few days' length, ye 
show negligence in thinking upon God. Why are ye not ab- 
sorbed in the remembrance of him ? Do ye not know that 
ye were all born to die, nourished to moulder away, brought 
together to perish ? Ye are building this house that it may 
fall to ruin. How long, deceived by the delights of this world, 
will ye continue occupied in pleasure and dissipation ? In 
the end, to-morrow, 1 ye must die and be buried in the earth. 
Be wise even now ; do ye not know what God Almighty did 
to the "lord of the elephants ?" Abrah, who was chief of 
that band, sought, by stratagem and craft, to raze the house 
of God. Mounting many men upon elephants, he advanced 
towards the temple of God. But in the end God made vain 
his cunning and craft ; he sent 2 swarms upon swarms of 
birds against them. The birds, taking up pebbles, poured 
down such a shower of stones that all of them, together with 
their elephants, were riddled like worm-eaten leaves.' After 
that she exclaims, i O God, preserve me from the hankering 
of boys, and against danger from all animals !' 

" This is the crow, the soothsayer, who reveals hidden mat- 
ters. He is black in colour, and temperate. He gives infor- 
mation about everything which has not as yet transpired. 
He is at all times occupied in meditation upon God, and ever 
passes his days in travel and wayfaring. Going into every 
country, he gets information about ancient annals. He threat- 
ens the heedless with the evils of neglect, and with admonition 
and counsel he cries, ' Observe temperance, and beware of 
1 i.e., very soon. 2 Musallat — appointed, set over: governor, ruler. 



The Swallow. 65 

that day when you will rot in the grave, when from the dis- 
grace of your deeds your skin will be torn off. Now through 
delusion you give the preference to the life in this world over 
that of the next. Having fled from the commands of God, 
there is no resting-place or deliverance for you. If you wish 
for salvation, engage in supplication and prayer ; perhaps 
God, taking compassion, will preserve you from harm/ 

" Here is the swallow, the rover in the air. In flight she is 
light ; her feet are small, and her wings large. She dwells for 
the most part in the houses of men, and there brings up her 
young. Always at dawn and at eve she utters prayers and 
supplications for mercy. In her journeys she proceeds to 
great distances. In the days of heat she chooses her abode 
in cool places, and during the cold in warm places. In her 
praises and prayers she repeats this formula— ' He is holy 
who made the sea and land, who established the mountains, 
and formed the currents of the streams — who according to 
one's deserts predestines sustenance and death, from which 
there is never any deviation. He is the helper of travellers 
in their journeys, and is Lord of all the face of the earth and 
of all creatures/ After this praise and prayer she says, ' I 
have travelled into every country, have seen all the servants 
(of God), and have come back to my own country. He is 
holy, who having brought male and female together, bestowed 
upon them abundant offspring ; and, having brought them 
out from the corner of nonentity, clothed them with the gar- 
ments of existence. Praise is due to Him w r ho is the creator 
of all creatures, and the bestower of all blessings.' 

" The crane, the watchman, is he who stands upon the field. 
His neck is long, his feet short, and in flight he reaches half 
way to heaven. Twice in the night he keeps vigils, and 
in praise of God offers his thanksgiving, and says, ' Holy is 
that God wiio of his powder created a pair of every (species 
of) animal, so that, consorting together, they might propagate 
and beget offspring, and might remember their Creator.' 



66 The Nightingale. 

"And this is the sang-khwara (stone-eater), the inhabitant 
of dry land. He always dwells in woods and deserts. Morn- 
ing and evening he repeats this form (of prayer) — ' Holy is 
He who created the sky and the earth. He is the Maker of 
the heavens, of the constellations and of the stars, and these 
all revolve by His command. The falling of the rain, the 
movement of the air, the manifestation of the thunder and 
lightning, all is His work. He alone upraises from the earth 
the vapours by means of which the economy of the world is 
(maintained). A wonderful Creator is He who after death 
gives life (again) to old rotten bones. Gracious God ! what 
a Creator He is ! The tongue of man is incompetent for His 
praise and eulogy ; how is it possible that the understanding 
should arrive at (a knowledge of) His nature ?' 

" The nightingale of sweet voice is he that is seated on a 
branch of a tree. In body he is small, in motion swift, and 
in voice sweet. After this fashion he melodiously pours forth 
his strain in praise of God — ' Praise be to that Creator who 
is the Lord of power and beneficence. He alone is (God), 
for He has no equal ; the bestower of boons, the giver of all 
blessings, private and public. Like unto the sea, he ungrudg- 
ingly dignifies every man with the bounties of His favour.' 
And sometimes with deep sorrow she speaks in this way — 
* How happy was that time when I roamed about among the 
flowers of the garden, and all the trees were laden with fruits 
of many kinds/ " 

Hereupon the Shah-murgh said to the peacock, " Of all 
these, who in your opinion is the most fitting person to send 
there, that he may go and contend with the men, and be the 
ally of his own species." The peacock said, " All these have 
ability for the duty, because they are poetical and eloquent, 
but the nightingale is the most eloquent and melodious of 
them all." The Shah-murgh directed him (the nightingale) 
to take his departure, and go there, putting his trust in God, 
who is a help and support in every emergency. 



CHAPTER XIII. 

On the matters of the Third Messenger. 

^HE third messenger went to the king-bee, chief of all 
the flies, and recounted to him all the affairs of the 
animals. He, the king of all insects, as soon as he heard 
it, gave orders for all the insects to come before him, In 
consequence of the command, flies, mosquitoes, gadflies, gnats, 
fleas, wasps, moths, and, in fine, all creatures who are small 
in body and fly with wings, and do not live more than one 
year, came and attended. The king set forth to them all the 
information he had heard from the tongue of the messenger, 
and said, " Who is there among you who will go there, and 
dispute with the men on behalf of the animals.' 7 They all 
inquired upon what point the men were boasting over them. 
The messenger said, " They boast upon this point and say, 
' We are larger in size and stature, we have greater strength, 
and in every point we are superior to the animals.' " The chief 
of the wasps said, " I will go there and dispute with the men. 7 ' 
The chief of the flies said, " I will go there, aud act as the 
deputy of my tribe. 77 The chief of the mosquitoes said, " I 
will go there," The chief of the locusts said, " I will go there, 
and, being the ally of my own species, I will discuss (the mat- 
ter) with the men," In this way every one was ready for the 
business, 

The king said, "How is this that ye all, without considera- 
tion and thought, form the project of going there? 77 The 
congregation of gnats said, " O king, there is reliance upon 



68 Consultation of the Insects. 

the help of God, and certain it is that by His aid we shall 
gain the victory over them, because in former times there 
have been very tyrannical kings, but by the help of God we 
have always prevailed over them. Ofttimes there has been 
proof of this." The king said, " State the circumstances." 
The chief of the mosquitoes said, "Among men Nimrod was 
a king of the highest dignity." He was exceedingly arrogant 
and perverse, and in his pomp and dignity and splendour took 
thought of no man. But a gnat of our race, who was very 
small and frail of body, destroyed this king so great. Not- 
withstanding his dignity and might, his power did not avail 
him anything." The king replied, " You speak truly." 

The wasp said, " At the time when a man fully furnished 
with arms, with sword, javelin, spear, knife, and arrow in 
hand, is accoutred (for battle) — if at that time a wasp belong- 
ing to us goes and stings him, and pierces him with a sting 
(only) equal to the point of a needle, then how wretched does 
his state beeome. His body swells up, his hands and feet 
grow languid ; he cannot move, nor does he even take any 
heed of his shield and sword." The king said, " It is true." 

The fly said, " When a king of men sits upon his throne in 
great pomp and splendour, and his doorkeepers and guards 
are standing all around him with the utmost devotion and 
willingness, so that no pain or annoyance may reach him — if 
at that time a fly comes out of his kitchen, or his necessary, 
and, with its body all covered with filth, goes and sits upon 
his person or clothes and teases him, he can never find the 
power to escape from it." The king said, " It is true." 

The mosquito said, " If any man is seated in society or (in 
private) behind his screen, or with the mosquito-curtains 
hung up, and one of our tribe goes and gets into his clothes 
and bites him, then how restless does he become, and what 
a rage he gets into ! But he can do nothing to us ; he can 
only thump his own head, and give slaps to his own cheeks.'' 



Messenger for the Insects. 69 

The king said, "You all speak truly; but in the presence 
of the King of the Jins there is no mention of these things. 
There the dispute is about justice and equity, and manners, 
and morals, and discretion, and eloquence, and fluency. Is 
there any one among you who has ability in these matters ? " 
On hearing this speech of the king, they were all silent, and, 
hanging down their heads, said nothing. 

After that a sage among the flies came out from the con- 
gregation, and, standing before the king, said, " With the 
help of God, I will go upon this business, and there, acting 
as ally of the animals, I will dispute with the men." The 
king and all the assembly said, " May God aid you in the 
matter you have undertaken, and make you victorious over 
the enemy. " In fine, having given to him all provisions for 
the journey, he dismissed him. This sage having departed 
thence, attended in the presence of the King of the Jins, 
where animals of all sorts and kinds were present. 



CHAPTER XIV. 

On the matters of the Fourth Messenger. 

WHEN the fourth messenger went into the presence of 
the phoenix, the king of the birds of prey, and made 
known the circumstances, he also gave orders for all the 
birds of his species to attend. In accordance with the order, 
vultures, phcenices, hawks, falcons, kites, owls, parrots, and, 
in fine, all carnivorous birds having claws and beaks instantly 
presented themselves. The phcenix related to them the 
facts of the animals' dispute. After that he said to his wazir, 
the shunkar, (black-eyed falcon,) "Is there any one of these 
birds who is fit for this business, whom we may send there, 
that he may go and confront the men, and be an ally of his 
own race in this conflict?" The wazir said, " There is no 
one but the owl who has ability for this business." The 
king asked what the reason was that no one besides him was 
fit for the business. 

The wazir said, " Because all birds of prey are afraid of 
men, and fly from them ; and besides, they do not under- 
stand their language. But the owl dwells near their villages, 
and often, indeed, in their old houses which have become 
ruinous. His continence and contentment are such as no 
other animal possesses. By day he fasts and weeps in fear 
of God, and at night also he is absorbed in devotion and in 
arousing the heedless. He laments over former kings who 
are dead, and repeats this verse, appropriate to their condi- 
tion, (Arabic,) ' We have left behind the gardens and foun- 



The Owl. j i 

tains, the houses and cultivated lands, and all the good 
things through which we lived in pleasure, and now other 
people have become the possessors of them.' " x 

The phoenix said to the owl, " What do you say about this 
which the shunkar has settled for you ?" He replied, " The 
shunkar speaks truth ; but still I cannot go there, because 
all men nourish animosity against me, and consider the sight 
of me unlucky, and they cast abuse upon poor innocent me, 
who never did them any harm. If they should see me there 
at the time of the argument they will become still more in- 
imical, and through this animosity the day of battle will 
again arrive. It is better that you should not send me there." 
The phoenix then asked the owl, who among the animals (pre- 
sent) was best fitted for the business ; and he replied, " Kings 
and nobles among men are very fond of hawks, falcons, and 
charghs? and with great fondness seat them on their hands. 
If the king should send one of them there, it would be better." 

The king, looking towards the assemblage of hawks, said, 
"What is advisable in your opinion?" The hawk said, 
" The owl speaks truth. But men do not distinguish us be- 
cause we have any affinity with them, nor because there is any 
great knowledge or gentle manners in us through which they 
should have affection for us. They show a liking for us 
merely for their own benefit ; for they tear away our prey 
from us, and apply it to their own use. Night and day they 
are engaged in amusement and pleasure. Those matters 
which God has made incumbent on them, such as to perform 
their devotions, and to have a dread of the account and books 
of the day of judgment, — for these matters they never show 
any inclination." 

The phoenix said to him, " In your opinion whom is it 
advisable to send ?" He said, " My opinion is, that the par- 
rot should be sent there, because among men, kings and 
1 Kuran, Siirat xliv. v. 24-27. 2 Chargh— a bird of the hawk kind. 



72 The Owl. 

nobles, everybody, small or great, male or female, learned 
or ignorant, is fond of him, and talks with him. Whatever 
he says, they attend and listen to." The king asked the par- 
rot what he thought was advisable. He replied, " I am 
ready. I will go there, and, on the side of the animals, will 
contend with the men ; but I hope that the king, and all this 
congregation, will unite and render me assistance." The 
phcenix inquired what he wished. He replied, " My object is 
that the king should pray to God for me, that I may prevail 
over the enemy." The king, in compliance with his request, 
prayed to God for help, and all the congregation said, Amen. 

The owl said, " O king ! if prayer is not accepted, then 
trouble and labour are in vain, and unless prayer is attended 
with all the requisites, no result follows." The king asked 
what the conditions were for the acceptance of prayer, and 
told him to state them. The owl said, " For the acceptance 
of prayer, sincerity of purpose and purity of heart are neces- 
sary. Like as a person prays to God when in the deepest 
distress, so should one fix the mind upon God at the time of 
prayer. And before offering our (special) prayers, the regular 
form of prayer should be repeated, abstinence should be ob- 
served, and we should show some kindness to the poor and 
needy, and then, whatever our state of grief and sorrow may 
be, we should represent it to the Divine Majesty." All said, 
" He speaks the truth ; in prayer these things are requisite." 

The king said to all the congregation, " Ye know that men 
have so practised violence and oppression over the animals 
that those poor wretches have at their hands been rendered 
exceedingly miserable ; to such a degree, indeed, that, not- 
withstanding our being so far away, they have come to seek 
refuge with us. And we ourselves, notwithstanding that we 
have greater strength and vigour than man, and soar to the 
skies, still we have fled from their tyranny, and have come 
to hide ourselves in the hills and rivers. Our brother the 






Birds of Prey. 73 

shunkar also having fled from their oppression, has gone to 
dwell in the forests, giving up his abode in his own country. 
But with all this even, we cannot get deliverance from their 
tyranny. Having no remedy, the time for a struggle has 
arrived. Although we are so strong that any individual of 
us might, if he liked, take up several men, and make spoil 
of them, still it is not befitting for the good to do such evil, or 
to pay any regard to their wicked conduct. We deliber- 
ately 1 keep aloof, and remit them to God, for in this world 
there is no good in fighting and contending. They will ob- 
tain the fruit and results of it in the world to come." 

After that he said, " How many ships are there which 
have been in distress through adverse winds, and we have 
helped them upon their course ? and how many poor fellows 
are there whose ships have been broken by fierce winds, and 
whom, when they began to sink and to drown, we have 
brought to the shore, so that God Almighty might be satisfied 
and pleased with us, and that we might in this way show our 
gratitude for His mercies ! For He has made us powerful 
in body, and has bestowed upon us vigour and strength, and 
He, under every circumstance, is our aider and helper." 

1 Lit. " having seen and known all." 



CHAPTER XV. 
On the affairs of the Fifth Messenge? . 

WHEN the fifth messenger went into the presence of the 
king of the aquatic animals, and conveyed to him the 
intelligence of the dispute, he also assembled all his depend- 
ents and adherents. Accordingly, the fish, the frog, the 
crocodile, the dolphin, the turtle, &c., all aquatic animals of 
every variety, and of every form and shape, in accordance 
with the command, collected together. The king set forth to 
them all that he had heard from the tongue of the messenger. 
After that he said to the messenger, "If the men consider 
themselves superior to us in strength and courage, I will im- 
mediately go, and in one instant I will spurt out fire on them, 
and then dragging them down by the force of my breath, I 
will swallow them." The messenger replied, " They boast of 
no one of these things, but they consider themselves superior 
in this respect, that they possess the greatest sense and wis- 
dom, that they are acquainted with every science and art, 
and know very many crafts and plans, maintaining that 
there is no equal to them in sense and judgment." 

The king said, " Set forth in detail the facts of their 
science and art, that we also may know them/' The mes- 
senger said, " What ! does not the king know that by their 
science and wisdom they go down into the ocean 1 and bring 
up jewels from its bed ? By their stratagems and artifices 
1 Daryde kulzzim, the ocean, or, in a more restricted sense, the Red Sea. 



Speech of the Dolphin. 75 

they climb up the mountains, and catching vultures and 
eagles, bring them down to the ground. In the same way, by 
their science and wisdom they construct a yoke of poles, and 
placing it upon the shoulders of oxen, they lade heavy goods 
upon their backs, and conduct them from east to west, from 
west to east, traversing every forest and desert. By thought 
and wisdom they build ships, and embarking goods, convey 
them about from sea to sea. Going on to the mountains and 
hills, they dig and extract from the earth jewels of every kind, 
gold, silver, iron, copper, and a great variety of things. If a 
man goes to the bank of any rivulet, river, or stream, he can 
by the force of his knowledge bind such a charm that if a 
thousand crocodiles or dragons should afterwards go to that 
place, it would not be possible for them to enter there. But 
before the King of the Jins the discussion is about justice 
and equity, argument and proof ; there is no mention what- 
ever of power and strength, stratagem and artifice." 

When the king heard all this from the mouth of the mes- 
senger, he looked intently all round upon those who were 
sitting around and before him, and asked what in their 
opinion was the best course, and if there was any one who 
would go and contend with the men. No one gave any 
answer except the dolphin, who dwells in the salt sea, and is 
exceedingly friendly with men ; for when a person is drown- 
ing he drags him from the water and places him on the shore. 
He represented, " Among aquatic animals the fish is best 
fitted for this work, because she is large in body and good in 
figure ; she has a fair face, white colour, and straight body ; 
she is swift in motion, and in swimming surpasses every- 
thing ; in numbers she exceeds all aquatic creatures, and her 
offspring is so abundant that every river and stream, sea and 
lake are filled. And she holds a high position also in the 
opinion of men, because on one occasion she gave refuge in 
her belly to their prophet, and afterwards brought him to his 



7 7 6 The Crab. 

home in safety. All men hold the belief that all the earth 
rests upon her back." 

The king asked the fish what she had to say about it, and 
she replied, " I cannot in any way go there, nor can I either 
contend with the men, because I have no feet wherewith to 
get there, nor have I any tongue wherewith to talk to them. 
I cannot endure thirst ; if for one instant I am parted from 
the water, my state becomes miserable. In my opinion the 
turtle is better fitted for the business, because he goes out of 
the water and stays also on dry land ; dwelling in the sea or 
on the land is all one to him. And besides this, his body is 
strong and his back hard ; he is exceedingly patient and 
enduring under trouble and pain." 

The king asked the turtle what he thought advisable, and 
he said, " This work is impossible for me also. When I walk 
my feet become heavy, and the way is far. I am also a poor 
talker, and long speeches are impossible for me. The dolphin 
is better suited for this, because he is very vigorous in his 
movements, and has great powers of speech." 

The king asked the dolphin what he thought advisable. 
He said, "The crab is best fitted for this business, because 
he has many feet, is swift in walking and running, his talons 
are sharp, his claws hard, and his back strong as if covered 
with armour." The king spoke to the crab, and he replied, 
" How can I go there ? my body is ugly, my back crooked, 
my figure exceedingly bad. I should not like for there to be 
a laugh against me." The king said, * { Why should there be 
derision of you ? what fault is there in you ? " The crab said, 
" When they see me they will all say, who is this headless 
animal ? he has eyes in his neck, a mouth in his breast, his 
cheeks are split open on both sides, he has got eight legs and 
they are crooked, and he goes along face downwards as if 
made of lead. All when they see me will crack jokes upon 
me." The king said, " Who then is better fitted to go there ? " 



The Crocodile, J J 

The crab said, "In my opinion the crocodile is very well 
fitted for this business, because his legs are very strong, 
and he has plenty of action. He is swift in running, his 
mouth is large, his tongue long, his teeth numerous, his body 
hard, he is very patient, to gain his object he waits a long 
while, and shows no rashness in anything." The king asked 
the crocodile, and he replied, " I am not at all fitted for this 
work, because there is great passion in me. Leaping, jump- 
ing, and running away with whatever I can get, — these are 
all defects of mine ; and, in fine, I am a thorough cheat and 
impostor," When the messenger heard this he said, " For 
going on this business there is no need of strength, vigour, 
or trickery,but sense and gravity, justice and equity, eloquence 
and fluency are the things required." 

The crocodile said, " There is no one of these qualities 
and merits in me ; but in my opinion the frog is the test 
person for this business, because he is mild and patient and 
devout ; night and day he utters praises in commemoration 
of God, and morn and eve he is engaged in prayer and fast- 
ing. He goes also into the houses of men. In the estimation 
of the children of Israel his worth and honour are great, 
because once upon a time he showed them this kindness, that 
when Nimrod cast Abraham, the friend of God, into the fire, 
he took water in his mouth and squirted it on the fire, so that 
the fire was extinguished, and took no effect upon his body. 
And at another time, when there was a conflict between Moses 
and Pharaoh, he assisted Moses. And he is eloquent also ; 
he utters many words, and is ever engaged in praising, mag- 
nifying, and glorifying (God). He roams about both on the 
land and in the water, moving on the land and swimming in 
the water ; all this he knows. His members also are appro- 
priate ; his head is round, his face good, his eyes bright, his 
hands and feet large, in movement he is swift, and he goes 
into the houses of men and shows no fear." 



yS Appointment of the Frog. 

The king said to the frog, " What is the best course in 
your opinion ?" He said, " I am ready, heart and soul, 1 and 
I am the king's subject ; whatever order he may give is 
agreeable to me. If it is decided that I am to go there, it is 
quite agreeable to me. I having there taken the part of my 
own fellows, will contend with the men. But I hope that the 
king will pray to God for aid and assistance to me, because 
the prayers of kings on behalf of their subjects are accepted." 
In compliance with his request, the king prayed to God, and 
all the congregation said, Amen. Then the frog took leave 
of the king, and proceeding thither, he presented himself 
before the King of the Jins. 

i Ba sar o chashm — lit., " with my head and eyes." 



CHAPTER XVI. 
hi description of the Sixth Messenger. 

WHEN the sixth messenger went to the dragon, king of 
all the reptiles — i.e., chief of all the worms 1 and ants — 
and told him all the circumstances of the animals, he as soon 
as he heard it, directed that all the worms should attend. 
Instantly all snakes, scorpions, chameleons, lizards, green 
lizards, spiders, lice, small ants, earthworms, and, in fine, all 
worms which are produced in filth, and crawl upon the leaves 
of trees, all came and attended before the king. In such 
multitudes did they assemble that no one but God could have 
the power to count them. When the king beheld their won- 
derful and extraordinary forms and shapes, he was amazed, 
and remained silent for a moment. Afterwards, when hav- 
ing attentively considered and looked upon them, he per- 
ceived that there were very many creatures small and feeble 
in body, and deficient in instinct and intelligence. He 
became serious (and asked), "What can be done with these ?" 
He said to his minister, the serpent, " In your opinion, is 
there any one among them sufficiently clever to send there 
on the business of the dispute, so that he may confront the 
men ? for these creatures are for the most part dumb, deaf, 
and blind; they have no hands or feet at all, there is neither 
hair nor feather visible on their bodies, they have no beaks 
or claws, and for the most part they are weak and feeble." 
1 Kir a — a worm, grub, insect. 



80 The Worms. 

In fine, the king felt great distress and sorrow for their 
state. Incontrollably he sighed in his heart, and began to 
weep in grief. Looking towards heaven, he preferred this 
prayer to God, saying, " O Creator and Provider, Thou alone 
takest compassion on the state of the feeble. In Thy grace 
and beneficence look upon the condition of these, for Thou 
art the most merciful of the merciful." At length, through 
the prayers of the king all the creatures who were there 
assembled began to speak with great eloquence and fluency. 



CHAPTER XVII. 

Report of the Locust's Speech. 

WHEN the locust saw that the king showed great con- 
sideration and kindness to his people, ascending by 
the wall and attuning his voice, 1 he began to sing in praise 
of God, with very sweet notes ; and he delivered this oration 
with great eloquence and elocution : — " Praise and thanks 
are due to that True Benefactor who produced upon the 
earth blessings of all sorts and kinds ; who by His omnipo- 
tence having brought the animals forth from the corner of non- 
entity into the expanse of existence, has bestowed upon them 
divers forms. He existed before time and place, earth and 
sky. He was resplendent by the light of His unity, free from 
the stain of subordinate existence. 2 He from simple light, 
without the admixture of matter or form, created the active 
intellect ; moreover, by the simple utterance of one ' be,' 
having brought it from behind the veil of nothingness, He 
established it in the arena of existence." 

After that he said, " O king ! sorrow not for the weakness 
and impotence of this species, because their Creator who 
formed them and provided sustenance (for them) is always 
mindful of them. Like as parents show tenderness and kind- 
ness to their offspring, so does He also exhibit compassion 
for the state of these (insects). For when God created the 
animals and devised different forms and shapes for all of 

1 Sdz-karnd — to attune, to make to accord. 

2 i.e., He shone in His own self-existent glory, not drawing His ex- 
istence from any other being. 



82 Speech of the Locust. 

them, He bestowed strength upon some, but kept others 
weak ; to some He gave bulky forms and to others small 
bodies ; but in His generosity and beneficence He has kept 
them all equal. To every one of them he has given suitable 
means for securing advantage, and weapons for the repelling 
of injury. 

" In this blessing all are equal, no one has any superiority 
over another. When He gave to the elephant a bulky form, 
and bestowed upon him enormous strength, He also made 
for him two long tusks, by means of which he is preserved 
from the ferocity of rapacious beasts ; and by his trunk he 
obtains benefit. If He gave to the gnat a little body, then 
as a substitute He granted to him two wings, exceedingly fine 
and light, by means of which he flies and escapes from his 
enemies. All, small and great, are equal in that blessing by 
means of which they secure advantage and remain preserved 
from violence. 

" In like manner, he has not deprived of this blessing even 
this species which outwardly appear to have no hair or 
feathers. When God created them in this state He provided 
for them all the means by which they might secure benefit 
and remain safe from violence. If the king, having reflected, 
would look upon the facts respecting them, then it would be 
seen that those among them who are small in body and are 
feeble, are light and fearless in flight, so that they remain 
safe from every injury and are not disturbed about obtaining 
what is beneficial. 

" Among animals in general those who are large in body 
and have great strength, they by means of their strength and 
courage keep off injury from themselves, like the elephant 
and lion, and other animals besides them who have large 
bodies and great strength. Some by ♦fleet running and by 
flight remain secure from every danger, like the stag, the 
hare, the wild ass, &c. ; and some by means of flying remain 



Speech of the Locust. 83 

in security from all horrors, like the birds ; and some by diving 
in the sea preserve themselves from peril, like the aquatic 
animals. 

"And there are some which lie concealed in holes, like 
rats and. ants. Thus God Almighty speaks in the story of 
the ant, and says, ' The chief of the ants said to all the ants, 
" Keep concealed in your respective dwellings, that Solomon 
and his army may not crush you under foot, for they do not 
know (where you are). 1 And there are some whose skin and 
hide God has made very hard, by means of which they are 
preserved from every evil, like the turtle, fish, and those 
animals which are aquatic. And there are some who, by 
hiding their heads under their tails, remain safe from every 
injury, such as the porcupine. 2 

" And there are very many ways also by which those 
animals obtain their subsistence. Some by keenness of 
vision see, and by power of wing fly, and wherever they see 
anything to eat, thither they proceed, like the vulture and 
eagle. And some by smelling seek their food, like the ants. 
When God created these animals which are very small and 
feeble, and did not give them the instinct and means for 
gaining their daily food, He of His kindness relieved them 
from that labour and trouble. 

" Other animals are subject to the labour and trouble of 
running away and hiding ; but these (insects) are saved from 
that work, because they are produced in such dwellings and 
hidden places as are known to no one, Some are found in the 
grass, some are hidden in grain, some are placed in the 
bellies of animals, and some in dirt and filth ; and for every 
one there is provided its food in that very place, without (the 
necessity of) sense or motion, pain or toil. The power of 
suction has been giveji to them, by means of which they, ex- 

1 Kuran, Siirat xxvii. v. 18. 

2 Khdr-pisht — " thorn-back," porcupine or hedgehog. 



84 Speech of the Locust. 

tracting the juices, make them the food of their bodies ; and 
through the effect of those juices strength remains in their bodies. 

" Other animals wander about in search of food and run 
away from danger ; but these are saved from that labour and 
pain, because God has not provided them with hands and 
feet to walk about and gain their daily food, nor has He 
given them a mouth or teeth to eat with, nor a throat through 
which to swallow, nor a stomach in which to digest, nor 
entrails and guts in which the ordure may be collected, nor 
a liver to purify the blood, nor a spleen to suck up the gall 
of black melancholy, nor kidneys or bladder to draw off the 
urine, nor veins for the blood to run in, nor folds in the brain 
by which to give soundness of instinct. They are subject to 
no one of the chronic diseases, nor have they any need of 
physic. In short, they are exempt from all those evils to 
which great and powerful animals are subject. Holy is that 
God who, of His omnipotence, conveyed them to the object 
of their need, and preserved them from every annoyance and 
pain. Praise and thanks are due to Him who bestowed such 
blessings." 

When the locust closed this speech, the dragon said, 
" May God bestow a blessing on thy eloquence and elocu- 
tion ; thou are exceedingly eloquent and fluent, learned and 
intelligent/' After that he said, " Art thou able to go there 
and contend with the men ? " and he replied, " I am ready, 
heart and soul. At the command of the king I will go there 
and be the helper of my brethren." The snake said to him, 
" You must not say there that you have been sent by the 
dragon and the snake." The locust asked the reason of 
that, and he said, " Because there exists from of old an un- 
bounded animosity and enmity between men and snakes ; to 
such a degree indeed, that some men eyen cast censure upon 
God, saying, ' Why did He create them ? there is no good at 
all in them : on the contrary, they are from beginning to end 
injurious and hurtful'" 



The Snake. 85 

The locust said, "Why do they say this?" He replied, 
" Because they say that there is poison in our mouths, and 
that we are of no use except (to cause) the destruction and 
death of animals. But they babble thus stupidly through 
their ignorance and silliness ; they know nothing about the 
true nature and value of anything ; consequently God has 
distressed them with tortures. In reality, however, they all 
have need of these (snakes), to such a degree that kings and 
nobles keep the poison of these animals in their rings that it 
may be useful on occasion. If they would carefully consider, 
and would ascertain the facts and the uses of these animals, 
and would learn what is the use of this poison which is in 
their mouths, then they would never ask why God made 
them, and say there is no good in them ; nor would they cast 
absurd censure upon God. Although God has made the 
poison of these (snakes) the cause of the death of animals, 
He has, on the other hand, made their flesh the means of 
counteracting that poison." 

The locust said, " O sage ! set forth some other (of their) 
benefits." The snake said, " When God created those ani- 
mals of which you have made mention in your discourse, and 
gave to every species of animal the means and implements 
by the aid of which they might attain to what is beneficial 
and be secure from danger, to some He gave a warm stomach, 
that the food, after being masticated might be digested and 
become a part of their bodies. But the snake has no stomach 
in which to digest, nor any teeth by whose strength he can 
chew, but instead there is formed in his mouth a hot venom 
by means of which snakes eat and digest. For when the 
snake takes the flesh of any animal into its mouth, he casts 
upon it this hot venom ; then the flesh instantly dissolves, and 
he swallows it. So if God Almighty had not made this 
venom in their mouths, how would they have been able to 
eat anything? Nourishment would not have been in any 

F 



86 The Snake. 

way procurable ; they would have perished from hunger, and 
no snake would be seen in the world." 

The locust said, " Explain this ! What benefit reaches 
animals from these (snakes), and what good arises from their 
being upon the earth?" He said, "Just as benefit arises 
from the creation of other animals, so there is advantage 
gained from these also." The locust asked him to explain 
this matter fully, and he replied, " When God Almighty 
created all the world, He perfected every individual thing 
according to His own pleasure. Throughout the creation 
He made some creatures for the sake of others, and accord- 
ing to His wisdom He furnished them with (necessary) in- 
struments. He did whatever he knew to be for the welfare 
of the world, but ever and anon, from some cause or other, 
mischief or injury happens to some. It is not that God 
Almighty involves them in this mischief, although to His 
wisdom the harm and evil of everything is manifest and 
open : but it is rather that it is not the habit and custom of 
the Creator to refrain from making anything which may tend 
to the comfort and happiness of the generality of the world 
because of its being injurious to a few. 

" The explanation of it is this — When God Almighty formed 
all the stars, among their number he made the sun to be a 
lamp for the world, and caused its warmth to be the cause of 
the life of all creatures. In the whole universe the sun occu- 
pies a similar position to that of the heart in the body. Just 
as the natural heat is produced in the heart, and, spreading 
through the whole body, is the cause of its life, so from the 
heat of the sun also there is benefit to (all) creation. If ever 
through the sun injury and damage in any way occur to a 
few beings, it is not right for the Creator to set aside the sun, 
and deprive the world in general of an universal blessing and 
consummate benefit. 

" The same is the case of Saturn, Mars, and all the stars, 
through whom there comes prosperity and happiness to the 



The Snake. 8y 

world, although in a few inauspicious hours, through an ex- 
cess of heat or cold, injury happens to some (beings). In the 
same way God Almighty sends the clouds in every direction 
for the benefit of His creatures, although at divers times 
affliction falls upon animals in consequence of them, or the 
houses of the poor are destroyed by excessive inundations. 

"The same is the case of all carnivorous and graminivorous 
animals — of snakes, scorpions, fish, crocodiles, and insects. 
Some of these he has formed in filth and corruption, that the 
air may remain pure from pollution. Oh, may it never hap- 
pen that the air should be poisoned by the exhalation of 
noxious vapours, and that cholera should come into the world, 
and that all creatures should perish at once. It is for this 
reason that all maggots and insects are generally produced 
in the shops of butchers and fishmongers, and that they live 
in filth. When these creatures are engendered in impurity, 
whatever was the essence of that impurity they make their 
food ; the air becomes pure, and people are saved from cholera. 
And the little maggots are the food of the big maggots, for 
these devour them. 

" In fine, God Almighty created nothing which is useless. 
Those who do not perceive the use (of a thing) cast reflections 
upon God, and say, ' Why did He create it? there is no use in 
it J But in truth this is all stupidity and ignorance, for those 
who throw unmerited aspersions on the works of God, know 
nothing of His art and power. I have heard that some fool- 
ish people hold the opinion that the kindness of God is in 
accordance with the position of the moon. 1 If they would 
consider and reflect upon the circumstances of all existing 
things, they would learn that His favour and kindness is com- 
mon to every one, small and great — for from His most boun- 
teous source gracious favours proceed for all creatures Every 
one, according to his capacity, accepts His bounty." 
1 Lit. "Does not deviate from the orbit of the moon." 



CHAPTER XVIII. 

Account of the Assembling of the Animals' Representatives. 

T N the morning, the representatives of all the animals, 
■*■ having come from every country, assembled together, and 
the King of the Jins came and sat in the public hall to decide 
the quarrel. The attendants, in obedience to orders, made 
proclamation — " Let all the complainants and seekers of re- 
dress, upon whom tyranny has been exercised, come forward 
and attend, for the King has taken his seat to pass a decision 
in the case, and the judges and lawyers are in attendance." 

As soon as this notice was heard all the animals and men, 
who had assembled from every side, fell into ranks and stood 
before the King — making their obeisances and paying their 
respects, they began to offer their benedictions. The King 
regarded every side, and perceived that a multitude * of every 
sort and kind, in great numbers, was in attendance. Lost in 
astonishment, he remained silent for a moment. After that, 
turning towards a sage of the Jins, he said, " Do you see this 
wonderful <md extraordinary assemblage of beings ? " 

He said, " O King, I see and behold them with the eye of 
my heart. The King, having seen them, is amazed, but I am 
wondering over the wisdom and power of that all-wise Creator 
who created them, and formed for them shapes of so many 
varieties and kinds. He always nourishes them, and gives 
them sustenance. He preserves them from every danger ; 
moreover, they are (ever) present to His omnipresent know- 
1 Khilkat — lit. "a creation." 



Sitting of the Court. 89 

ledge, for when God Almighty concealed Himself from the 
eyes of men of discernment behind the veil of His splendour, 
where the imaginations of thought and fancy cannot reach, 
He made manifest those miracles that every person of intelli- 
gence might behold them ; and whatever there was behind 
his veil of mystery he brought forth into the field of visibility, 
that men of perception, having seen it, might acknowledge 
His miraculous art, His incomparability, might, and unity, 1 
and should not be in want of proofs and arguments. 

" And the forms which are visible in the corporeal world 
are the similitudes and counterparts of those forms which exist 
in the world of spirits. But the forms which are in that world 
are bright and transparent, and these are dark and dense. 
Like as in pictures, there is a resemblance in every limb to 
the animals of which they are portraits, in the same way these 
forms also bear a likeness to those forms which exist in the 
world of spirits ; but those forms are motive powers, while 
these are set in motion. 2 Those creatures which are lower in 
degree than these are without instinct, motion, and tongue, 
whilst these have instincts. Those forms which are in the 
eternal world live eternally, but these are mortal and perish- 
able." 

After that he stood up and delivered this speech — " Praise 
is due to that Creator who by His omnipotence made all 
creatures manifest, and produced in this world a creation of 
so many varieties and kinds ; who having brought into exist- 
ence all those created things to (the comprehension of) which 
the intelligence of no created being can attain, He displayed 
to the eye of every man of discernment the splendour of the 
light of His miraculous art. Having bounded the expanse 
of the world on six sides, He made time and place for the 
comfort of (His) creatures. Having formed many degrees in 
the heavens, he appointed angels to each. On animals he 
1 Yaktdi — oneness. 2 Active and passive. 



90 Opening Speech. 

bestowed forms and shapes of many varieties, and from the 
bountiful house of (His) munificence He granted them bless- 
ings of every sort and kind. To those who pray and suppli- 
cate with tears He has of His boundless favour granted the 
honour of near approach (to Himself) ; but those who allow 
their finite intellects to pry into His nature he has hurled 
amazed and stupified into the valley of perdition. 

" Having, prior to Adam, formed the Jins from burning fire, 
He gave them surprising and transparent forms ; and bring- 
ing forth all creatures from the hidden chambers of non- 
entity, He bestowed upon them divers qualities and different 
ranks. To some He gave a dwelling-place in the highest of 
the highest heavens, some He cast down into the lowest 
depths, and some He placed between these two degrees. And 
every one in this bed-chamber of the world He has led by the 
lamp of prophecy into the royal road of salvation. Praise 
and thanks be to Him who dignified us with the grandeur of 
the true faith and Islam, and made us rulers on the face of 
the earth, and allotted to our kings the blessings of knowledge 
and clemency." 

When the sage had finished the delivery of this discourse, 
the King looked towards the congregation of the men. Seventy 
men were standing there, all different in person, and clothed 
in many sorts of garments. Among them there was visible 
a handsome person, erect in stature, whose whole body was 
symmetrical. He (the King) asked the wazir who this person 
was, and he replied, " He is an inhabitant of Iran, and lives 
in the territory of 'Irak." The King said, "Tell him to say 
something." The wazir made a sign to him. He, having 
paid his respects, delivered a speech, of which this is the 
epitome : — 

" Praise be to God, who for our dwelling-place gave us 
those cities and villages whose climate is superior to that 
of the whole world, and who bestowed on us superiority over 



SpeecJi of the 'Iraki. 91 

most of His servants. Praise and laudation be to Him who 
gave us intellect and intelligence, thought, wisdom, and pru- 
dence ; all those various talents, under whose guidance we 
established rare arts and wonderful sciences. He gave to us 
empire and prophecy ; from our race all these prophets were 
born, Noah, Enoch, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad 
the Pure, (the peace of God be upon him, and rest !) In our 
tribe many kings of great dignity have been born, Faridun, 
Darius, Ardashir, Bahram, Naushirwan, and several kings of 
the Sassanian line, who regulated the kingdom and govern- 
ment, army and people. We are the quintessence of all men, 
and men are the quintessence of animals. Briefly, of the 
whole world we are the essence of the essence. 1 Praise is 
due to him who bestowed upon us the most perfect blessings, 
and gave us talents surpassing all living beings/' 

When this man had ended the delivery of his oration, the 
King looked towards all the sages of the Jins, and said, 
" Have you any answer to give to this man who has set forth 
his own excellences, and has made his boast of them ?" 
They all said, " He speaks the truth." But the Sahibu-l "azi- 
mat who did not allow any one to speak before (he had said) 
his own say, turned towards- the man, and wanted to give an 
answer to all those statements, and to detail the ignominy 
and errors of the men. Addressing the sages, he said, " This 
man has omitted many matters in his speech, and has made 
no mention of several great kings." The King told him to 
state them. 

He said : — " This 'Iraki has omitted to say in his speech, 
through us the Deluge came upon the world, and as many 
animals as were on the face of the earth were all drowned — 
men of our race excited great discord, their intellects were 
deranged, and all the wise men were bewildered. Among 
us, Ximrod, the tyrannical king, was born, who cast Abraham 
1 Crtme de la creme. 



of the Hindu. 

the friend of God into the fire. From our race Nebuchad- 
nezzar appeared, who destroyed the Holy Temple of Jerusa- 
lem, committed the Old Testament to the flames, slaugh- 
tered the descendants of Solomon the son of David, and all 
the children of Israel, and drove out the race of 'Adnan from 
the banks of the Euphrates into the woods and mountains. 
He was very tyrannical and bloodthirsty, and was always 
engaged in bloodshed."' 

The King said. " Why should this man have stated all 
i matters ? There was no benefit to him from so speak- 
ing ; rather it is all a condemnation of himself." The . 
bu-l 'azimat replied, '* It is far from justice and equity that at 
the time of a dispute one should set forth all one's own ex- 
cellences and conceal one's faults, making neither repentance 
nor apology 

After this the King again looked towards the assembly of 
men, and among them there appeared a person of wheat- 
coloured complexion, thin, slender, with a long beard, and a 
waist-cloth fastened by a red string round his loins. He 
asked the wazir who it was ? and he replied, " This is a 
Hindu, who dwells in the island of Ceylon." The King 
said, " Tell him also to relate something about his affairs."' 
Accordingly, in compliance with the King's command, he 
also spake : — 

" Thanks are due to Him who for us granted an extensive 
and superior country, where the nights and days are always 
equal, where there is never excess of cold or heat, where the 
temperature is agreeable, the trees fine and green, the grass 
all medicinal, the mines of jewels endless, the herbage edible 
vegetables, the wood sugar-cane, the pebbles rubies and 
topazes, the animals fat and sleek, such as the elephant, 
which is fatter and bigger in body than all beasts. Adam 
also draws his origin from thence, and in like manner all 
animals — for the source of all is under the equator. In our 



Speech of the Syrian. 93 

cities many prophets and sages have appeared. God Almighty 
has imparted to us many wonderful and extraordinary arts ; 
astrology, magic, and divination — all these sciences he gave 
to us. He made the mien of our country superior to all in art 
and merit." The Sdhibu-V azimat said, " If he had introduced 
(these facts) also into his speech, i We burnt our bodies, 
worshipped idols, children were born (among us) from the pre- 
valence of fornication ; and we have all become depraved and 
disgraced/ then it would have been consonant with equity." 

After that the King beheld a man, tall in stature, wrapped 
in a yellow sheet, holding in his hand a written paper ; look- 
ing at it, and moving backwards and forwards, he makes 
gestures. He asked the wazir who the person was ? and he 
said, " This is a Hebrew of the tribe of the children of Israel, 
and an inhabitant of Syria." The King said, " Tell him to say 
something," and the wazir gave him the sign (to speak;. He 
in accordance with the direction delivered a long speech, 
the pith and essence of which is this : — " Praise is due to 
that Creator who bestowed on the children of Israel a degree 
of excellence above all the progeny of Adam. In their race 
also he bestowed the prophetical office upon Moses, the 
speaker with God. 1 Praise and thanks be to Him who made 
us the followers of such a prophet, and granted for us bless- 
ings of many sorts and kinds." The Sdhibu-l "azimat said, 
" Why does he not say this, ' God in his anger having trans- 
formed us, made us monkeys and bears, and on account of 
our idolatry cast us into ignominy and wretchedness ?'" 

After that the King again looked towards the assemblage 
of men. There appeared a man in woollen garments, with 
a belt fastened round his waist, and a censer in his hand, in 
which he kept burning incense, and making smoke. He 
spoke something in modulated tones, and in a loud voice. 2 
The King asked the wazir who he was ? and he replied, 
1 "Who spoke with God." - Intoning. 



94 SpeecJi of the Kuraishi. 

" This is a Syrian, who is of the religion of the Lord Jesus.*' 
The King directed that he should be told to say something. 
The Syrian, in accordance with the order, delivered a speech 
of which this is the substance : " Praise be to that Creator, 
who having produced the Lord Jesus from the womb of 
Mary without a father, gave to him the miraculous gift of 
prophecy, and through him cleansed the children of Israel 
from their sins, and made us his followers and adherents. 
He produced in our race many sages and saints, and has 
planted in our hearts mercy, kindness, and love of devotion. 
Praise be to Him who has given us such blessings. Besides 
these there are many other excellences in us of which I have 
made no mention. 7 * The Sdhibu-V azimat said, "It is true, 
but he has forgotten to say this : " We have not discharged 
the duty of serving Him ; we have become infidels ; we 
pay worship to the crucifix ; we eat the flesh of swine after 
offering them in sacrifice ; and we have used deceit and 
calumny against God.* '* 

After him the King beheld a man, thin, slender, wheat- 
coloured, wearing a waist-cloth, and wrapped in a sheet, 
standing before him. The King asked who it was ? and the 
wazir said he was a man of the tribe of Kuraish, and an in- 
habitant of Mecca. The King directed that he also should 
be told to communicate some particulars of his affairs ; and 
in accordance with the order he said, " Praise is due to that 
God who sent for our sakes the delegated prophet Muhammad 
the Pure, (may the peace of God be upon him, and rest !) and 
brought us into his religion. He ordained the reading of the 
Kuran, the five-fold order of prayer, the fast of the Ramzan, 
the pilgrimage (to Mecca and Medina), and alms. He gave 
to us many excellences and blessings, such as the night of 
power, 1 public prayer, and theological sciences ; and he gave 

1 IMlatiCl-Kadr, a feast in celebration of the night when the Kuran 
began to descend. 



SpeccJi of the Greek. 95 

to us the promise of bringing us into paradise. Praise be to 
him who bestowed upon us such blessings. Besides these 
there are many other excellences in us, the detail of which 
would be very prolix." The Sahibu-l ^azimat said, " Why 
does he not also say, ' After the (time of the) Prophet we 
abandoned religion, became hypocrites, 1 and for love of this 
world slew the Imams V " 

The King again looked towards the assemblage of men, 
and he perceived a man of fair complexion holding an 
astrolabe and astronomical instruments in his hand. He 
asked the wazir who it was, and was told the person was a 
Greek, 2 an inhabitant of the land of Ionia. The King directed 
that he should be told to narrate some of his circumstances ; 
and accordingly, in consequence of this command, he said, 
" Praise is due to Him who gave us perfections beyond most 
of His creatures ; in our land He has produced fruits and 
good things of all kinds and varieties. Through His favour 
and beneficence he has imparted to us wonderful sciences 
and extraordinary arts. He has taught us to discover the 
value of everything, to make astronomical instruments, and 
learn the economy of the heavens, the science of astronomy, 
arithmetic, astrology, geomancy, physic, logic, philosophy, 
and many other sciences besides these." 

The Sdhibii-l 'azimat said, " It is vain that you boast about 
these sciences, because you did not found these sciences by 
your own wisdom, but you learnt them from the learned men 
of the children of Israel in the days of Ptolemy, and you ac- 
quired several sciences from the learned men of Egypt in the 
days of Samistiyn'ts. After that, having given them currency 
in your country, you now attribute them to yourselves." The 
king asked the Greek sage, " What is this which he says ?" 
and he replied, " It is true we have acquired many sciences 

1 Munafik — more strongly, "atheists." 2 Rumi. 



g6 Speech of the Kharasani. 

from ancient sages, just as many people now learn from us. 
The course of operation in this world 1 is that benefit accrues 
to one person from another. Thus the learned of Persia ac- 
quired the sciences of astrology and astronomy from the 
sages of India, and in the same way the children of Israel 
got the sciences of magic and enchantment from Solomon, 
the son of David." 

After that a person appeared in the last rank, robust in 
form, wearing a long beard, and looking with earnest faith 
towards the sun. The King asked who he was ; and the 
wazir said he was a Khurasanf. The King directed that he 
should be told to mention some few facts about himself. 
Accordingly, in obedience to the command, he said, " Praise 
be to God, who has given us many kinds of blessings and 
distinctions. He has made our country to excel all countries 
in the extent of its prosperity, and by the mouth of His pro- 
phet He has introduced our praise into the Divine Word. 
Thus there are many verses of the Kuran which bear testi- 
mony to our eminence and virtues. Verily, praise is due to 
Him who has given to us a faculty of religion greater than 
to any other men. Because among us there are many who 
read the Bible and Gospel, although they do not understand 
the meaning of them, and besides, they consider the pro- 
phetic power of the Lords Moses and Jesus to be a verity. 
And some read the Kuran, although they do not understand 
its import ; but still they acknowledge in their hearts the 
religion of the prophet of the latter days. We put on mourn- 
ing garments in sorrow for Imam Husain, and we exacted 
the requital of blood from those who caused him to be slain ; 
and from His grace we are hopeful that the appearance of 
the Imam of the latter days 2 will be in our country." 

The King looked towards the sages and said, " What 
reply have you to make to this man, who has vaunted 
i Kdr-khdna — lit., workshop. 2 The Imam Mahdf. 



Close of the Sitting. 97 

his glory and dignity ?" A sage said, " If they had not 
been fornicators, adulterers, and cruel men, and had not 
worshipped the sun and moon, then these matters would 
indeed have been a ground of boast." When all the men 
had finished stating their respective dignities and talents, 
the court attendants cried aloud, " Gentlemen, the evening 
has now come ; you are dismissed ; attend again in the 
morning." 



CHAPTER XIX. 

On the matters of the Lion. 

ON the third day, as all the men and animals were stand- 
ing in ranks before the King, he looked towards them 
all, and the jackal appeared in the front. He asked, " Who 
art thou ?" and he replied, " I am the representative of the 
animals." The king said, " Who sent thee ?" and he said, 
" The Lion AMI Haris sent me." He said, " What country 
does he dwell in ? and who are his subjects ?" The jackal 
said, "He dwells in the woods and wilds, and all beasts and 
cattle are his subjects." He asked. " Who are his allies ?" 
The jackal said, " The hunting leopard, the hog-deer, the 
stag, the hare, the fox, and the wolf, all are his friends and 
allies." The king said, " Describe his figure and character." 
The jackal said, " He is bigger in form than all animals, and 
superior in strength ; in awe and dignity he surpasses all ; 
his bosom is broad, his waist fine, his head large, his fetlocks 
strong, his teeth and claws hard, his voice loud, and his form 
terrific. No man or animal is able, through fear, to go in 
front of him. He is upright in every matter, and has no 
want of friends and allies for any business. He is so generous 
that when he has taken prey he divides it among all animals, 
and he himself eats according to his necessity. When he 
sees a light from a distance he goes and stands near it, and 
then his rage abates. He rends neither woman nor child. 
He has a great liking and love of music. He is afraid of 
nothing except the ant, for this insect prevails over him and 



The Lion. 99 

his offspring, like as the gnat prevails over elephants and 
bulls, and the fly over man." The King said, " What sort of 
treatment does he exhibit towards his subjects ?" He said, 
" He shows great kindness and attention to his subjects ;" 
and after this he said, " I will set forth at length his pecu- 
liarities." 



CHAPTER XX. 

Account of the Dragon (Sudan) and Sea-serpent (Tinm'n). 

A FTER that the King cast his regards on the right hand 
2 *- and on the left, when suddenly a voice fell upon his 
ear. He perceived the locust imparting motion to his two 
wings, and singing with an exceedingly soft voice. He asked 
him who he was, and he replied, " I am the representative of 
all the worms and ants, and their king sent me hither." He 
asked him who he (the king) was, and where he dwelt, and 
he answered, " His name is Dragon ; he dwells upon high 
hills and mountains near the region of cold, where there are 
no clouds or rain, and no vegetation at all. Animals perish 
there from the severity of the cold." The King asked who were 
his army and subjects, and he said, " All snakes, scorpions, 
&c, are his army and subjects, and they live in every place 
upon the face of the earth." The King asked why he had 
separated from his army and subjects, and had gone to live 
upon such an acclivity. He answered, " Because there is a 
poison in his mouth, from the heat of which all his body 
burns. Through the coldness of the icy region he dwells 
there in comfort." The King told him to describe his ap- 
pearance and character. He answered, " His appearance 
and character are exactly like those of the sea-serpent." 

The King said, " Does any one know the qualities of the 
sea-serpent so as to describe them ? " The locust said, " The 
frog, who is the ambassador of the aquatic animals, is in 
attendance in the presence ; deign to inquire of him." The 



The Sea- Serpent. 101 

King looked towards him. He was standing on a hillock by 
the side of the sea, and was engaged in prayer and praise. 
The King asked him who he was, and he said, " I am the 
ambassador of the king of the aquatic animals." The King- 
then commanded him to communicate his name and abode. 1 
The frog said, " His name is ' Sea-Serpent;' he dwells in the 
salt sea ; all the aquatic animals, turtles, fish, frogs, and cro- 
codiles, are his subjects." 

The King told him to describe his form and appearance, 
and he said, " In bulk he is bigger than all aquatic animals. 
His appearance is extraordinary, and his figure terrific ; his 
body 2 is long ; all the animals of the sea are afraid of him ; 
his head is large, his eyes bright, his mouth broad, and his 
teeth numerous. All the water animals he catches he swal- 
lows in countless numbers. When, from over-feeding, he 
gets indigestion, he bends his body like a bow, and supports 
himself by the strength of his head and tail, and thus pro- 
truding the middle of his body from the water, he elevates it 
in the air. Then, by the heat of the sun, the food in his 
belly becomes digested. But often, when in that state, he 
faints, and then the clouds which rise from the sea take him 
up, and cast him on the dry land. He then dies, and be- 
comes the food of wild beasts. But sometimes being raised 
aloft w T ith the clouds, he falls within the confines of Gog and 
Magog, and serves them as food for several days. In short, all 
the animals of the sea are afraid of him, and flee from him ; 
but he is afraid of no one, except a small animal, about the 
size of a gnat, of which he is greatly in dread. For when 
this creature bites him, its poison affects the whole of his 
body, and at length he dies, and all the aquatic animals 
assemble, and feed upon his flesh for a long time. Just as 
he devours other animals that are small, so do they all con- 

1 Nishdn — mark, sign ; seat, address. Nam o nishan — name and 
address. 2 Kadd — lit. stature. 

G 



102 Creatures Prey on EacJi Other. 

gregate and eat him. The same is the practice of birds oi 
prey and other birds. Sparrows and others eat gnats and 
ants, and sparrow-hawks and falcons make prey of them. 
Then the great hawks and eagles and vultures prey upon 
the sparrow-hawks and falcons, and devour them. And 
finally, when they die, all the worms and ants and small 
creatures devour them. 

" The same is the case with men, for they all eat the flesh of 
deer, hog-deer, goats, sheep, and birds ; and when they die 
little worms devour their bodies in the grave. It is the same 
case with the whole world. Sometimes the big animals eat 
the little ones, and sometimes the little ones use their teeth 
upon them. Hence the wise have said, ' The death of one 
is the gain of another/ And so God Almighty has said, 
(Arabic, i.e.) i We make the times to change from vicissi- 
tude to vicissitude among men, and no one knows this fact 
but the wise.' " 1 

After that he said, " I have heard that all the men suppose 
that they are the masters, and that all the animals are their 
slaves. How is it that they do not perceive, after the account 
which I have given of the state of the animals, that all animals 
are equal? — there is no difference between them. Sometimes 
they feed, and sometimes they become the food of others. I 
cannot understand what the men have to boast about over the 
animals, for their position is just the same as ours, the good 
and evil will become manifest after death, all will mingle in 
the dust, and in the end they will return to God." 

After that he said to the King, " When the men advance 
their claim to be the masters, and to have all the animals as 
their slaves, this trickery and false assertion of theirs give rise 
to great astonishment. They are exceedingly stupid to utter 
a statement so contrary to sense. I am surprised how they 
can (venture to) declare that all rapacious, grazing, and hunt- 

1 Kurdn, Surat iii. v. 134. 



The Parrot. 103 

ing animals, dragons, crocodiles, serpents, and scorpions, are 
their slaves. Do they not know that if the wild beasts were 
to come from the forest, the birds of prey from the mountains, 
or the crocodiles from the sea, and were to make an attack 
upon them, not one man would be left remaining? (These 
creatures) would come into their country and destroy them 
all — not one man would escape with life. Do they not deem 
it a mercy, and do they not render thanks that God has 
placed all these animals far away from their country ? But 
those wretched animals whom they keep at their abodes 
in captivity they subject to torture night and day. Hence 
(these men) are filled with conceit, and without proof or 
argument advance such a senseless claim. 

After that the King looked to the front. The parrot, seated 
upon a branch of a tree, was listening to the words of every 
one. The King asked him, " Who art thou ?" and he replied, 
" I am the representative of the birds of prey — their king the 
phoenix ('Anka) has sent me." The King asked him where 
the phoenix lived, and he replied, " He resides upon the lofty 
mountains in the islands of the salt sea. No man can pass 
to that place, nor can any ship even proceed so far as that." 
He said, " Tell me the particulars of that island." He re- 
plied, " The land of that place is very good, the climate 
temperate, the fountains sweet-tasted ; there are many sorts 
of fruit-bearing trees, and animals of all sorts innumerable." 
The King told him to describe the form and appearance of 
the phoenix, and he replied, " In size he is bigger than all 
birds, in flight he is strong, his claws and beak are hard, his 
wings are exceedingly broad, and when, he moves them in the 
air they seem like the sails of a ship ; his tail is long, and 
when he flies the mountains are moved by the force of its 
motion. He takes up and carries off elephants, rhinoceroses, 
and other large animals from the earth. " The King directed 
him to describe his character, and he said, " His character is 



104 Varieties of Men. 

excellent, and at some time or other I will expatiate upon 
it." 

After that the King looked towards the congregation of 
men. These, seventy persons of every variety of form, and 
wearing garments of divers kinds, were standing there. He 
said to them, " Reflect and ponder over your answer to all 
this that the animals have spoken." Then he asked them, 
" Who is your king ? " and they replied, " We have many 
kings, and each one dwells in his own kingdom with his army 
and people." 

The King asked, " What is the reason of this ? There is 
only one king among the animals, notwithstanding their great 
numbers, while among you, notwithstanding your paucity, 
are there many kings ? " An 'Iraki (Arab) belonging to the 
party of men answered, " Men have many wants ; their posi- 
tions are diverse ; consequently many kings are required for 
them. But this is not the case among animals ; and among 
them he is king who is biggest in form. Among men the 
reverse of this often happens, for their kings are frequently 
weak, delicate, and thin ; because what is required from kings 
is that they should be just, equitable, and benignant. They 
ought to have consideration and kindness for the lot of every 
man. 

" Among mankind there are great diversities also in the 
royal servants. Some are soldiers bearing arms, who repel 
every enemy of the king. Thieves, knaves, rogues, and cut- 
purses are unable, in consequence of these (soldiers), to create 
uproar and disturbances in the cities. Some are ministers, 
financiers, and secretaries, by whose means the administra- 
tion of the country is carried on, and the funds are collected 
for the army. Others are they who produce grain by cultiva- 
tion and husbandry. Some are judges and lawyers, who 
enforce the mandates of the law among mankind ; for religion 
and law are necessary even for kings, that their subjects may 



Number of Kings. 105 

not go astray. Some are merchants and tradesmen, who 
carry on the business of buying and selling in every country, 
and some are destined for service only, like slaves and 
domestics. In like manner there are many other classes who 
are exceedingly necessary for kings, without whom business 
would be interrupted. For the same reason men require 
many chiefs, so that these in every city may apply themselves 
to the government and regulation of their respective peoples, 
and that no kind of mischief may spring up. 

" And it is not possible that one king should carry on the 
government of all mankind. For in the whole world there 
are many countries, and in each country there are thousands 
of cities, in which lacs of people live — each one's language is 
different, and the religions various. It is impossible for one 
man to conduct the government of all countries, consequently 
God Almighty has set up many kings over them. All these 
monarchs call themselves the vicegerents of God, for God 
has made them the possessors of their countries and the 
masters of their slaves, so that they may busy themselves 
about the prosperity of their kingdom, and provide effectually 
for the protection of his servants. That they should have 
compassion and show kindness for the condition of every 
one, enforce the mandates of the law among mankind, and 
restrain them from everything which God has prohibited. 
Verily, He is the guardian of every one. He creates all and 
gives food to all." 



CHAPTER XXI. 

On the affairs of the King of the Flies, 

"\1FHEN the man ceased speaking, the King turned his 
thoughts to the animals. Presently a gentle voice fell 
upon his ear. He perceived the king-bee, 1 the monarch of 
the flies, flying before him, and engaged in singing the praise 
and glory of God. He asked who he was, and the answer 
was, " I am the king of the insects." The King then inquired 
why he had come, and why he had not, like the other animals, 
sent some one of his subjects or of his army as his messenger 
and representative." He replied that he felt solicitude and 
compassion for their state, so that no trouble might reach any 
one of them. The King observed, " This virtue is not 
(found) in any other animal ; why then have you got it ? " 
He said, " God Almighty, of His great favour and mercy, 
bestowed this virtue upon me, and besides this he has given 
to me many other distinctions and excellences." The King 
directed him to detail some little of his excellences that he 
also might know them. 

He said, " God Almighty has given to me and to my an- 
cestors many blessings, and has not made any animal to 
participate in them. Thus He has bestowed upon us the 
honour of sovereignty and the prophetic office, and has carried 
down this inheritance to my ancestors from generation to 
generation. He has not given these two blessings to any 
other animal. Besides this, God Almighty has taught us the 

1 "Ydsub,-' supposed to be a male, not a " queen-bee" as we have it. 



The Bee. 107 

science of geometry and many arts, so that we construct our 
habitations with great excellence. He has made the fruits 
and flowers of the whole earth lawful for us, so that we eat 
them without anxiety. From our saliva he has made honey, 
and from that comes healing to all mankind. There are texts 
of the Kuran which are explicit upon this our exaltation. 

" Our appearance and character are proofs to the heedless 
of the skill and powej of the Almighty — for our forms are 
very delicate, and our appearance is exceedingly wonderful. 
The Lord has placed in our bodies three joints. The middle 
joint he has made square, the lower part of the body long, 
and the head round. He has also made for us four hands 
and feet resembling the ribs of a sexangular figure, with great 
beauty, and suitable to our size, by means of which we alight 
and rise up. We construct our houses upon such an ex- 
cellent plan that the wind can never enter them, nor do any 
mischief to ourselves or our young ones. 

" By the strength of our hands and feet we collect the fruit, 
leaves, and flowers of trees, and whatever else we find, and 
store them in our dwellings. On our shoulders He has made 
four wings, by means of which we fly, and in our stings He 
has placed some poison, through which we are saved from 
the wrongs of our enemies. He has made our necks slender, 
so that we turn our heads with ease to the right and to the left. 
On both sides of our head He has given us two bright eyes, 
by the light of which we see everything. He has also made 
us. a mouth by which we know the pleasures of eating, and 
two lips also he has given us, by the aid of which we collect 
the materials of our food. On our stomach He has bestowed 
such powers of digestion that it makes the juices into honey, 
which honey is food for ourselves and our young ones, in the 
same way as He has given to the teats of quadrupeds such 
power that by them the blood is transmuted, and becomes 
milk. Seeing then that the Almighty has bestowed all these 



108 The Bee. 

blessings upon us, to what extent shall we show our grati- 
tude ? It is for this that, having consideration and kindness 
for my subjects, I have taken all this trouble upon myself, 
and have not sent any one of them." 

When the bee ceased from speaking the King cried, 
" Bravo ! a hundred times bravo ! You are very fluent and 
eloquent. True it is that God has bestowed these blessings 
on no animal besides you." After this he asked, " Where are 
your people and your troops?" He replied, "Upon the 
hills and mountains, and upon the trees ; wherever they find 
convenience there they dwell. Some have gone into the 
countries of the men, and have selected their houses for their 
abodes.'' The King inquired how they found security from 
the hands of men, and he said, " Many hide themselves from 
them, and so escape ; but whenever the men get an oppor- 
tunity they annoy them, often even they break their honey- 
combs, destroy their young ones, and take away the honey 
and eat it among them." 

The King asked why they submitted patiently to man's 
tyranny. He said, "We bear all this tyranny; but some- 
times we are so distressed that we depart from his territory. 
Then men, to make peace with us, bring forward many de" 
vices. They send us all kinds of presents, itr of roses, per 
fumes, &c. ; they beat drums and tambourines, and, in fine, 
they satisfy us by giving to us all sorts of presents and rarities. 
In our nature there is no malignity or evil ; we make peace 
with them and return to their abodes. But for all this they 
are not satisfied ; without proof or reason they assert that 
they are masters, we are slaves." 



CHAPTER XXII. 

Account of the obedience shown by the J'uis to their 
kings and chiefs. 

AFTER that the king-bee asked the King how the Jins 
showed obedience to their sovereign and chiefs, and 
begged him to state particulars. The King said, " They all 
carefully show their obedience and submission to their chief, 
and whatever command he issues they obey." The king-bee 
asked him to enter into details. The King said, "In the 
family of Jins there are good and bad, believers and un- 
believers, just as there are among men. Those who are good 
show obedience and submission to their chiefs in a degree 
that is impossible for man. For the obedience and subser- 
viency of the Jins is like that of the stars. Among these the 
sun holds the dignity of king, and all the stars stand in the 
position of soldiers and subjects. Thus Mars is commander- 
in-chief, Jupiter is judge, Saturn is treasurer, Mercury is 
minister, Venus is consort, the moon is heir-apparent, and 
the stars are like soldiers and subjects, because they are sub- 
ject to the sun, and move according to his motion ; when he 
stops, all are arrested, and they never transgress their cus- 
toms and limits." 

The king-bee inquired where the stars had acquired this 
perfection of obedience and regularity. The King said, 
" This excellence has been obtained by them from the 
angels, who are all the soldiers of the Almighty, and render 
obedience to Him." The king-bee said, " Of what character 



no Merits of the /ins. 

is the obedience shown by the angels?" He said, "Such 
obedience as the five senses pay to the reasonable soul ; they 
require no regulating or directing." The bee said, " Please 
to describe this fully." The King said, " The five senses 
need no command or prohibition in bringing to the notice 
and knowledge of the reason such things as are perceptible 
by them. When the mind directs its attention to the investi- 
gation of anything, they, without hesitation or delay, com- 
pare this with some other thing, and communicate (the result) 
to the mind. In this same way the angels show their 
obedience and subjection to God — whatever order is given 
they instantly execute. 

Among the Jins there are villains and infidels, and although 
in truth they pay no obedience to their king, still they are 
better than villainous men ; for many Jins, notwithstanding 
their infidelity and error, made no failure in their obedience 
to King Solomon. Although he, by the force of his occult 
art, brought many sufferings and hardships upon them, still 
they stood firm in their obedience. Whenever a man, in any 
wild or jungle, repeats a prayer or formula through fear of 
the Jins, they inflict no kind"', of injury upon him so long as 
he remains in that place. If perchance a Jin obtains the mas- 
tery over a woman or a man, and an exorciser performs in- 
cantations and exorcisms to the chief of the Jins, for his 
deliverance, they instantly flee. And besides, there is this 
proof of the excellence of their obedience. The Prophet 
(may the peace of God and rest be with him !) was once read- 
ing the Kuran in a certain place where some Jins passed by. 
As soon as they heard it, all of them became Musulmans, 
and going back to their tribe, they called many to the 
Muhammadan religion, and caused them to share in the 
blessings of the true faith. There are several texts of the 
Kuran which speak upon this subject. 

" Men are the very reverse of this. Their dispositions are 



Demerits of Men. 1 1 1 

full of infidelity and wickedness ; they are altogether puffed 
up and proud. Often to gain some advantage they turn 
aside from the path of righteousness and become infidels 
and apostates ; they are always engaged in murder and strife 
on the face of the earth. Further, they pay no obedience 
even to their own prophets, and notwithstanding miracles 
and wonders they are become rank heretics. If they in 
appearance ever show obedience, still their hearts are not 
free from infidelity and wickedness, and inasmuch as they are 
stupid and erring they do not understand anything. But for all 
this their pretension is, that they are masters, we are slaves." 

When the men saw that the King continued talking with 
the chief of the flies, they said, " It is very extraordinary that 
the chief of the insects should hold a position near the King 
which no other animal has attained." A sage of the Jins 
said, " Do not be surprised at this, for the king-bee is chief 
of the flies. Although he is small and thin in body, he is 
still very intelligent and wise ; and he is the chief and orator 
of all the insects. .He teaches to all animals the rules of 
government and sovereignty. And it is the rule among 
kings to converse with such persons of their own race as 
share with them in royalty and rule, although they may differ 
in form and appearance. Do not take the idea into your 
head that the king, for any object or desire, will show par- 
tiality or indulgence to them. 

In fine, the King, looking towards the men, said, " What- 
ever complaint the animals have made of your tyranny has 
been all heard by you, and they have also given their answer 
to the claim which you have made. Now then communicate 
all that there remains for you to say." The representative 
of the men said, " There are many excellences and talents 
in us which testify to the honesty of our claim." The King 
directed him to state them. The man of Rum l said, " We 
1 " The Greek." 



112 Skill of the Bee, 

are acquainted with many sciences and arts, and we excel all 
animals in wisdom and counsel ; the affairs of this world and 
of the next we carefully provide for. From this it is obvious 
that we are the masters and the animals are our slaves." 

The King said to the animals, "What have you to say 
about those merits which he has described ? " The congre- 
gation of animals having heard these words, bowed their 
heads, and no one gave any answer ; but after an hour the 
representative of the flies said, " This man opines that men 
are acquainted with many sciences and artifices, in virtue of 
which they are masters and the animals their slaves ; but if 
these men would think and consider, they would learn after 
what fashion we order and settle our affairs, and that in wis- 
dom and counsel we are superior to them. We have such 
proficiency in the science of geometry that without ruler or 
compass we draw circles of all sorts, and triangular and 
quadrangular figures ; in our dwellings we construct all sorts 
of angles. Men have learned the rules of sovereignty and 
government from us ; for we station porters and guards at 
our abodes so that no one can approach our king without 
permission. We extract honey from the leaves of trees, and 
when we have collected it, we sit down comfortably in our 
houses and eat it with our young ones. Whatever remains of 
our leavings, all these men pick out and take for their own use. 

" No one has taught us these arts, but they are revealed 
to us from the Almighty, so that without the help and aid of 
teachers we are versed in so many arts. If the men have 
the conceit to think that they are masters and the animals 
are their slaves, then why do they eat our leavings. It is 
not the practice for kings to eat the orts of slaves. There 
are many matters in which men have need of us, but there is 
not one in which we have any necessity for them. Therefore, 
this claim without proof cannot be gained by them. 

" If this man would only look upon the doings of the ant ; 



Skill of the A nt, &c. 1 1 3 

how, notwithstanding his tiny form, he constructs all sorts of 
tortuous dwellings under the ground, so that how great soever 
may be the inundation, no water can ever enter therein ; how 
he collects and stores grain for his food, and how, if any of it 
ever gets wet, he takes it out and dries it in the sun ; how he 
tears off the husk and breaks in two pieces all the grains 
which are likely to germinate. In the hot season many ants 
assemble in large caravans and go about on every side in 
search of food. If an ant discovers anything which from its 
weight he is unable to lift, he takes a little of it and goes to 
inform his party. Then the one who marches at their head 
takes a small portion of it as a sample by which to recognise 
it, and goes to the place ; afterwards they all congregate, and 
with great toil and labour carry it off. If any one ant is lazy 
about his work they beat him and drive him off. Thus, if 
this man would reflect, he would find out what great science 
and intelligence the ant possesses. 

" In the same way, the locust, eating and drinking during 
the spring harvest, when she gets fat, goes and digs a hole 
in some soft ground and lays her eggs. She then covers them 
with earth and flies away. When the time of her death arrives, 
the birds eat her up, or she perishes from excess of heat or 
cold. In the following year, when the spring season returns, 
and the weather becomes mild, a little young one is produced 
from the tgg like a maggot, which creeps on the ground and 
feeds upon the grass. When its wings are developed, it eats 
and drinks till it grows big, and then in the regular way it 
lays its eggs and hides them in the ground. In this way 
year after year the young ones are produced. 

" Similarly, silk-worms, which for the most part live upon 
the trees of the hills, but more especially on the mulberry- 
tree, when they grow fat in the days of spring, spin their 
mucus on the trees, and sleep therein in perfect ease. When 
they wake up they lay their eggs in that same position, 



114 Parental Care of Insects. 

and then they depart. The birds then devour them, or they 
die of themselves from heat or cold. The cocoons remain in 
safety all the year, and in the next year the young ones are 
produced from them, and these crawl about upon the trees. 
When they become plump and strong, they in the same way 
lay eggs and produce young ones. 

" Wasps form their combs upon walls and trees, and deposit 
therein their eggs and young ones. But they do not amass 
any food ; day by day they seek their sustenance, and in the 
time of winter they hide in holes and crevices and die. Their 
skins remain there all the winter, and do not decay or melt 
away. In the spring season, by the power of God, life again 
comes into them, and they, in their usual manner, build their 
dwellings, and produce their young ones. 

" Thus all insects, having brought forth their young, nourish 
them entirely out of tenderness and kindness, not with the 
expectation of services to be rendered by them ; different 
indeed from men who always entertain the hope of kindness 
and benefit from their children. Generosity and liberality, 
which are characteristics of the great, are never to be found in 
them ; then whatthinghavethey to boast aboutoverus ? Again, 
flies, gnats, mosquitoes, and other insects which lay eggs, feed 
their young ones, and build houses, do not do so merely for 
their own benefit, but that after their death other insects may 
come and find comfort. Because every one of them has a 
full assurance of his own death, and when the days of mor- 
tality are complete, with resignation and cheerfulness it passes 
away. In the following year, God in His power reproduces 
them. Verily these do not under any circumstances deny 
Him, as many men deny that there is a resurrection and day 
of judgment. If man could but understand these facts about 
the animals, and how greatly they excel him in their plans 
for this life and the next, he would not boast of being master, 
and having the animals for slaves." 



Speech of the Nightingale. 1 1 5 

When the representative of the flies closed his speech, the 
King of the Tins was much pleased, and praised him. Then 
turning to the assemblage of men, he said, "You have heard 
all that he has said ; have you any answer left ?" Then one 
person of them, an Arab, said — " There are many virtues and 
good qualities in us, by which our claim is established." The 
king directed him to mention them. He said — " Our life passes 
by with great pleasure. Good things, of every kind and sort, 
are procurable for our food and drink, which are not even 
seen by animals. We eat the pulp and kernel of the fruit ; 
they swallow the rind and stone. Besides this, we eat sweet- 
meats, cakes, and confections 1 in great variety. For the re- 
creation of our constitutions we can have dancing and music, 
laughter and merriment, tales and stories. W r e wear beauti- 
ful garments and jewels of all kinds, and we lay down (for 
our use) felt, tapestry, druggets, cloth, and many different 
sorts of carpets. Where can the animals get all these articles ? 
They always eat the grass of the forest, and being quite 
naked by night and by day, they are subject like slaves to 
toil and labour. All these things are proofs that we are 
masters, they are slaves." 

The nightingale, the representative of the birds, was sitting 
in front upon a branch of a tree, and thus addressed the 
King : — " This man, who is boasting about the varieties of his 
food and drink, does not perceive that all these are in reality 
troubles and torments to him." The King asked how that was. 
and told him to explain. He said, " In this way, that they 
endure many hardships and troubles for the sake of these 
comforts. Digging the ground, ploughing, constructing 
bridges, irrigating with water ; sowing, reaping, weighing and 
grinding the corn ; kindling fires in ovens, cooking, wrang- 
ling with butchers about meat, keeping accounts with shop- 

1 The text gives the names of several, but they are not translatable 
into English. 



1 1 6 Speech of the Nightingale. 

keepers, enduring toil for the sake of getting money, studying 
science and art, giving pain to their bodies, travelling into 
distant countries, and for two farthings standing with their 
hands clasped in the presence of noblemen. In fine, with all 
this labour and effort they amass wealth and property, which 
after their death falls to the lot of others. If it has been 
gained in a lawful way, a satisfactory account can be given 
of it, but if it has not, it is torture and torment. 

" We are secured from all these pains and tortures, because 
our food is merely vegetables ; whatever springs from the 
earth, we, without labour or trouble, make use of. We eat the 
various fruits which God Almighty, of His power, has created 
for us, and to Him we always pay our thanks. Care and 
search for meat and drink never enters into our minds ; 
wherever we go, by the grace of God, everything (we need) is 
procurable ; but these (men) are ever writhing in anxiety 
about their food. And as they consume many different kinds 
of food, so do they suffer man) r pains and torments, and are 
subject to chronic diseases, vapours, headache, cholera, 
palsy, tic-doloreux, ague, cough, jaundice, fever, hectic fever,, 
boils, pimples, itch, ringworm, scrofula, gripes, diarrhoea 
gonorrhoea, elephantiasis, polypus — in fine, they are subject 
to diseases of all sorts. For medicine and physic they run 
and resort to the houses of doctors ; but for all this they with 
impudence declare, 'We are masters ; they are our slaves.'" 

The man replied, " Sickness is not at all peculiar to us ; 
beasts also are subject to most diseases." He retorted, say- 
ing, "When animals fall sick, it is entirely through association 
and intimacy with you. Dogs, cats, pigeons, fowls, and other 
animals w T ho are in bondage to you, do not obtain their na- 
tural food and drink ; consequently they fall sick. Those 
animals who roam about at will in the jungles are preserved 
from every disease, because their times of eating and drink- 
ing are fixed, and there is no deficiency or excess in the quan- 



Varieties of Food. 1 1 7 

tity. But those animals who are captives to you cannot pass 
their days in their natural manner ; they eat food at unsea- 
sonable hours, or through hunger they eat to excess ; they 
do not keep their bodies under control, and consequently from 
time to time they fall sick. 

" There is also this reason for your children being diseased- 
Pregnant women and nurses, through greediness, eat that 
unsuitable food of which you boast, from which foul humours 
are produced ; the milk is vitiated, and. through its effects 
children are born ugly and always liable to diseases. Through 
these diseases they are subject to sudden death, to the agonies 
of dissolution, and to sorrow and anger. In fine, you are 
involved in these evils from the effect of your own works, but 
we are preserved from them. 

" Of all the kinds of food to be found in your houses, honey 
is the choicest and best. You eat it and employ it in your 
medicines ; but it is the mucus of insects ; it does not arise 
from any art of yours ; then what have you to boast about ? 
We and you are equal (partners) in eating the remaining 
fruits and grains, and from of old our ancestors and your 
ancestors have continued to be on an equality (in this matter). 
In those days, when your great ancestors, Adam and Eve, 
were dwelling in paradise, eating the fruits of that place with- 
out toil and labour, and feeling no kind of anxiety (or need of) 
exertion, our ancestors also there shared with them those 
comforts and blessings. 

"When your ancestors, being deluded by their enemy, forgot 
the counsel of God, and showed their greed for a certain 
grain, they were expelled from thence. The angels, having 
brought them down, cast them into a place where there were 
neither leaves nor fruit : what mention can there be then of 
(dried) fruits ? For a long period they kept weeping in their 
grief. At length God accepted their repentance, and pardoned 
their sin. He sent an angel to them, who came and taught 

H 



1 1 8 L uxuries of Men. 

them how to till the ground, to sow, grind, cook, and to make 
garments. In fine, day and night they were subject to these 
troubles and labours. When many children were born to 
them, and these began to live in every place, whether wood 
or field, then evil doings began against the (animals) dwell- 
ing on the earth. Their abodes were seized, some were made 
prisoners, and some fled. Making all sorts of snares and 
nets, they pursued them in order to capture and confine them. 
At length, matters have arrived at such a pitch that now you 
stand there boasting, expatiating on your dignity, and ready 
for contending and quarrelling. 

" And when you say that you have parties of pleasure, that 
you are occupied in music and dancing, and pass your days 
in luxury and enjoyment ; that you wear fine clothes and 
jewels of all sorts, and that you have many things besides 
these which we cannot get — this is all true ; but you have for 
every one of these things its opposite of pain and torment, 
from which we are exempt. Thus, instead of parties of pleas- 
ure, you sit in the house of mourning ; instead of happiness, 
you endure grief; instead of music and laughter, you weep and 
feel pain ; instead of fine houses, you sleep in the dark grave ; 
instead of jewels, you wear a collar on your neck, fetters on • 
your hands, and chains upon your legs ; and instead of praise, 
you are subjected to derision. In fine, for every joy you feel a 
corresponding sorrow. But we are exempt from all these 
evils, because these are the troubles and pains which befit 
slaves and miserable creatures. 

" Instead of your cities and houses, we have this boundless 
plain for our use. From earth to sky, wherever our hearts 
desire, we fly. We pick and eat the green verdure on the 
banks of the rivers without let or hindrance ; free from toil 
and labour, we eat our suitable food and drink pure water ; 
there is no one to forbid us ; we have no need of ropes or 
buckets, bottles or pitchers — all these things are required for 



Religions Ditties of Men. 1 19 

you, that you may take them on your shoulders, carry them 
about from place to place, and sell (the water). You are ever 
liable to labour and trouble ; these are all distinctive marks 
of slaves : how then is it proved that you are the masters, we 
the slaves ? " 

The King then asked the representative of the men if he 
had any other answer left. He replied, " We have many ex- 
cellences and distinctions which testify to our claim." The 
King told him to state them. A Persian 1 among them said, 
" God Almighty has bestowed upon us distinctions of many 
kinds — religion, prophecy, and the revealed Word, — all these 
blessings He has given to us. Having made known to us 
what is lawful and unlawful, good and evil, he has restricted 
this (knowledge) to us, in order to bring us into paradise. 
Ablution, purification, prayer, fasting, sacrifice, almsgiving, 
saying prayers in the mosques, preaching in pulpits, and 
many other acts of devotion He has taught us. All these 
distinctions afford evidence to this, that we are masters, they 
the slaves." 

The representative of the birds then said, " If you were to 
reflect and consider, then it would be found that these things 
are troubles and hardships to you." The King inquired, 
" What kind of trouble." He said, " God Almighty has 
established all these modes of worship in order that their 
sins may be forgiven, and that they may not be able to go 
astray. Thus He says in the Kuran, ' Good deeds prevent 
evil ones/ 2 If they do not act upon the rules of the law, 
then they are disgraced in the estimation of God. In this 
fear they continue occupied in devotion. We are pure from 
sin, and have no need of the devotion of which they boast. 
And God Almighty has sent prophets to those people, although 

1 The printed text has 'Ibrdni, a Hebrew, but it is obvious that the 
speaker is a Muhammaclan, probably an Irani or Persian. 

2 Kuran, Surat xi. v. 116. 



1 20 Religious Duties of Men. 

they are infidels, idolaters, and sinners, who do not perform 
worship to Him, but are occupied night and day in debauch- 
ery and wickedness. We are free from that idolatry and sin ; 
we know God to be one and without partner ; and we are 
engaged in His worship. The prophets and messengers (of 
God) are like the physicians and astrologers. These people 
find the need of physicians when they are sick and ill, 
and they entreat the astrologers (to tell them) of things inaus- 
picious and ill-fated. 

"Ablution and purification have been made duties for you, 
because you are always unclean. Night and day you pass your 

time in adultery and and your bodies are of foul 

odour ; hence the command of purification for you. We 
abstain from these things; during the whole year we approach 
each other only once, and that not for lust and gratification ; 
for the sole object of the perpetuation of our species we do 
the deed. Prayer and fasting are duties with you on this 
account, that through them your sins may be pardoned. We 
do not commit sin; then why should these be duties for us ? 
Sacrifices and almsgiving are incumbent upon you, because 
you accumulate great wealth by lawful and unlawful means, 
and do not bestow it upon deserving people. If you expended 
it on the poor and needy, then why would alms-giving be 
made a duty for you ? We take compassion and pity upon 
our fellows, and never accumulate anything through 
avarice. 

" When you say that God Almighty has revealed to you 
texts of the Kuran relating to things lawful and unlawful, to 
penal laws and the laws of retaliation, all this was for your 
instruction, because your hearts are dark. Through stupidity 
and ignorance you do not know what is beneficial, what in- 
jurious ; consequently you require teachers and masters. 
But God Almighty makes all things known to us without 
the intervention of prophets, as He himself says in the Kuran, 



Garments of Men. 1 2 1 

* God said to the fly, build your house upon the hills.' And 
in one place he says, ' Every animal knows its own prayer 
and praise.' And in another place he says,' 2 ' God Almighty 
sent a crow to go and dig the ground, and show Cain that 
he also, in the same way, might dig the earth, and bury the 
coffin of his brother.' 3 When Cain saw it he said, c What a 
pity it is that I have not got as much sense as the crow, that 
I might similarly inter my brothers bier.' Indeed he felt 
great regret on this matter. 

"And then you talk about your going into the mosques and 
religious houses for the purpose of public prayer ; but for this 
we have no necessity at all ; to us every place is a mosque 
and temple; 3 wherever we cast our eyes we perceive the 
divine presence. Neither have we any need of prayers on 
Sabbaths and festivals, for we are always engaged night and 
day in prayer and fasting. In fine, all those things you boast 
about we do not all require." 

When the messenger of the birds had thus finished speak- 
ing, the King looked to the men and said, " If you have any- 
thing else left to say, then speak." An Iraki out of the 
assemblage of men answered, " There are still many superior 
qualities and excellences in us by which it is established that 
we are the masters and the animals are our slaves. Thus we 
have various garments to adorn and beautify us — shawls, 
gold embroidery, silks, brocades, furs, mixed fabrics of silk 
and cotton, gul-badan, muslins, fine Mahmudi muslin, saftn, 
satin, flowered muslin, lace, chequered cloths ; various kinds 
of carpets, druggets, and felts ; and besides all these, we can 
get many other fine things. Hence it is ascertained that 
we are the masters, they the slaves, for where can the animals 
get all these things ? They wander about stark naked in the 

1 Kuran, Surat xvi. v. 70. 2 Kuran, Surat xxiv. v. 41. 

3 Kuran, Surat v. v. 44. 

4 " My altars are the mountains and the hills." — Byron. 



122 Garments of Men. 

jungles like slaves. All these gifts and blessings of God are 
proofs of our domination; it is right that we should exercise 
lordly authority over them, and do with them as we please — 
they are all our slaves." 

The King asked the animals if they had any answer to give 
to this. The jackal, the ambassador of the rapacious beasts, 
said to the man, " As you are boasting so much about your 
fine and soft dress, tell me this, Where were all these dif- 
ferent garments in the first age ? perhaps you took them 
by tyranny and violence from the animals." The man asked 
whattime he was speaking about ? He said, " Of all the gar- 
ments that you possess, the finest and the softest are the bro- 
cades and the silks, these are made of raw silk, and that comes 
from the mucus of a worm ; and this worm does not belong 
to the race of Adam, but is a species of insect, which for its 
own protection spins (a web) with its mucus on the trees, so that 
it may be sheltered from the evils of cold and heat. By force 
and tyranny you have torn it from these insects ; consequently 
God has made you subject to this punishment, that you have 
to take it, with labour spin and weave it, and then to get it 
sewed by tailors, and washed by washermen. Indeed you 
suffer so much trouble and labour about it, that you carefully 
keep it and sell it — you are always writhing in anxiety about it. 

"So there are other garments which you weave from the fur 
and hair of many animals, and your finest garments are gene- 
rally made from the wool of animals ; with force and violence 
you tear them from the animals, and then appropriate them to 
yourselves. To make such boast of this is improper. If we were 
to boast thereof, it would become us, because God Almighty 
produced it on our bodies, that we might make it our cover- 
ing and dress. He, of His compassion and kindness, be- 
stowed this dress upon us, that we might be protected from 
cold and heat. God Almighty brings forth this dress upon 
our bodies at the time when we are born, and of His kindness 



A dam and Eve. 123 

He places it all within our power, without any labour or 
trouble of ours.. But you always, till your dying breath, 
are involved in trouble about it. Your ancestors rebelled 
against God, and in requital thereof you are subjected to 
this trouble." 

The King said to the jackal " Relate to us the facts about 
the beginning of the race of Adam." He replied, " When God 
created Adam and Eve he provided food and covering for 
them like as he did for the animals. Accordingly, those two 
were living in the East upon the Ruby mountains, under the 
equator. At the time He created them they were quite naked, 
but their entire bodies were covered with the hair of their 
heads, and by means of this same hair they were protected 
from the cold and heat. They used to stroll about in the 
garden and eat the fruit of all the trees ; they underwent no 
kind of toil or labour like as these people are now forced to 
undergo. The divine command was, that they were to eat 
the fruit of all the garden, with the exception of one tree 
which they were not to approach. Through the beguiling of 
Satan they disregarded the direction of God. Then they 
lost all their superiority ; the hair of their heads fell off, and 
they became quite naked. The angels, by divine com- 
mand, expelled them from thence, in the way that the doctor 
of the Jins related the circumstances at length in a former 
chapter." 

When the representative of the rapacious beasts had thus 
spoken, a man said, " O beasts, it is not fit and right for 
you to speak before us ; it is better for you to be silent." The 
jackal asked for what reason ? He said, " Because among 
the animals there is no one more wicked and vicious than 
you ; no animal more hard-hearted, and none so greedy to 
devour carrion. You are good for nothing but to worry ani- 
mals, and you are always bent upon their death and destruc- 
tion." He asked, "How is this?" And the man replied, 



1 24 Slaying of A nimals. 

(i Because all rapacious beasts prey upon and devour ani- 
mals; they crush their bones and drink their blood, and 
never take any compassion upon their condition." 

The representative of the carnivorous beasts said, " If we 
do inflict this treatment on the animals, it is all through your 
instruction, for without that we knew nothing whatever about 
it. Before the time of Adam no rapacious beast preyed 
upon animals ; when any animal died in the woods and wilds, 
they used to eat its flesh, but they did no injury to living 
beasts. So long as in any place they found flesh lying on the 
ground, they did not tear any animal ; but in the time of want 
and extremity they were compelled to do so. When you 
were created, and you began to catch and confine goats, 
sheep, cows, oxen, camels, and asses, you did not allow any 
animal to remain in the jungle ; then how was their flesh to 
be obtained in the jungle ? Having no resource, we took to 
preying upon living animals ; and this is lawful for us, just 
as it is allowable for you to eat carrion in time of extreme 
necessity. 

" When you say that the hearts of rapacious beasts are hard 
and merciless, we do not find any animal complaining of us 
like as they complain of you. And you say also, that carni- 
vorous beasts tear open the bellies of animals, drink their 
blood, and eat their flesh ; but you do just the same thing. 
You cut them with knives, slaughter them, flay them, rip 
open their bellies, crush their bones, roast them, and eat them 
—all these practices owe their origin to you. We do not do 
so. If you would consider and reflect, then you would un- 
derstand that the tyranny of the rapacious beasts is not equal 
to your own, as the representative of the cattle has stated in the 
first chapter. You also pursue such a course towards each 
other, and towards your kindred, as the animals know no- 
thing about. 

" When you tell us that no good comes to any one from 






Slaughter of Men. 1 2 5 

:his is clear, that benefit comes to all of you from our 
skins and fur. The birds of prey also who are in bonds with 
you, hunt their prey and feed you with it. But tell us what 
advantage the animals derive from you. The injury is ap- 
parent, for you slaughter them, and eat their flesh. But 
your stinginess towards us is such that you bury your dead 
in the earth, so that we cannot get to eat them. 

" You say, that the rapacious beasts kill and ravage ani- 
mals ; but the rapacious beasts having seen you do so, have 
adopted the usage. From the days of Cain and Abel to the 
present time, it continues to be seen how you are always 
engaged in war and strife. Thus, Rustam, Isfandiyar, Jam- 
shid, Zuhak, Farfdun, Afrasiyab, Minuchihr, Dara, Iskandar, 
and others, were always occupied in massacre and slaughter, 
and in it passed away. Even now you are engaged in dis- 
turbance and rebellion ; but for all this you boast without 
shame, abuse the rapacious beasts, and with fraud and false 
pretensions seek to establish your authority over them. Have 
you ever seen the animals engaged in war and strife, and 
seeking to injure each other like as you do ? If you would 
inquire into the affairs of the wild animals with considera- 
tion and care, you would learn that they are far better than 
yourselves. 77 

The ambassador of the men inquired if there was any 
proof of this, and he replied, u Those of you who are holy and 
devout quit your dominions, and go out into the mountains 
and jungles, where the wild beasts have their abode, and 
with them they keep up a warm acquaintance night and 
nor do the wild beasts tear them. Therefore, if the 
wild beasts were not better than you, then why should your 
holy and devout men resort to them ? For pious and tem- 
perate people do not resort to the wicked, rather do they flee 
far from them. This is a proof that the wild beasts are better 
than you. 



126 Forbearance of Beasts, 

" Another proof is this : when your tyrannical kings have 
any doubt about the probity and purity of any man, they 
drive him out into the jungle. If the wild beasts do not tear 
him to pieces, they understand from that fact that he is right- 
eous and devout ; because every species recognises its own 
fellow, and the wild beasts knowing him to be righteous do 
not molest him. True it is ' One saint knows another.' 
Verily there are bad and vicious ones among the wild beasts, 
but why is this ? are there not good and bad in every species ? 
Even the beasts which are bad do not tear to pieces the good 
and righteous, but they devour the evil men. Thus God Al- 
mighty declares, c I make tyrants to prevail over tyrants, 
that they may obtain the recompense of their sins. J " ] 

When the ambassador of the rapacious beasts finished this 
speech, a philosopher belonging to the company of Jins said, 
" He speaks the truth ; those people who are good shun the 
bad and associate with the good, although these belong to a 
different species ; and those who are bad flee from the good 
to go and associate with the wicked. If men were not evil and 
vicious, why should their devout and holy men go and dwell 
in the wilds and mountains, and there conceive affection for 
the wild beasts, notwithstanding that they belong to a distinct 
species. Between these and those there is no apparent simi- 
larity ; still in good qualities they surely must be partners." 
All the congregation of Jins said, " He speaks the truth — 
there is no doubt or uncertainty about it." The men on 
every side, when they heard this condemnation and censure, 
were greatly ashamed, and hung down their heads. Mean- 
while evening came on, the court rose, and all taking leave, 
went to their own dwellings. 

1 Kuran, Surat, vi. v. 129. 



CHAPTER XXIII. 

Disputation between Man and the Parrot. 

IN the morning all the men and animals attended the court 
of justice. The King told the men that if they had still 
any other proof of their claims to adduce, they were to state 
it. A Persian said, " There are many laudable qualities in 
us by which our claim is established." The King directed 
him to set them forth, and he said, " In our race there are 
kings, ministers, nobles, secretaries, financiers, revenue offi- 
cers, magistrates, assistants, mace-bearers, servants, friends, 
allies, and many other classes besides these ; rich men, 
gentlemen, humane men, scientific men, holy men, devotees, 
abstinent people, preachers, poets, learned men, virtuous 
men, judges, lawyers, sufis, grammarians, logicians, physi- 
cians, geometricians, astrologers, soothsayers, interpreters of 
dreams, alchemists, and magicians ; men of trade, builders, 
weavers, cotton-carders, shoemakers, tailors, and other nu- 
merous classes. Of all these classes each one has its dis- 
tinct morals and laudable qualities, and its distinct and 
approved institutes and arts. All these excellences and 
qualities are peculiar to us ; the animals do not share in them. 
From this it is evident that we are the masters, and the ani- 
mals our slaves." 

When the man had ended his statement, the parrot said 
to the King, u This man is boasting about his many varieties. 
If he would consider the varieties of the birds, he would 
understand that, as opposed to these, the varieties of men 



128 Ditties of Kings. 

are very few. But for every good sort among them I will 
name its opposite bad one, and for every honourable one a 
base one. Among the different sorts of them are to be found 
Nimrod, Pharaoh, infidels, adulterers, idolaters, atheists, 
deists, traitors, tyrants, highway robbers, thieves, knaves, 
pickpockets, rogues, liars, cheats, swindlers, hermaphrodites, 

whoremongers, dolts, fools, misers, and many 

others besides these, whose sayings and doings are incapable 
of expression. But we are preserved from all these, and be- 
sides, we are partakers of many praiseworthy qualities and 
pleasing virtues ; for in our species also there are leaders 
and chiefs, friends and allies. Moreover, our chiefs excel 
the kings of men in justice and good government, because 
men cherish their subjects and soldiers merely for their own 
designs and benefit, and when their object is accomplished, 
then they take no further thought of their soldiers and people. 
But this is not the way with (real) chiefs. 

" For good government and rule it is necessary that a king 
should always show consideration and kindness to his army 
and people. As God Almighty always shows mercy to His 
servants, in the same way it is right that every king should 
keep an eye of tenderness over his people. The chiefs of 
the animals always have consideration and kindness for the 
condition of their army and people. In this same way the 
chiefs of the ants, and of the birds also, are always engaged in 
making provisions and arrangements for their subjects. 
When they show any kindness and beneficence towards their 
soldiers and people, they do not want any return or reward 
for it. Neither do they cherish any expectation of good from 
their offspring as a return for having brought them up, like 
as men nurture their children, and afterwards exact service 
from them. Animals, having given birth to their young ones, 
supply them with food ; they expect nothing from them after- 
wards ; out of mere tenderness and kindness they nurture 



Angels. 129 

and feed them. They keep their feet firm in the way of God, 
for He creates His servants, and gives them their daily 
bread, but has no expectation of gratitude from them. If 
these evil practices were not (common) among men, why 
should God command them to render thanks to Him and to 
their parents ? He has not given this commandment to our 
progeny, because they do not exhibit infidelity and disobe- 
dience." 

When the parrot reached this part of his speech, the doc- 
tors of the Jins said, " He speaks the truth. 77 The men being 
ashamed, hung down their heads, and no one gave any an- 
swer. Thereupon the King asked one of the sages who 
the kings were who had been eulogised for their great con- 
sideration and kindness towards their people and soldiers. 
The sage replied, " Angels are meant by those kings. For 
whatever sorts, kinds, and varieties of animals there are, 
God has appointed angels for every one, to look after its pro- 
tection and government. Among the tribes of angels also 
there are chiefs and leaders, who show consideration and 
kindness to their respective tribes. 77 

The King inquired whence the angels derived this tender- 
ness. He replied, " God Almighty in his mercy has con- 
ferred upon them this advantage. For there is no person in 
the world whose kindness amounts to the one hundred thou- 
sandth part of that kindness which God exhibits to His ser- 
vants. So, when He created His servants, He appointed 
angels for the protection of every one of them. Their form 
and appearance He fashioned with great beauty and grace ; 
He gave them intellectual powers, He granted to them all a 
knowledge of the useful and detrimental. 1 For their rest {i.e., 
abodes) He created the sun, moon, constellations, and stars. 
He produced their daily food from the fruit and leaves of 
trees ; and in fine, He bestowed on them blessings of every 
1 "A knowledge of good and evil." 



130 The Soul. 

sort and kind. All this is a proof of His kindness and 
mercy." 

The King asked who was the chief of those angels who had 
been appointed for the protection of men. The sage replied, 
" The reasonable soul ; for since the time of Adam's crea- 
tion this has been the partner of man's body. Those angels 
who, at the divine command, paid homage to Adam, they 
are called ' Animal Life,' and they are subject to the reason- 
able soul. They who did not pay homage are the passion of 
anger and the sensual lusts. They call this also Iblis (devil). 
The reasonable soul still remains among the descendants of 
Adam, in the same way as the corporeal form of Adam still 
survives. They are born, and they continue in that form, and 
in the day of judgment the sons of Adam will rise in that 
form, and enter into paradise." 

The King asked how it was that the angels and the senses 
were not visible. The sage replied, " It is because they are 
ethereal and transparent, and are not perceptible by the 
mortal senses. The prophets and saints, however, through 
purity of heart, behold them, because their senses are free 
from the gloom of folly, they are watchful against the slum- 
ber of heedlessness, and their senses are similar to those of 
the angels. Hence they see them ; and hearing their words, 
they communicate them to their fellows." 

The King having heard these details, said, " May God re- 
ward thee." Then he looked towards the parrot, and told 
him to finish his speech. He said, " This man maintains 
that there are many workmen and mechanics in his race ; but 
this is no proof of his superiority, because among us also are 
many animals who share with them in those arts. Thus the 
fly (bee) possesses greater ability in building and repairing 
than their architects and engineers, 1 for it builds its house 
without earth or bricks, or lime or mortar. In the drawing 
1 Lit. "geometricians." 



Skill of Insects. 131 

of lines and circles it has no need of ruler or compasses ; but 
these (men) require materials and tools. So also there is the 
spider, which is the weakest of all insects, but which, in 
spinning and weaving, has greater skill than all their weavers. 
In the first place, he draws out a thread from his saliva ; after- 
wards, having formed it into a kind of ladder, he firmly at- 
taches it to something above, and keeps open a small space 
in the centre, for the purpose of capturing flies. In this work 
of art he has no need of materials ; whereas their weavers 
cannot weave anything without stuff. 

" So again there are silk-worms, which are very feeble, but 
which possess greater science and skill than their workmen. 
When they have eaten, and are satisfied, they come to their 
dwelling-place. Then, in the first place, they spin some fine 
kind of lines from their saliva ; these they afterwards attach 
to something overhead, and make it firm and strong, so that 
neither wind nor water can get into it, and here, according 
to their custom, they sleep. All this skill they have acquired 
without the teaching of parents or masters ; neither do they 
require needles or thread ; but their tailors and darners can 
do nothing without them. The swallows also build their 
nests hanging in the air under the eaves, and require neither 
ladders nor anything of the kind to get up to them. So also 
the white ant constructs her house without mud or water, 
requiring nothing for the work. 

" In fine, all beasts and birds make houses and nests, 
and support their offspring. They have greater intelligence 
and skill than man. For instance, there is the ostrich, 
which is allied both to bird and beast, with what care does 
she 1 provide for the nourishment of her young ! When the 
eggs amount to twenty or thirty, she divides them into three 
lots ; some she secures in the earth, some she exposes to the 
heat of the sun, and some she keeps under her wings. When 
1 The text represents the male as doing this, 



132 Dulness of Children. 

a good many young ones are hatched, in order to sustain 
them she digs up the ground, picks out the worms, and feeds 
her young ones. But among mankind no woman nourishes 
her children in this way. Nurses and midwives attend to 
them. As soon as they are taken from the womb and are 
born, they bathe and wash them, wet nurses feed them, and 
lull them in cradles — they do everything ; the mother of the 
child takes no heed of it. 

" Their children also are excessively stupid ; they know 
nothing at all of what is beneficial, what injurious. After 
they arrive at fifteen or twenty years of age they get to years 
of discretion. Still they require masters and teachers ; they 
pass all their days in reading and writing, and after all they 
remain the biggest fools in existence. But when our young 
ones are born they are from the first instant aware of what is 
good and what is bad. Thus the young of fowls, partridges, 
and quails, as soon as they come out of the egg, run pecking 
about, and if any one tries to catch them, they run away 
from him. This knowledge and intelligence has been com- 
municated to them on the part of God Almighty, that they 
may know what is good and w T hat is bad. The reason of 
this is, that among those birds the male and female do not 
assist each other in feeding them, as pigeons and other birds 
do ; for among these latter the cock and hen unite in feeding 
their young. It is for this that God has bestowed on young 
fowls such intelligence that they do not depend upon their 
parents for support, but of themselves peck and feed. They 
do not need to be supplied with milk, or fed with grain, like 
the young of other animals and birds. Then, who is the 
highest in the estimation of God Almighty? Night and 
day we are employed in prayer and praise to Him, and 
consequently he has taken all this compassion upon our 
state. 

" You say that in your race you have poets and preachers, 



Astrology. 133 

students and remembrancers ; 1 but if you understood the 
language of birds, the praises of the reptiles, the expression 
of faith of the insects, the laudations of the beasts, the re- 
citals of the locusts, the prayers of the frog, the sermons of 
the bulbul, the lectures of the sang-khwara, the summons 
to prayer of the cock, the cooing of the pigeon, the predic- 
tions of the crow, the eulogies of the swallow, or the warning to 
fear God made by the owl — if, besides these, you knew the par- 
ticulars of the devotion paid by the ants, flies, &c., then you 
would know that among them also there are fluent and elo- 
quent poets and preachers, students and memorialists. Thus 
God Almighty says, i Everything pays its devotion in praise 
of God, but you do not know it/ 2 God has, therefore, given 
to you an inclination towards ignorance — that is to say, 
you do not understand their praises ; but to us He has given 
a turn for knowledge, and has said, ' Every animal knows 
its own form of praise.' 3 So then, as the ignorant and the 
learned are not on an equality, we have the superiority over you. 
Then what matter have you to boast about, and with fraud 
and calumny to say, * We are the masters, they the slaves ? ' 
" And then you have made a statement about astrologers, 
but astrology is practised only among ignorant people. 
Women and children believe in it, but it is held in no esteem 
among the wise. Some astrologers, in order to delude fools, 
declare that some particular incident will happen in such 
and such a city in ten or twenty years' time ; whereas they 
know nothing about their own affairs, what will happen to 
them, or what will be the condition of their children. They 
make statements about some distant country some time 
beforehand, so that people may think they speak truly, and 
may have faith in them. The only people who place reliance 
on the words of astrologers are those who have erred and are 

1 Zakir, one who remembers, who feels gratitude, and expresses it. 

2 Kuran, Surat xvii. 49. 3 Ibid. xxiv. 41. 

I 



1 34 A strologers. 

rebels (against God) ; such as the tyrannical and violent 
kings among men, who deny there is any future state, and who 
do not believe in destiny — Nimrod and Pharaoh, for instance. 
These kings,* upon the statements of the astrologers, had 
hundreds, even thousands of children put to death. They 
used to believe that the regulation of the world rested upon the 
seven planets and the twelve signs of the zodiac. They did not 
know that nothing happens without the command of the Lord, 
who made the constellations and the planets. True it is that 

' 'Gainst fate no plans prevail.' 
After all, what God willed came to pass. 

" The history of this matter is, that the astrologers had in- 
formed Nimrod that a child would be born in his reign, who, 
after being brought up, would attain a high position, and 
overthrow the religion of the idolaters. When he asked 
them at what place and in what family the child would 
be born, and where he would be brought up, they could 
not tell him ; so they said to the king, 'Give orders that 
all children born during this year shall be slain ;' their 
idea being, that the child would be killed among them. At 
length God Almighty created Abraham, the friend of God, 
and preserved him from the malevolence of the infidels. 
This same kind of treatment Pharaoh dealt out to the 
children of Israel ; but here also God Almighty kept the 
patriarch Moses safe from his malice. In fine, the predic- 
tions of astrologers are all fables ; fate is never to be evaded, 
and yet you boast and say that you have astrologers and sages 
in your race. These men are only fit to delude sinners, and 
those who put their trust in God pay no heed to their words. 

When the parrot had reached this point of his speech, the 
King asked him, "If the prevention of evil through the stars 
is impossible, then why do astrologers study them and 
establish (the fact) with proofs ? and why do they fear them ?" 
He said, " The prevention of the evil influences of the stars 



Predestination . 135 

is certainly possible, but not in the way the astrologers main- 
tain. It is (to be effected) by seeking the help of God, who 
is the Creator of the stars." The King asked how the help for 
this was to be sought of God, He replied, " By acting on 
the commands of the law, by weeping and lamentation, by 
prayer, by fasting, by making offerings and giving alms, and 
by worshipping with sincerity of heart — this is (the way of) 
seeking help of God, Whenever any one implores God to 
prevent (the inauspicious influences of the stars), assuredly 
God does preserve him. The astrologers and soothsayers 
give information before the occurrence of events, and say 
God Almighty will bring this event to pass ; but is it not 
better in this matter to pray to the Lord to prevent the oc- 
currence, rather than to act upon the rules of astrology." 

The King said, " If by acting on the commands of the law 
evil is averted, it follows of necessity that what is predestined 
by God is set aside." He said, " The divine predestination 
does not change, but when people make their supplications 
to God for its prevention, He preserves them from the event. 
So when the astrologers informed Nimrod that a child would 
be born who would be the opponent of the religion of idola- 
ters, and who would throw all his subjects and army into 
confusion, it was Abraham, the friend of God, who was thus 
indicated ; and God Almighty having created him, brought 
low and destroyed Nimrod and his army by His hands. But 
if at that time Nimrod had prayed to God for safety, then the 
Almighty in his mercy would have brought him into the 
religion of Abraham, and he and his army would have been 
saved from dishonour and destruction. So also when the 
astrologers announced to Pharaoh the birth of Moses, if he 
had made his supplications to God for safety, God would 
have brought him also into his religion, and have preserved 
him from dishonour ; in the same manner as the Almighty 
gave salvation to his wife, and bestowed upon her the blessing 



136 Prayer. 

of the true faith. The tribe of Jonas also, when they were 
beset with troubles, prayed to the Lord, and He gave them a 
refuge from their ills." 

The King said, "It is true — the study of the stars, the 
prediction of events before they happen, and prayer to God 
for prevention of those evils — these all are things of which the 
advantage has been understood. For this reason Moses gave 
this admonition to the children of Israel, saying, ' When you 
are in dread of any calamity, then pray to God with earnest 
supplication and mourning, because He, through the sincerity 
of your prayers, will preserve you from that occurrence.' 
Beginning from Adam, and (coming down) to the time of 
Muhammad the Pure, (may the blessing and peace of God be 
on him !) this practice has" always prevailed, for them to give 
this direction to their followers when any accident befell them. 
Therefore it is proper for us to act in this way as regards the 
behests of the stars, and not as astrologers in these days 
delude people to forsake God, and fly (for direction) to the 
revolutions of the skies. 

" For restoration to health of the sick also, one should first 
turn to God, for a perfect recovery may be obtained from His 
grace and kindness. It is not right that we should turn away 
from the court of the true Healer, and resort to physicians. 
Some men, at the beginning of their illness, apply to physi- 
cians, but receiving no benefit from their remedies, they in 
their despair betake themselves to God. Frequently even, 
with great importunity and lamentation, they write out state- 
ments of their cases in petitions, and hang these up on the 
walls or pillars of the mosques, and God grants them a cure. 

" So it behoves us to resort to God against the influences 
of the stars, and not to act upon the delusions of astrologers. 
Thus, there was a certain king to whom the astrologers had 
given information that an event would happen to his city, full 
of danger to the inhabitants. The king inquired how, but 



Prayer. 137 

they could give no explanation ; still they were able to tell 
this much, that the event would befall on such and such a date 
of such and such a month. The king inquired of his people 
what course ought to be pursued to avert this calamity, and 
they who were learned in the law replied, that the best thing 
was that on that day the king and all the dwellers in the city, 
small and great, should go out of the town into the fields, 
and there make supplication and weeping before God, for the 
averting of the evil : then, perhaps. God might save them from 
that calamity. In conformity with their declaration, on that 
day the king left the city, and many people also went forth 
with him. Then they began to pray to God to preserve them' 
from the evil, and kept watching all night. 

" Sundry men felt no alarm at the predictions of the astrolo- 
gers, and stayed in the city. During the night it rained with 
great violence, and the town being situated on low ground, 
the waters drew towards it from all sides, and filled it. All 
the men who remained in the city perished, but those who 
were engaged in prayer and lamentation outside the city were 
saved, just as Xoah and those people who had faith were 
preserved from the deluge, while all the rest were drowned. 
God says. i; We gave deliverance to Xoah and to those 
people who embarked in the ark with him ; but We over- 
whelmed those who deemed My words false, because they 
were a perverse generation. '' l 

" The philosophers and logicians whom you make your boast 
of, do you no good, but rather lead you astray. ' ; When the 
man inquired how, and asked him to explain, he replied, 
"Because they divert men from the way of the law, and 
through the many inconsistencies (occurring in the holy 
book) they set aside the commandments of religion. The 
opinions and religions of them all are antagonistic ; some of 
them maintain that the world is primeval, 2 some maintain the 

1 Kuran, Siirat vii. v. 42. - Kadim — ancient. 



138 Philosophy. 

pre-existence 1 of matter, some adduce proofs of the priority 1 
of form. Some of them say that there are two prime causes, 
some maintain that there are three, others are convinced that 
there are four, while some say that there are five, and others 
increase them to six or even seven. Some are satisfied of 
the co-existence of the Creator and the creature. Some say 
that the world is infinite, and others adduce evidence of its 
being finite. Some acknowledge a resurrection, others deny 
it. Some believe in prophecy and inspiration, but others 
object. Some are bewildered and dizzy with doubt, others 
reject all reason and evidence, and others are convinced that 
all is delusion. Besides these also there are many other 
diverse beliefs to which they are all fettered. 

"But our religion and way is one (only). We acknowledge 
God to be One, and without equal. Night and day we are 
engaged in His worship and praise. We do not make our 
boasts over any creature of His ; whatever is ordained in our 
lot we are thankful for. We do not reject His authority, nor 
do we ask the why or wherefore of anything, as men (do when 
they) carp at His behests, His will, and His skill. 

"Then as to the mathematicians and geometricians whom 
you boast about, they puzzle themselves night and day in 
thinking about demonstrations. They make pretensions to 
those things which are beyond conception or imagination, 
though they do not know it. They show no inclination for 
those sciences which are suitable for them, and pursue those 
vain trifles which are quite unnecessary. Some direct their 
attention to the measurement of bodies and of distances ; 
some are distracted in ascertaining the heights of mountains 
and of clouds ; some go about surveying rivers and forests, 
and some ponder and study to find out the system of the 
heavens and the centre of the earth. They take no heed 
about the physiology or measurement of their own bodies. 
1 Kadim — ancient. 



Physicians. 1 39 

They do not know how many entrails and intestines they 
have ; what space there is in the cavity of the chest ; 
what the state of the heart and brain is ; what the nature of the 
stomach is ; what the shape of the bones, nor what the fashion 
of the joints. They never know anything about those things 
which are easy to understand, and right to investigate. But 
it is from these things that the art and power of the Almighty 
are discovered, for, as the prophet says, "He who knows 
himself, knows God. 7 ' And, with all this stupidity and ignor- 
ance, they rarely read the Divine Word, and do not heed the 
decrees of the Divine law, or the ordinances of the Prophet. 
" The physicians whom you boast about are not required 
by you until you fall sick through eating unsuitable food in 
your greed and gluttony ; then you go and wait at their doors 
with your urine bottles. The man who goes to the door of 
the physician or druggist is sick, just as the crowds who wait 
upon astrologers are ill-starred and unfortunate. But after 
all, their resorting thither only makes them more unfortunate, 
because the astrologers have no power in anticipating or 
delaying favourable or unfavourable moments. But notwith- 
standing this, many astrologers and necromancers, take paper 
and write rubbish upon it, in order to delude their dupes. 
The same is the case with the physicians, for sickness is only 
aggravated by resorting to them with your complaints, and 
they recommend abstinence from those things by which sick 
people are frequently cured. If people would leave it all to 
nature, then the sick man would soon get well. So, boasting 
about your astrologers and physicians is sheer folly. We 
have no need of them, because our diet is of one sort, and 
because of this (simplicity of our diet) we do not fall sick, we 
do not go to the houses of physicians with our complaints, 
nor have we any need of draughts and electuaries. The 
course of the free is to have no need of any one, but the way 
of slaves is to run about to the houses of everybody. 



140 Merchants. 

" The merchants, architects, and farmers whom you boast 
about, are worse than slaves, and are more wretched even 
than the poor and needy. Night and day they are involved 
in toil and labour, and cannot take a moment's rest. They 
are always building houses although they themselves do not 
dwell in them. They dig the ground and plant trees, but 
they do not eat the fruit of them. There are no greater fools 
than these, for they accumulate wealth and property, which 
they leave to their heirs, while they themselves always lead a 
life of starvation. The merchants also are always intent upon 
amassing dishonest wealth. They buy grain, and keep it, in 
the hope of its becoming dear, and in the days of famine they 
sell it for a high price ; they give nothing to the poor and 
needy. All at once the wealth which they have amassed 
during a long period is destroyed ; it sinks in the sea, or 
thieves carry it off, or some tyrannical king seizes it. Then, 
being wretched and abject, they go begging from door to door, 
and all the remnant of their lives is lost in vagrancy. They 
think that they have gained some advantage, and do not per- 
ceive that they have thrown away for nothing that valuable 
wealth, their precious life ; that they have sold the next world 
for this, and have not even got what they purchased ; that 
they have thrown religion to the winds ; that they are divided 
by doubts, and have found delusion, but no rest. If you make 
your boast about this seeming advantage, then we curse it. 

" You say that you have kind-hearted people in your race, 
but this is a mistake. For the friends, relations, and neigh- 
bours of these people go about poor and needy, naked and 
hungry, begging from street to street, and these take no heed 
of their condition. Do they call this humanity, that they 
should sit at home in ease and take their pleasure, while their 
friends, relations, and neighbours pursue a life of mendicancy ? 
You say also that you have writers and revenue accountants 
among your people 3 but still it is very ill-judged of you to 



Devotees. 141 

boast about them, for in the whole world there are no men 
more villainous and rascally. They are constantly engaged 
in the endeavour to supplant their rivals by cunning, craft, 
abuse, and plausibility. Openly they write friendly letters 
in a very florid, ornate style, but in their hearts they are ever 
intent upon their designs of digging up the root and basis of 
(their competitors). Day and night they are bent upon their 
schemes of dismissing one man from his office, and of securing 
a douceur for the appointment of another ; and so by fraud 
and deception they get him dismissed. 

" As to the devotees and worshippers whom in your com- 
placency you consider righteous, and whose prayers and in- 
tercessions you think to be acceptable in the sight of God ; 
these men have deceived you by (outwardly) exhibiting their 
devotion and piety. For this public worship of theirs, their 
cultivation of their beards, their removing the hair round their 
lips, their wearing of the recluse's garment, their satisfaction 
with coarse clothes, their laying patch upon patch, their re- 
maining silent and speaking to no one, their instructing men 
in morals and teaching them the mandates of the law, their 
making of long prayers so that their foreheads become in- 
dented (from prostration on the ground), their eating but 
little food so that their Jips hang (flaccid), their dried-up 
brains, their emaciated bodies, their faded complexions, — 
all this, from beginning to end, is fraud and falsity. Their 
hearts are so full of malice and rancour that they do not 
recognise the existence of any one (but themselves). They 
are always censuring God, and saying, Why did He create 
the devil and Satan ? why were whoremongers and adulterers 
brought into existence ? and why does He give them suste- 
nance ? Such talk is improper, and their hearts are filled with 
similar Satanic notions. To your eyes they seem good, but 
in the sight of God there are none worse. Why do you 
boast about them ? they are a disgrace and shame to you. 



142 Lawyers. 

" Then as to your doctors and lawyers : they also, for the 
sake of mammon, make the unlawful to be lawful, and the 
lawful, unlawful. They put senseless interpretations on 
the word of God, and for the sake of gain pervert its ori- 
ginal meaning ; what possibility is there of devotion and 
piety (in them) ? Hell (is prepared) for these very people 
whom you boast about. And your jurists and lawyers, be- 
fore they get into office they go morning and evening to the 
mosques, say their prayers and preach to and admonish the 
people ; but when they become magistrates and law-officers, 
they take away the property of the poor and of orphans, and 
convey it with flattery to tyrannical kings. They take bribes 
and pervert the right, and if any (suitor) is dissatisfied, they 
silence him with threatening and brow-beating. In fact, 
these people are terrible rascals ; they make the wrong right, 
and the right wrong, and have not the least fear of God. 
Tortures and punishments are in reserve for them. 

" Your khalifas and kings you have mentioned as being 
heirs of the Prophet, but their blameworthy qualities are 
manifest. Abandoning the course of the Prophet, they have 
slain the children of the prophets. They constantly drink 
wine. They exact service from the people of God, and con- 
sider themselves better than all men. They prefer this 
world to the next. When any one of them becomes ruler, 
the first thing he does is to imprison the man who from of 
old has served his ancestors. The claims of his service are 
entirely banished from the mind. In their greed of this 
world, they slay their friends and brothers. These are not 
the characteristics of great men. To boast about those 
kings and lords is injurious to yourselves, and to assert a 
claim of lordship over us without evidence or reason, is from 
end to end trickery and deceit." 



CHAPTER XXIV. 

The White Ant 

WHEN the parrot had finished his speech, the King 
looked towards the congregation of Jins and men, and 
said — " How is it that the white ant, although he has no 
hands or feet, takes up earth and builds his vaulted habitation 
over his body ? Explain the facts of this to me." A person 
out of the Hebrew party said — " The Jins raise the earth for 
this insect, because these (insects) did for them the great ser- 
vice of eating up the staff of Solomon. He fell down, and 
then the Jins perceiving he was dead, fled from thence, and 
obtained release from their troubles and hardships/' 1 

The King inquired of the Jin sages whether they knew any- 
thing about the matter which this person had spoken of, and 
they all replied, " How can we say that the Jins take up the 
earth and water, and give them to this insect ? For even if 
this insect did show the Jins that kindness which this person 

1 This requires explanation. Solomon, by his supernatural power, 
forced the Jins to labour in the construction of the Temple. Advised 
of his approaching dissolution, and aware that the Jins would, after 
his death, cease to labour, he prayed that his decease might be con- 
cealed from them. A staff was miraculously provided for him, leaning 
upon which, and praying in his private cell in the Temple, he died. The 
staff supported him, and the Jins went on working. A white ant, mean- 
while, kept devouring the staff ; but as the wood was very stout and 
strong, it endured for a year. When it was eaten through, Solomon's 
body fell down, and his death was discovered : but the Jins had accom- 
plished their work, and the Temple was finished. — Kurdn, Surat xxxiv. ; 
Tabarl, chap, xcvii. 



144 The Ant. 

lias stated, they are still liable to that work and labour, and 
have not been delivered from it ; for Solomon used to make 
them raise earth and water and build houses, and did not 
trouble them in any other way." 

A Greek sage said to the King, " One reason for this is 
known to me. 17 The King told him to explain, and he said — 
" The structure of the white ant is wonderful and marvellous ; 
its temperament is very cold, the articulations and pores of 
its whole body are constantly open. The air which enters 
into its body is condensed by the great degree of cold, and 
becomes water ; this exudes on the surface of its body, and 
the dirt which falls on its body being formed into mud, coagu- 
lates. Having collected this, it builds the house over its 
body for its protection, so that it may be safe from every 
danger. Its two lips are very sharp, with which it bites 
fruit, leaves, and wood, and bores holes into bricks and 
stones." 

The King said to the locust — " The white ant belongs to 
the insects, and you are the representative of the insects ; 
explain then what this Greek doctor has said." The locust 
replied — " He has spoken the truth, but he has not given a 
complete description of the ant ; there is something yet left." 
The King desired him to explain it fully, and he then said — 
" When God Almighty made all His creatures, and bestowed 
His blessings upon each one of them, in His wisdom and 
justice He kept them all equal. To some He gave a body 
and figure large and heavy, but He made their spirit very 
mean and despicable. To others He gave forms small and 
frail, but He made their intelligence acute and wise; thus the 
excess and deficiency of one side or the other was rectified. 
For instance, there is the elephant, who, in spite of his huge 
form, is so mean-spirited that he is obedient to a child, who 
mounts upon his shoulders and drives him whither he will. 
And there is the camel, who, although his neck and figure are 



Skill of Insects. 145 

very long, is yet such a fool that he follows the lead of who- 
soever seizes his nose-cord ; even a mouse might drive him if 
it liked. Then there is the scorpion, who is small in size. 
but still when he stings the elephant, he kills him. In the 
same way, this insect which they call the white ant, although 
it is very diminutive in size and very feeble, still it is very 
strong-willed. In fine, all those insects which are small are 
acute and wise. 

The King asked the reason why all the large-bodied ani- 
mals were stupid, and the little creatures sharp. Where." 
said he, ' ; is the divine wisdom in this ?" The locust replied 
— " The Creator, by His omniscience, perceived that animals 
of large body were capable of (inflicting) pain and trouble, 
and so if a high spirit had been given to them, they would 
never have submitted to any one ; and if the little creatures 
had not been acute and wise, they would always have been 
in trouble and difficulty. Therefore He gave to the former 
an abject spirit, and to these a sagacious intelligence." The 
King directed him to explain this more fully, and he replied 
— " The (chief) excellence of every art is this, that the art of 
the artist and his mode of procedure should not be known to 
any one. Thus, there is the bee, 1 who in her house constructs 
all kinds of angles and circles without ruler or compasses, 
and nobody knows how she does it, or from whence she 
brings the wax and honey. If her body had been large, this 
art of hers must have been disclosed. 

u Then, again, there is the silk-worm, whose method of 
spinning and weaving no one has discovered. It is the same 
case with the white ant, for the exact way in which she builds 
her house has never been disclosed, nor is it even known how 
she lifts the dirt and works. Doctors of philosophy deny that 
the existence of the world is possible without matter. God 
Almighty has made the art of the bee a proof (in refutation) 
1 Lit. "fly." 



146 Powers of Insects. 

of this, because she, without matter, builds her house of wax 
and collects her food from honey. If it is their opinion that 
she gathers it from the flowers and leaves, then why do not 
they also collect some, and make something ? If she gathers 
it from the midst of the water or the air, then if they are 
sharp-sighted, why do they not find out how she collects it, 
and build dwellings for themselves ? 

" In the same way God has made creatures of little bodies, 
to serve as proofs of his power and skill to tyrannical kings 
who have rebelled and turned away from Him. For instance, 
a gnat killed Nimrod, although the gnat is the smallest of all 
insects. When Pharaoh chose a wicked course, and rebelled 
against the patriarch Moses, God Almighty sent an army of 
locusts, which went (to his) country, and brought great dis- 
tress on him. So when God bestowed on Solomon the royal 
and the prophetic office, and made all the Jins and all man- 
kind subject to him, there were some evil persons who doubted 
his prophetic dignity, and declared that he had obtained his 
sovereignty by fraud and artifice. Although Solomon told 
them that God, in His grace and bounty, had conferred on 
him this distinction, still the doubt was not banished from 
their hearts. At length God sent the white ant, who went 
and ate up the staff of Solomon ; he then fell down in his 
cell, but neither man nor Jin had the hardihood to face him. 
This (exercise of the) divine power was exhibited as a warn- 
ing to those persons who glory in their size and dignity. For 
although they see all His arts and all His powers, still they 
take no warning from them, and boast about those kings who 
are powerless against the smallest of our worms. 

" The shell (pearl-oyster) in which pearls are produced is 
smaller in bulk and more feeble than any aquatic creature, 
but in wisdom and knowledge she is wiser and more sensible 
than they all. Obtaining her food and sustenance in the 
depths of the sea, she dwells there ; but on rainy days she 



The Pearl Oyster. 147 

comes up from the bottom, and places herself upon the sur- 
face of the water. She has two large ears which she opens 
out, and when a drop of rain falls into one, she instantly closes 
it, so that the salt water may not mix with the rain- drop. 
Afterwards she goes back to the bottom of the sea, and for a 
period keeps the two drops of rain shut up until the water is 
decomposed, 1 and becomes a pearl. Well, where is such 
science to be found in man ? 

" God has implanted in the hearts of mankind a love for 
brocades and silks, and these are produced from the mucus 
of those little worms. They consider honey a most delicious 
food, and that is produced by bees. In their assemblies they 
illuminate with wax candles ; for these also they are indebted 
to the bees. The most exquisite of all their decorations is the 
pearl, and this is produced by the skill of that little creature 
of whom a description has just been given. God has pro- 
duced from those creatures such excellent things that men 
might see them and acknowledge His art and power. But 
although they behold all His powers and all His arts, they 
are still regardless ; they waste their days in wickedness and 
infidelity, and they show no gratitude for His blessings, but 
practise violence and oppression towards his poor and help- 
less servants." 

When the locust had finished this speech, the King asked 
the men if they had anything else left to say. They replied, 
" There are yet many excellent qualities in us by which it is 
proved that we are the masters and they our slaves." The King 
directed them to set them forth, and a certain man said, 
" Our forms are identical, their forms and shapes are diverse, 
and this proves us to be masters and them to be slaves ; be- 
cause (identity of figure) is proper for rule and mastery, and 
diversity is indicative of slavery/' The King asked the ani- 
mals what answer they could give to this ? and they ail re- 
mained for an hour pensive and downcast, 
1 Lit. "cooked." 



148 Diversity of Religions. 

After a little while the nightingale, the representative of the 
birds, said — " The man speaks truly, but although the figures 
of animals are various, still the instincts of all are alike ; and 
although the forms of men are identical, their minds are 
very different." The King asked for the proof of this, and 
he said — " The variety of religions and creeds substantiates 
this statement, for among men there are thousands of sects 
— Jews, Christians, Magians, polytheists, infidels, idolaters, 
fire-worshippers, star-worshippers. Besides this, in each re- 
ligion there are many sects, just as in olden times the opinions 
of the philosophers were diverse. Among the Jews there are 
the Samaritans, the 'Abali and the Jaluti ; among Christians 
there are Nestorians, Eutycbians, and followers of Malka ; 
among the Magians are Zaradushtfs, Zarwams, Harmis, 
Mazakis, Bahramis, and Manawis ; among the Musulmans 
there are Shias, Sunnis, Kharijis, Rafizis, Nasibis, Murjis, 
Kadaris, Jahamis, Mutazilis, Ash'aris, and others. What a 
great variety of sects there are ! All their religions and 
creeds differ, (those of) one religion thinking the others in- 
fidels, and cursing them. We are free from all diversity ; our 
creed and faith is one. In fine, the animals are all uniform 
in their belief, and faithful. They know nothing of idolatry 
or wickedness, fornication or adultery. They have not the 
least doubt or scepticism about the power and unity of God ; 
they know Him to be the true Creator and Provider, and 
night and day they devote themselves to meditation, prayer, 
and praise. But these men are not acquainted with our 
prayers." 

An inhabitant of Persia said, " We also believe God to be the 
Creator, Provider, one and without equal." Upon which the 
King asked him how it was that there was such great diversity 
in the religion and creeds of man. He said, " Religion and 
belief are the way and means by which the objects of life may 
be obtained. The aim and object of all is one and the same, 



Religion and Politics. 149 

by whatever road they reach it. Whatever direction we go, 
we proceed only towards God." The King asked, " If the 
sole object of all is to reach God, then why does one (party) 
kill the other ? n He replied, " This is not for the sake of re- 
ligion, for there is no hatred in that ; it is rather for rule, 
which is an institution of religion." 

The King directed him to explain this fully, and he replied, 
" Rule and religion are twins ; one cannot exist without the 
other, but religion is first, and rule is secondary. Religion is 
necessary for rule, that (through its influence) all men may 
be honest ; and religion requires a king w T ho, with authority, 
can enforce the commandments of religion among the people. 
For this reason some ministers of religion kill other persons 
for the ends of rule and government. Every minister of 
religion desires only this, that all men may adopt his creed 
and religion, and the ordinances of his law. If the King will 
attend to me, and listen, I will adduce a clear proof upon 
this point.' 7 The King directed him to proceed. 

He said, " The mortification of the passions is an ordin- 
ance in all religions and creeds, and mortification of the 
passions requires that the aspirant for religion should sacri- 
fice himself. So in rule, it is the practice to slay any other 
aspirant for rule." The King said, " The killing of kings in 
the pursuit of dominion is obvious ; but why do professors 
of religion stifle their own passions? — tell me this." He 
said, " In the religion of Islam this is certainly the clearest 
command, for God says, i God Almighty has purchased the 
passions and properties of true believers, and has provided 
paradise for them, that in the service of God they may slay, 
and be slain themselves.' 1 There are many other texts of the 

1 Kuran, Siirat ix. 112. Sales' translation is — "Verily God hath pur- 
chased of true believers their souls and their substance, promising 'them 
the enjoyment of Paradise, on condition that they fight for the cause of 
God, whether they slay or be slain." 

K 



150 Self -Devotion. 

Kuran besides this which are explicit upon the point, and in 
one place, according to the commands of the Old Testament, 
God says, c If ye will turn unto God, mortify yourselves, for 
this is best for you in the sight of God.' 1 

" And when the Lord Jesus said, ' Who will be my assist- 
ants in the service of God ?' all His friends replied, ' We 
will be your helpers in God's service.' Then the Lord Jesus 
replied, ' If you will be my assistants, then be ready for death 
and the scaffold, so that you may go to heaven with me, and 
live with your brethren. And if you will not be my assistants, 
then you are not of my flock.' Finally, they were all slain in 
the service of God, and did not forsake the religion of Jesus. 
In the same way, the people of India, the Brahmans and others, 
kill themselves, and in pursuit of their religion burn them- 
selves alive. It is their belief that the highest of all services 
in the sight of God is that repentant sinners should destroy 
themselves, and burn their bodies, so that their sins may be 
forgiven. 

" Thus men learned in theology restrain their passions, ap- 
petites, and lusts, and take upon themselves the burden of 
devotion, until their passions are subdued, and not the least 
desire or lust of this world is left. In fine, all religious men 
immolate their passions, looking upon this as the highest act 
of devotion, through which they find deliverance from the 
fires of hell, and attain unto heaven. But there are good and 
bad to be found in all religions and creeds ; but of all the 
wicked, that man is by far the worst who denies that there is 
a day of resurrection, who has no hope of the reward of 
virtue, no fear of the punishment of sin, and who does not 
acknowledge the unity of God, although all men return to 
Him." 

When the Persian stopped, after making this statement, a 
Hindu spoke, and said, " The children of Adam, in the num- 
1 Kuran, Surat ii. 51. 



Varieties of Men. 151 

ber of their species, and varieties, and individualities, greatly 
exceed the beasts, because in all the habitable quarters of the 
world there are nineteen thousand countries in which a great 
variety of races dwell. Thus there are China, India, Sind, 
Hijjaz, Yemen, Abyssinia, Xajd, Egypt, Alexandria, Cyrene, 
Andalusia, Constantinople, 'Azarbaijan, Armenia, Syria, 
Greece, 'Irak, Badakhshan, Jurjan, Jilan, Naishapur, Kar- 
man, Kabul, Multan, Khurasan, Mawarau-n Nahr, Khwar- 
izm, Farghana, and others, thousands of cities and countries 
which it is impossible to enumerate. Besides these cities, 
thousands of men live and make their abodes in forests, 
mountains, and islands, all differing in language, colour, 
manners, constitution, creeds, and arts. God Almighty sup- 
plies them all with food, and keeps them under his protection. 
This vastness of number, variety of circumstances, and 
difference of pursuits and objects, prove that the human race 
is better than any other species. Besides this, whatever other 
race of animals exist, they hold superiority over it. From this 
it is clear that men are the masters, and all the animals are 
their slaves. There are still further excellences in us, the 
detail of which would be very tedious." 

The Frog said to the King, " This man has adduced the 
great number of men (as an argument), and boasts about it . 
but if he were to see the aquatic animals, and behold their 
multiform shapes and figures, then in comparison with them 
men would seem very few. The cities and countries also 
which he has mentioned would also look still less. Because in 
the habitable quarter of the world there are fifteen large seas : 
the Mediterranean, the Caspian, the Lake of Gflan, the Red 
Sea, the Persian Gulf, the Sea of Hind, the Sea of Sind, the 
Sea of China, the Sea of Yajuj, the Indian Ocean, the 
Western Sea, the Northern Sea, the Sea of Abyssinia, the 
Southern Sea, and the Eastern Sea. And there are five 
hundred small rivers, and two hundred large ones, such as 



152 Vast Numbers of A nimals. 

the Oxus, the Tigris, the Euphrates, the Nile, &c, the length 
of each of which is from a hundred to a thousand kos. And 
in addition to these there are the small and larger streams 
and rivers, lakes, pools, &c., which are to be found in the 
woods and wilds, and which it is impossible to enumerate. In 
these there are fishes, turtles, crocodiles, porpoises, alligators, 
and other aquatic animals of thousands of kinds, which no 
one but God knows of, and no one can estimate. 

" Some say. that there are seven hundred species of aquatic 
animals, without reckoning the varieties and specialities ; and 
of animals which dwell on dry land, beasts of prey, cattle, 
&c, there are five hundred species, without reckoning varie- 
ties and specialities. All these are the servants and slaves of 
God, whom by His power he has created, whom He supports 
and continually protects from every ill. There is nothing 
which is hidden from Him. If the men would consider this, 
and could comprehend the (numbers of the) swarms of ani- 
mals, then it would be clear that the number and concourse 
of men afford no proof of their being the masters and we the 
slaves. " 



CHAPTER XXV. 

On the World of Spirits. 

\\ T HEN the frog ceased from speaking, a sage from 
* ^ among the Jins said, " Oh ye parties of men and 
beasts, ye are circumscribed in your knowledge of the great 
variety of creatures. You do not know those beings which 
are spiritual and ethereal, and have no affinity with corporeal 
forms. They are incorporeal souls and elementary spirits, 
which dwell in the regions of the sky. Some of them which 
belong to the angelic class are placed in the highest zone of 
the heavens, aud those who dwell in the broad expanse of 
the cold sphere are the Jins and the tribe of devils. 

u So if you could but conceive the full amplitude of created 
beings, you would know that, as opposed to them, men and 
beasts have no (appreciable) existence. Because the extent of 
the cold sphere is ten times greater than the (terrestrial) sea 
and land : and in the same way the lunar sphere is ten times 
larger than both these spheres ; and each superior sphere 
bears the same relation in its extent to the one beneath it. 
All these spheres are filled with spiritual beings — not one 
span of space is left. All the incorporeal souls dwell there, 
as the Prophet (may the peace of God and rest be upon 
him !) has declared : ' In the seven heavens not one span is 
empty in which the angels are not either standing, bending, 
or lying prostrate in the worship of God/ Therefore, ye men, 
if ye could but see their hosts, ye would know that your race, 
as compared with them, is of no account, and that your num- 



154 God's Promises to Man. 

ber and aggregate afford no proof of your being the masters 
and all others your slaves. All the servants of God are his 
soldiers and subjects, but some are subject and subordinate 
to others. In fine, he has issued the orders for their regula- 
tion among them according as he in his supreme wisdom 
deemed right. Praise and glory are due to him under all 
circumstances." 

When the Jin sage finished his speech, the King turned 
towards the men and said, " The animals have given an 
answer to the thing you were boasting about : if you have 
anything left to say, speak." An orator of Hijjaz then said, 
" There are yet many excellences in us by which it is proved 
that we are masters, they slaves." The King directed him to 
speak, and he said, " God Almighty has promised us many 
blessings : resurrection from the grave ; spreading over the 
whole face of the earth ; the reckoning in the day of judgment ; 
the passage over the bridge of Sirat ; entrance into para- 
dise ; heaven ; the garden of delights ; the garden of eternity; 
the garden of Eden ; the garden of refuge ; the mansion of 
peace; the mansion of permanence; the home of rest; the 
glorious abode ; the Tuba tree ; the fountain of Salsabil ; 
streams running with wine, milk, honey, and water; elevated 
dwellings ; the society of the huris ; nearness to God. These 
and many other blessings, which are mentioned in the Kuran, 
God has prepared for us. Can the animals anywhere attain 
to these things ? This is a proof that we are the masters, 
they our slaves. Besides these blessings and excellences 
there are many other great qualities in us which I have not 
mentioned." 

The nightingale, the representative of the birds, said, " In 
the same way as God has made you many excellent promises, 
so has he passed upon you many denunciations of punish- 
ment. Thus, there is the suffering of the grave, the interro- 
gations of the two recording angels, the dread of the day of 



Immortality of Man, 155 

judgment, the terrors of the account, the going into hell, the 
tortures of hell, the hells called Jahim, Sa/ear, Laza, Sdir, 
Htct?na, and Hdwiya, wearing the garments of liquid pitch, 
the drinking of foul matter, eating of the zakkum tree (the 
fruit of which is the heads of devils), dwelling near the 
ruler of hell, liability to tortures in the companionship of 
devils ; these are all prepared for you. And, besides these, 
there are many more punishments and tortures mentioned in 
the Kuran, from which we are exempt. God has made us no 
promise of reward, and so he has made us no threat of punish- 
ment. We are satisfied with and are grateful for the com- 
mands of God. No benefit or injury accrues to us from any 
of our works or actions. Thus we are equal to you in 
evidence, and you have no superiority over us." 

The Hijjazi replied, "How are you equal to us? For 
we at all events shall exist for ever. If we show obe- 
dience to God, we shall dwell with the prophets and saints, 
and shall be associated with the great, and learned, and pious, 
and just, and eminent, and pure, and devout, and good, and 
holy. These beings are like unto the angelic cherubims, for 
they take the lead in good works, they long for the Divine 
presence, they devote their lives and wealth to God, and put 
their trust in him ; they address their prayers to him ; their 
hopes are in him, and they fear his wrath. If we are sinners 
and do not obey him, still our salvation will be effected through 
the intercession of the prophets ; more especially will our 
sins be forgiven through the mediation of the true prophet, 
the chief of messengers and seal of the prophets, Muhammad 
the Pure, on whom be the blessing and peace of God ! After 
that we shall all dwell in paradise in the society of the 
nymphs and youths, and the angels will say to us, ' Blessing 
on you, be happy, and enter into paradise, there to dwell 
for ever.' But all ye tribes of beasts are debarred from 
these blessings, for after your departure from this world 



156 The Decision. 

ye will entirely perish, and no name or trace will remain ot 
you." 

On hearing these words all the representatives of the ani- 
mals, and all the Jin sages said, " Now you have advanced 
an effective argument, and have adduced a conclusive proof. 
Boasters may boast of such things. But now tell us what is 
the nature of the attributes, and excellences, and virtues, of 
those beings who have been the objects of your praise and 
eulogy ; if you know, tell us fully." The men all reflected for 
a while, and kept silence ; no one could tell. 

After a little while a holy person said, " O just King ! 
the truth of the men's claim has been established in the royal 
presence ; and it has also appeared that there is among them 
a class who are near to God, whose graces are laudable, 
whose virtues are estimable, whose characteristics are pleas- 
ing, whose tempers are angelic, whose habits are holy, and 
whose nature is wonderful and miraculous, so that no tongue 
can describe them. The mind fails to understand the nature 
of their qualities, and all the preachers and orators are en- 
gaged during their whole lives in following out the descrip- 
tion of their excellences, and yet do not in reality arrive at a 
true knowledge. Now, just King, what order do you give in 
the matter of these foreign men whose slaves the animals 
are ?" The King said, " Let all animals be submissive and 
obedient to man, and let none depart from their allegiance." 
The animals consented, and being satisfied, they all re- 
turned in security and peace to their homes. 



THE END. 



Ballantyne and Company, Printers, Edinburgh. 



A 

CATALOGUE OF IMPORTANT WORKS, 



IN ALL DEPARTMENTS OF 



LITERATURE AND SCIENCE, 



PUBLISHED EY 



TRUBNER & CO., 

60, PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON. 



Address of the Assembled States oe Schleswig to His Majesty 

the King of Denmark. 8vo. pp. 32. 1861. Is. 
Adler. — The Second Days oe the Festivals. A Sermon delivered 

at the New Synagogue, Great St. Helen's, on the second .day of Passover, 5628, 

"by the Rev. Dr. Adler, Chief Rabbi. Printed by request. 8vo., pp. 16, sewed. 

1868. 6d. 

Administration (the) of the Confederate States. Correspon- 
dence between Hon. J. A. Campbell and Hon. W. H. Seward, all of which was 
laid before the Provisional Congress, on Saturday, by President Davis. 8vo. 
sewed, pp. 8. 1861. Is. 

_ . — The Fables oe -ZEsop. "With a Life of the Author, Illus- 
trated with 111 Engravings, from Original Designs by Herrick, handsomely 
printed on toned paper. 8vo. pp. xiii. and 311. 1865. Cloth, extra gilt edges. 
105. 6d. 

Agassiz. — An Essay on Classification. By Louis Agassiz. 8vo. 

pp. viii. and 381. Cloth. 1859. 12s. 
Agassiz. — Methods of Study in Natural History. By L. Agassiz. 

12mo. pp. 319. Cloth. 1864. os. 6d. 

Agassiz. — Geological Sketches. By L. Agassiz. With portrait 
and numerous Illustrations. 1 Vol., crown 8vo. cloth, pp. iv. and 311. 1866. 
105. 6d. 

Agassiz. — Journey in Brazil. By Professor and Mrs. Louis 
Agassiz. In 1 large 8vo. vol. with numerous Illustrations, 8vo. pp. xx. 540. 
1868. 21s. 

Agassiz. — Sea-Side Studies in Natural History. By Elizabeth 
C. and Alexander Agassiz. "With numerous Illustrations. 8vo. pp. vi. and 
155. 1865. 12s. 

Agiiero. — Biografias de Ccjbanos Distinguidos. Por P. De 
Aguero. I. Don Jose Antonio Saco. En 8vo. mayor, 88 paginas, con retrato. 
1860. 6s. 

Agiiero. — La Guerra de Italia, y la Paz de Villafranca, con todos 
sus incidentes y sus complicaciones y consecuencias politicas hasta la nueva 
constitution de la Peninsula. Coleccion de articulos publicados en varios Perio- 
dicos de Europa y America. Por P. de Aguero. Un tomo en 8vo. mayor, de 
131 paginas. 1859. 12s. 



4 Publications of Trilbner §• Co. 

Americans (The) Defended. By an American. Being a Letter to 
one of his Countrymen in Europe, in answer to inquiries concerning the late im- 
putations of dishonour upon the United States. 8vo. sewed, pp. 38. 1844. Is. 

Anderson. — Practical Mercantile Correspondence. A collection 
of Modern Letters of Business, with Notes, Critical and Explanatory, and an 
Appendix, containing* a Dictionary of Commercial Technicalities, pro forma 
Invoices, Account Sales, Bills of Lading, and Bills of Exchange ; also an ex- 
planation of the German Chain Rule. 17th Edition, revised and enlarged. By 
William Anderson. 12mo. cloth, pp. 288. 1866. 5s. 

Anderson and Tugman.— Mercantile Correspondence, containing a 

collection of Commercial Letters, in Portuguese and English, with their trans- 
lation on opposite pages, for the use of Business Men and of Students in either 
of the Languages, treating in modern style of the system of business in the 
principal Commercial Cities of the World. Accompanied by pro forma Accounts, 
Sales, Invoices, Bills of Lading, Drafts, etc. With an Introduction and copious 
Notes. By William Anderson and James E. Tugman. 12mo. cloth, pp. xi. and 
193. 1867. 65. 

Andrews. — A Dictionary of the Hawaiian Language, to which is 
appended an English-Hawaiian Vocabulary, and a Chronological Table of re- 
markable Events. By Lorrin Andrews. 8vo. cloth, pp. xvi. and 560. Hono- 
lulu, 1865. £1 lis. 6d. 

Anglicns. — A Voice from the Motherland, answering Mrs. H. 
Beecher Stowe's Appeal. By Civis Anglicus. 8vo. sewed, pp. 46. 1863. Is. 

Anthropological Review, The. Vol. I. 1863. 8vo. cloth, pp. xxxiv. 

and 499. 18*. 

Ditto Ditto, Vol. II. 1864. 8vo. cloth, pp. 347 and ccxcii. 18s. 

Ditto Ditto, „ III. 1865. Ditto pp. 378 and cccxviii. 18*. 

Ditto Ditto, „ IV. 1866. Ditto pp. 408 and coxiv. 18*. 

Ditto Ditto, „ V. 1867. Ditto pp. 376 and cclxxii. 18s. 

Anthropological Society. — Introductory Address on the Study of 
Anthkopology, delivered before the Anthropological Society of London, on the 
24th of February. By James Hunt, Ph. D., F.S.A., F.E.S.L., President. Post 
8vo. sewed, pp. 20. 1863. 6d. 

Anthropological Society— Memoirs read before the Anthropological 
Society of London, 1863—1864. In one vol., 8vo. cloth, pp. 542. 21s. 
Contents.— I. On the Negro's Place in Nature. By James Hunt, Ph. D., F.S.A., F.R.S.L., 
F.A.S.L., President of the Anthropological Society of London.— II. On the Weight of the Brain 
in the Negro. By Thomas B. Peacock, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.A.S.L.— III. Observations on the Past 
and Present Populations of the New World. By W. Bollaert, Esq., F.A.S.L — IV. On the Two 
Principal Forms of Ancient British and Gaulish Skulls. By J. Thurnam, Esq., M.D., F.A.S.L. 
With Lithographic Plates and Woodcuts.— V. Introduction to the Pakeography of America; 
or, Observations on Ancient Picture and Figurative Writing in the New World ; on the 
Fictitious Writing in North America ; on the Quipu of the Peruvians, and Examination of 
Spurious Quipus. By William Bollaert, Esq., F.A.S.L. — VL— Viti and its Inhabitants. By W. 
T. Pritchard, Esq., F.R.G.S., F.A S.L.— VII. On the Astronomy of the Red Man of the New 
World. By W. Bollaert, Esq., F.A.S.L —VIII. The Neanderthal Skull : its peculiar formation 
considered anatomically. By J. Barnard Davis, M.D., F.S.A., F.A.S.L.— IX On the Discovery 
of large Kist-vaens on the " Muckle Heog," in the Island of Unst (Shetland), containing Urns 
of Chloritic Schist. By George E. Roberts, Esq., F.G.S., Hon. Sec. A.S.L. With Notes on the 
Human Remains. By C. Carter Biake, Esq., F.A.S.L., F.G.S. — X. Notes on some Facts con- 
nected with the Dahoman. By Capt. Richard F. Burton, V. P. A.S.L — XI. On certain Anthro- 
pological Matters connected with the South Sea Islanders (the Samoans). Bj* W. T. l'ritchard, 
Esq., F.R.G.S., F.A.S.L.— Xli. On the Phallic Worship of India. By Edward Sellon.— XIII. 
The History of Anthropology. By T. Bendyshe, M.A., F.A.S.L., Vice-President A.S.L.— XIV. 
On the Two Principal Forms of Ancient British and Gaulish Skulls. Parr II. with Appendix 
of Tables of Measurement By John Thurnam, M.D., F.S.A., F.A.S.L.— Appendix. On the 
Weight of the Brain and Capacit of the Cranial Cavity of the Negro. By Thomas B. Peacock,, 
M.D.,F.R.C.P., F.A.S.L. 



Publications of TriXbner fy Co. 5 

Anthropological Society. — Memoirs read before the Anthropological 
Society of London, 1865—1866. Vol. II. 8vo. cloth, pp. x. and 464. 1866. 
21s. 

Contents. — I. The Difference between the Larynx of the White Man and Negro. By Dr. 
Gibb.— II. On the Dervishes of the East. By Arminius Vambery. — III. Origin and Customs 
of the Gallinas of Sierra Leone. By J. Meyer Harris. — IV. On the Permanence of Anthropo- 
logical Types. By Dr. Beddoe — V. The Maya Alphabet. By Wm. Bollaert.— VI. The 
People of Spain. By H. J. C. Beavan. — VII. Genealogy and Anthropology. By G. M. Marshall. — 
VIII. Simious Skulls. By C. Carter Blake.— IX. A New Goniometer. By Dr. Paul Broca.— 
X. Anthropology of the New World. By Wm. Bollaert— XI. On the Psychical Characteristics 
of the English. By Luke Owen Pike. — XII. Iconography of the Skull. By W. H. Wesley. — 
XIII. Orthographic Projection of the Skull. By A. Higgins.— XIV. On Hindu Neology. By 
Major S. R. I. Owen. — XV. The Brochs of Orkney. By George Petrie. — XVI. Ancient Caith- 
ness Remains. By Jos. Anderson.— XVII. Description of Living Microcephale. By Dr. Shortt 
— XVIII. Notes on an Hermaphrodite. By Captain Burton. — XIX. On the Sacti Puja. By E . 
Sellon. XX. Resemblauce of Inscriptions on British and American Rocks. By Dr. Seemann. 
—XXI. Sterility of the Union of White and Black Races. By R. B. N. Walker.— XXII. Anal- 
ogous Forms of Flint Implements. By H. M. Westropp. — XXIII. Explorations in Unst, 
Brassay, and Zetland. By 'Dr. Hunt, President.— XXIV. Report of Expedition to Zetland. 
By Ralph Tate.— XXV. The Head-forms of the West of England. By Dr. Beddoe.— XXVI. 
Explorations in the Kirkhead Cave at Ulverstone. By J. P. Morris. — XXVII. On the Influence 
of Peat on the Human Body. By Dr. Hunt. — XXVIII. On Stone Inscriptions in the Island of 
Brassay. By Dr. Hunt. — XXIX. The History of Ancient Slavery. By Dr. John Bower. — 
XXX. Blood Relationship in Marriage. By Dr. Arthur Mitchell. 

Anthropology. — Anthropology and the British Association. Ee- 
printed from The Anthropological Keview for October, 1865. Post 8vo. sewed, 
pp. 22. 1865. 6d. 

Anthropological Society. — Anniversary Addresses, 1863, 1864, and 
1865. Each Is. 

Apel. — Prose Specimens for Translation into German, with copious 
Vocabularies and Explanations. By H. Apel. 12mo. cloth, pp. viii. and 246. 
London, 1862. 45. 6d. 

AragO. — Les Aristocraties. A Comedy in Verse. By Etienne 
Arago. Edited, with English Notes and Notice on Etienne Arago, by the Bev. 
P. H. Brette, B.D., Head Master of the French School, Christ's Hospital, 
Examiner in the University of London. Fcap. 8vo. pp. 244, cloth. 1868. 45. 

Asher. — On the Study of Modern Languages in general, and of 
the English Language in particular. An Essay. By David Asher, Ph. D. 12mo. 
cloth, pp. viii. and 80. 1859. 25. 

Asiatic Society. — Journal of the Eoyal Asiatic Society of Great 

Britain and Ireland, from the Commencement to 1863. First Series, complete 
in 20 Vols. 8vo., with many Plates. Price £10; or in single Numbers, as 
follows; — Nos. 1 to 14, 65. each; No. 15, 2 Parts, 45. each; No. 16, 2 Parts, 
45. each; No. 17, 2 Parts, 45. each; No. 18, 65. These 18 Numbers form Vols. 
I. to IX.— Vol. X., Part 1, op.; Part 2, 55.; Part 3, 55.— Vol. XL, Part 1, 6s.; 
Part 2 not published.— Vol. XII., 2 Parts, 65. each.— Vol. XIIL, 2 Parts, 6s. 
each.— Vol. XIV., Part 1, 5s.) Part 2 not published.— Vol. XV.., Part 1, 65.; 
Part 2, with Maps, 105.— Vol. XVL, 2 Parts, 6s. each.— Vol. XVII., 2 Parts, 65. 
each.— Vol. XVIIL, 2 Parts, 65. each.— Vol. XIX., Parts 1 to 4, 16*.— Vol. XX., 
3 Parts, 45. each. 

Asiatic Society.- Journal of the Eoyal Asiatic Society of Great 
Britain and Ireland. New Series. Vol. I. 8vo. sewed, pp. 32 and 490. I65. 
Contents. — I. Vajra-ehhedika, the " Kin Kong King," or Diamond Sutra. Translated from 
the Chinese by the Rev. S. Beal, Chaplain, R.N. — II. The Paramita-hridaya Sutra, or, in Chinese, 
" Mo-ho-po-ye-po-lo-mih-to-sin-king," i.e. " The Great Paramita Heart Sutra." Translated 
from the Chinese by the Rev. S. Beal, Chaplain, R.N. —III. On the Preservation of National 
Literature in the East. By Colonel F. J. Goldsmid. — IV. On the Agricultural, Commercial, 
Financial, and Military Statistics of Ceylon. By E. R. Power, Esq.— V. Contributions to a 



6 Publications of Trubner §• Co. 

Knowledge of the Vedic Tbeogony and Mythology. By J. Muir, D.C.L., LL.D.— VI. A Tabular 
List of Original Works and Translations, pu ilished by the late Dutch Government of Ceylon 
at their Printing Press at Colombo. Compiled by Mr. Mat. P. J. Ondaatje, of Colombo. — VII. 
Assyrian and Hebrew Chronology compared, with a view of showing the extent to which the 
Hebrew Chronology of Ussher must be modified, in conformity with the Assyrian Canon. By 
J. W. Bosanquet, Esq. — VIII. On the existing Dictionaries of the Malay Language. By Dr. 
H. N. van der Tuuk —IX Bilingual Readings : Cuneiform and Phoenician. Notes on some 
Tablets in the British Museum, containing Bilingual Legends (Assyrian and Phoenician V By 
Major-General Sir H. Rawlinson, K C.B., Director R.A.S. — X. Translations of Three Copper- 
plate Inscriptions of the Fourth Century ad., and Notices of the Chalukya and Gurjjara 
Dynasties. By Professor J. Dowson, Staff College, Sandhurst.— XI. Yama and the Doctrine of 
a Future Life, according to the Rig-Yajur-, and Atharva-Vedas. By J. Muir, Esq. . D.C.L., LL.D. 
— XII. On the Jyotisha Observation of the Place of theColures, and the Date derivable from 
it. By William D. Whitney, Esq., Professor of Sanskrit in Yale College, New Haven, U.S. — 
Note on the preceding Article. By Sir Edward Colebrooke, Bart., M.P., President It. A.S. — 
XIII. Progress of the Vedic Religion towards Abstract Conceptions of the Deity. By J. Muir, 
Esq., D.C.L., LL.D.— XIV. Brief Notes on the Age and Authenticity of the Work of Aryabhata, 
Varahamihira, Brahmagupta, Bhattorpala, and Bhaskaracharya. By Dr. BMu Daji, Honorary 
Member R.A.S.— XV. Outlines of a Grammar of the Malagasy Language. By H. N. Van der 
Tuuk. — XVI. On the Identity of Xandrames and Krananda. By Edward Thomas, Esq. 

Vol. II. In Two Parts, pp. 522. Price 16s. 

Contents. — I. Contributions to a Knowledge of Vedic Theogony and Mythology. No. 2. By 
J. Muir, Esq. — II. Miscellaneous Hymns from the Rig-and Atharva-Vedas. By J. Muir, Esq. 
— III. Five Hundred questions on the Social Condition of the Natives of Bengal. By the Rev. 
J. Long. — IV. Short account of the Malay Manuscripts belonging to the Royal Asiatic Society. 
By Dr. H. N. Van der Tuuk. — V, Translation of tne Amitabha Sutra from the Chinese. By 
the Rev. S. Beal, Chaplain Royal Navy. — VI. The initial coinage of Bengal. By Edward 
Thomas, Esq. — VII. Specimens of an Assyrian Dictionary. By Edwin Norris, Esq.— VIII. On 
the Relations of the Priests to the other classes of Indian Society in the Vedic age. By J. 
Muir, Esq. — IX. On the Interpretation of the Veda. By the same. -X. An Attempt to Trans- 
late from the Chinese a work known as the Confessional Services of the great compassionate 
Kwan Yin, possessing 1,000 hands and 1,000 eyes. By the Rev. S. Beal, Chaplain Royal Navy. 
— XI. The Hymns of the Gaupaayanas and th6 Legend of King Asamati. By Professor Max 
Miiller, M.A., Honorary Member Royal Asiatic Society.— XII. Specimen Chapters of an 
Assyrian Grammar. By the Rev. E. Hincks, D.D., Honorary Member Royal Asiatic Society. 

Asiatic Society. — Transactions of the Eoyal Asiatic Society of 
Great Britain and Ireland. Complete in 3 vols. 4to., 80 Plates of Facsimiles, 
etc., cloth. London, 1827 to 1835. Published at £9 5s.; reduced to £1 lis. 6d. 
The above contains contributions by Professor "Wilson, G. C. Haughton, Davis, Morrison 

Colebrooke, Humboldt, Dora, Grotefend, and other eminent oriental scholars. 

Atharva Veda Pratkjakhya, The, or Qatjnakiya Caturadhyayika. 
Text, Translation and Notes. By William D. Whitney, Professor of Sanskrit 
in Yale College. 8vo., pp. 286. Boards. 1862. 12s. 

Atkinson. — Change of Air considered with regard to Atmospheric 

Pressure and its Electric and Magnetic Concomitants, in the Treatment of Con- 
sumption and Chronic Disease ; with a General Commentary on the most Eligible 
Localities for Invalids. By J. C. Atkinson, M.D. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. yiii. 
and 142. 1867. 4a. 6d. 
Atkinson and Martineau. — Letters on the Laws of Man's Nature 
and Development. By Henry George Atkinson, F.G.S., and Harriet Martineau. 
Post 8vo. cloth, pp. xii. and 390. 1851. 5s. 

Alictores Sanscriti. Edited for the Sanskrit Text Society, under the 
supervision of Theodor Goldstucker, Yol. I., containing the Jaiminiya-Nyaya- 
Mala-Yistara. Parts I. to V., large 4to. sewed, pp. 400. 1865. 10s. each. 

Allgier. — Diane. A Drama in Verse. By Emile Augier. Edited 
with English Notes and Notice on Augier. By Theodore Karcher, LL.B., ©f 
the Boyal Military Academy and the University of London. 12mo. cloth, pp. 
xiii. and 146. 1867. 2*. 6d. 

Austin. — A Practical Treatise on the Preparation, Combination, 
arid Application of Calcareous and Hydraulic Limes and Cements. To which is 
added many useful Recipes for various Scientific, Mercantile, and Domestic 
Purposes. By James G. Austin, Architect. 12mo. cloth, pp. 192. 1862. 5s. 



Publications of Trilbner §• Co. 7 

Awas I Hind ; or, A Voice from the Ganges. Being a Solution of 
the true Source of Christianity. By an Indian Officer. Post 8vo. cloth, pp. xix. 
and 222. 1861. 5s. 

Baconi, Francisci, Verulamlensis Sermones Fideles, sive interiora 
rerum, ad Latinam orationem emendatiorem reyocavit philologus Latinus. 12mo. 
cloth, pp. xxvL and 272. 1861. 3s. 

Bader.— The Naturae and Morbid Changes of the Human Eye, 

and their Treatment. By C. Bader, Ophthalmic Assistant- Surgeon to Guy's 
Hospital. Medium 8vo. cloth; pp. yiii. and 506. 1868. 16s. 

Bader. — Plates illustrating the Natural and Morbid Changes 
of the Human Eye. By C. Bader, Ophthalmic Assistant- Surgeon to Guy's 
Hospital. Six Chromo-Lithographic Plates, each containing the figures of six 
Eyes, and four Lithographed Plates with figures of Instruments. With an ex- 
planatory text of 32 pages. Medium 8vo. in a Portfolio. 21s. 
Price for Text and Atlas taken together, 32s. 

Baital Pachisi (The) ; or Twenty- five Tales of a Demon. A 
New Edition of the Hindi text, with each word expressed in the Hindustani 
character immediately under the corresponding word in the Nagari ; and with a 
perfectly literal English interlinear translation, accompanied by a free translation 

[ in English at the foot of each page, and explanatory notes. By W. Burckhardt 
Barker, M.R.A.S., Oriental Interpreter and Professor of the Arabic, Turkish, 
Persian, and Hindustani languages at Eton. Edited by E. B. Eastwick, F.R.S., 
Professor of Oriental languages, and Librarian in the East India College. 8yo., 
pp. yiii. and 370. Cloth. 1855. 12s. 

Baker. — Lipidhara. A Murathi Primer, compiled expressly for the 
use of accepted candidates for the Bombay Ciyil Service, by F. P. Baker 
formerly Superintendent of Government Murathi and Canarese Schools in the 
Bombay Presidency, and lithographed under his supervision. 8vo., pp. 60, sewed,, 
1868. 5s. 

Ballantyne. — Elements of Hindi and Braj Bhakha Grammar, 
Compiled for the use of the East India College at Haileybury. By James R. 
Ballantyne. Second Edition. Crown 8vo., pp. 38. Cloth. 1868. os. 

Barlow. — Francesca da Eimini, Her Lament and Vindication; 

with a brief notice of the Malatesti, e'l Mastin Vecchio, e'l nuovo da Yerrucchio. 
By Henry Clark Barlow, M.D., Academico Correspondente de Quiritti di Roma 
etc., etc. 8vo. sewed, pp. 52. 1859. Is. 6d. 

Barlow. — II Gran Eifiuto, What it was, Who made it, and how 
fatal to Dante Allighieri. A dissertation on Verses 58 to 65 of the Third 
Canto of the Inferno. By H. C. Barlow, M.D., Author of " Francisca da 
Rimini, her Lament and Vindication"; " Letteratura Dantesca," etc., etc., etc. 
8vo. sewed, pp. 22. 1862. Is, 

Barlow. — II Conte Ugolino e l'Aroiyescoyo Euggieri, a Sketch 
from the Pisan Chronicles. By H. C. Barlow, M.D. 8vo. sewed, pp. 24. 1862. 
Is. 

Barlow. — The Young King and Bertrand de Born. By H. C. 
Barlow, M.D. 8vo. sewed, pp. 35. 1862. Is. 

Bamstorff. — A Key to Shakspeare's Sonnets. By D. BarnstorfT. 
Translated from the German by T. J. Graham. 8vo. cloth, pp. 216. 1862. 6s. 



8 Publications of Trubner §• Co. 

Bartlett. — Dictionary of Americanisms. A Glossary of Words and 
Phrases colloquially used in the United States. By John Russell Bartlett. 
Second Edition, considerably enlarged and improved. 1 vol. 8vo. cloth, pp. xxxii. 
and 524. 1860. 16s. 

Barton. — The Reality, but NOT the Duration of Future Punish- 
ment, is Revealed. An Appeal to Scripture. By John Barton, M.A. Svo. 
sewed, pp. 40. 1866. Is. 6d. 

Beal. — The Travels of the Buddhist Pilgrim Fah Hian, trans- 
lated from the Chinese, with Notes and Prolegomena. By S. Beal, a Chaplain 
in H. M.'s Fleet, a memher of the Royal Asiatic Society, and formerly of Trinity 
College, Cambridge. Crown 8vo. 

Beeston, — The Temporalities of the Established Church as they 
are and as they might be ; collected from authentic Public Records. By "William 
Beeston. 8vo. sewed, pp. 36. 1850. Is, 

Beigel. — The Examination and Confession of certain Witches 
at Chelmsford, in the County oe Essex, ox the 26th day of July, 1556. 
Communicated and Prefaced by Hermann Beigel, M.D. Small 4to., pp. 49. 
1864. 10s. 6cl. 

Bell. — Visible Speech. The Science of Universal Alphabetics ; 

or, Self- Interpreting Physiological Letters, for the "Writing of all Languages in 
One Alphabet. Illustrated by Tables, Diagrams, and Examples. By Alexander 
Melville Bell, F.E.I.S., F.R.S.S.A., Professor of Yocal Physiology, Lecturer on 
Elocution in University College, London ; Author of " Principles of Speech and 
Cure of Stammering," " Elocutionary Manual," " Standard Elocutionist," 
" Emphasized Liturgy," " Beporter's Manual," etc., etc. Inaugural Edition. 
4to. cloth, pp. 126. 1867. 15s. 

Bell. — English Visible Speech for the Million, for communicat- 
ing the Exact Pronunciation of the Language to Native or Foreign Learners, 
and for Teaching Children and illiterate Adults to Bead in a few Days. By 
Alexander Melville Bell, F.E.I.S., F.R.S.S.A., Lecturer on Elocution in 
University College, London. 4to. sewed, pp. 16. 1867. Is. 

Bell. — The English in India. Letters from Nagpore. Written 
in 1857-8. By Captain Evans Bell. Post Svo. cloth, pp. 202. 1859. 5s. 

Bell. — The Empire in India ; Letters from Madras and other 
Places. By Major Evans Bell. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. vi. and 412. 1864. 
8s. 6d. 

" We commend the letters of Major Bell to every friend of India. He is not only an ardent 
lover of justice in the abstract, but he has gone deeply into the questions which he discusses, 
and reasons on them with a force of argument quite irresistible," — Athenoeum, 

Bell. — Remarks on the Mysore Blue Book, with a Few Words 
to Mr. E. D. Mangles. By Major Evans Bell. 8vo. sewed, pp. xi. and 74. 
1866. 2s. 

Bell. — The Mysore Reversion. By Major Evans Bell. Second 
Edition. "With Remarks on the Parliamentary Papers, and a few Words to Mr. 
K. D. Mangles. 8vo. cloth, pp. xvi. and 292. London, 1866. 7s. 6d. 

Bell. — Retrospects and Prospects of Indian Policy. By Major 
Evans Bel], late of the Madras Staff Corps, author of " The Empire in India/' 
" The Mysore Reversion," etc. Svo. pp. vi. and 344, cloth/ 1868. 10s. 6d. 



Publications of Irilbner Sf Co. 9 

Bellew. — A Dictionary of the Pukkhto or Pukshto Language, 
in which the Words are traced to their Sources in the Indian and Persian 
Languages. "With a Reversed Part, or English and Pukkhto. P>y Henry 
"Walter Bellew, Assistant Surgeon, Bengal Army. Small 4to., pp. 356. 1867. 
425. 

Bellew. — A Grammar of the Pukkhto or Pukshto Language, 

on a New and Improved System, combining Brevity with practical Utility, and 
including Exercises and Dialogues, intended to facilitate the Acquisition of 
the Colloquial. By Henry Walter Bellew, Assistant Surgeon, Bengal Army. 
Small 4to., pp. 155. London, 1867. 11. Is. 

Bellows. — English Outline Vocabulary for the use of Students of 
the Chinese, Japanese, and other Languages. Arranged by John Bellows. With 
Notes on the Writing of Chinese with Roman Letters. By Professor Summers, 
King's College, London. 1 vol. crown 8vo., pp. vi. and 368, cloth. 1867. 65. 

Bellows. — Outline Dictionary for the use of Missionaries, Ex- 
plorers, and Students oe Language. By Max Miiller, M.A., Taylorian 
Professor in the University of Oxford. With an Introduction on the proper use 
of the ordinary English Alphabet in transcribing Foreign Languages. The 
Vocabulary compiled by John Bellows. Crown 8vo. limp morocco, pp. xxxi. 
and 368. 1867. 7*. 6d. 

Bellows. — Tous les Verbes. Conjugations of all the Verbs in the 
French and English Languages. By John Bellows. Bevised by Professor Bel- 
jame, B.A., LL.B. of the University of Paris, and Official Interpreter to the 
Imperial Court, and George B. Strickland, late Assistant French Master, Royal 
Naval School, London. Also a New Table of Equivalent Values of French and 
English Money, Weights, and Measures. 32mo. sewed, 76 Tables. 1867. Is. 

Bellows. — The New Dictionary of the French and English 
Languages, showing both divisions on the same page, distinguishing the genders 
at sight by drfferent types, and giving Conjugations of all the Irregular Verbs in 
French, each Irregular Preterite and Past Participle, and the accent of every 
word in English, the respective Prepositions to be used, etc. By John Bellows, 
Gloucester. Revised and corrected by Professor Beljame, B.A. and LL.B. of the 
University, Official Interpreter to the Imperial Court, Paris; G. Beauchamp 
Strickland, late French Preceptor at the Royal Naval School, London. Dedi- 
cated by special permission to Prince Louis Lucien Bonaparte. [In the Press, 

Bellows. — Two Days' Excursion from Gloucester to Llanthony 
Abbey and the Black Mountains. By John Bellows. Fcap. 8vo. pp. 32 
sewed, Illustrated. 1868. 6d. 

Benedix. — Der Vetter. Comedy in Three Acts. By Eoderich 
Benedix. With Grammatical and Explanatory Notes by F. Weinmann, German 
Master at the Boyal Institution School, Liverpool, and G. Zimmermann, Teacher 
of Modern Languages. Post 8vo., pp. 128, cloth. 1863. 2*. 6d. 

Benfey. — A Practical Grammar of the Sanskrit Language, for 

the use of Early Students. By Theodor Benfey, Professor of Sanskrit in the 
University of Gottingen. Second, revised and enlarged, edition. Boyal 8vo., 
pp. viii. and 296, cloth. 1868. 10s. 6d. 

Benisch. — Travels oe Eabbi Petachia of Eatisbon : who, in the 
latter end of the twelfth century, visited Poland, Bussia, Little Tartary, the 
Crimea, Armenia, Assyria, Syria, the Holy Land, and Greece. Translated from 
Hebrew, and published together with the original on opposite pages. By Dr. A. 
Benisch ; with Explanatory Notes, by the Translator and William F. Ains worth, 
Esq., F.S.A., F.G.S., F.B.G.S. 12mo. cloth, pp. vii. and 106. 1856. 5s. 



10 Publications of Trubner Sf Co. 

Benjamin. — Speech of Hon. J. P. Benjamin, of Louisiana, on the 
Right of Secession, delivered in the Senate of the United States, Dec. 31st, 

1860. Eoyal 8vo. sewed, pp. 16. 1860. Is. 

Benjumea, — Gibraltar to Spain ; or, the Important Question of the 
Cession of that Fortress by England, as recently brought before the Spanish 
Public. Being an Accurate Translation of a Pamphlet just published at Madrid, 
and written by Nicolas Diaz Benjumea, Esq. 8vo. sewed, pp. 92. 1863. 
Is. 6d. 

Bentham.. — Theory oe Legislation. By Jeremy Bentham. Trans- 
lated from the French of Etienne Dumont by B. Hildreth. Post 8vo., pp. 
X7. and 472. Cloth. 1864. 7s. 6d. 

Bentham. — Analysis oe Jeremy Bentham's Theory oe Legislation. 
By G. W. H. Fletcher, LL.B. 12mo. cloth, pp. ix. and 86. 1864. 2s. 6d. 

Bethline.— Early Lost, Early Saved ; or, Consolation for Be- 
reaved Parents. By the Bev. George W. Bethune, D.D., LL.D., of Xew York, 
Author of " Lectures on the Heidelberg Catechism," etc. Edited by the Bev. A. 
Pope, late of Leamington. In 1 vol. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. xii. and 173. 
1866. 3s.| 

Beurmann. — Vocabulary oe the Tigre Language. Written down 

by Moritz von Beurmann. Published with a Grammatical Sketch. By Dr. A. 
Merx, of the University of Jena. pp. viii. and 78, cloth. 1868. 3s. 6d. 

Bible. — The Holy Bible. First division, the Pentateuch, or Five 
Books of Moses, according to the authorised version, with Notes, Critical, Practi- 
cal, and Devotional. Edited by the Bev. Thomas Wilson, M.A., of Corpus 
Christi College, Cambridge. 4to. Part I. pp. vi. and 84 ; part II. pp. 85 to 
176 ; part III. pp. 177 to 275, sewed. 1853 — 4. Each pt. os., the work com- 
plete 20s. 

Biblia Hebraica Secundum Editiones J. Athiae, Joannis Leus- 
deni, J. Simonis, aliorumque. Imprimis E. Yan der Hooght, recensuit Augustus 
Hahn. 8vo. bound, pp. 1396. 1868. 6s. 

Bibliomane, Le. — Revue de la Bibliographie antiquaire. Texte 
et gravures par J. Ph. Berjeau. Nos. 1 and 2. 8vo. pp. 20 and 42, sewed. 1861. 
Is. each part. 

Bibliophile, Le. — Revue de la Bibliographie antiquaire, Texte 
et gravures par J. Ph. Berjeau. Nos. 1, 2, 3. 8vo. pp. 16, 32, and 48, sewed. 

1861. Is. each part. 

Bicknell. — In the Track of the Gtaribaldians through Italy and 
Sicily. Bv Algernon Sidney Bicknell. Cr. 8vo. cloth, pp. xx. and 344. 
1861. 10s." 6d. 

Bigandet. — The Life or Legend of Gaudama, the Budha of the 
Burmese, with Annotations. The ways to Neibhan, and Notice on the Phongyies, 
or Burmese Monks. By the Bight Beverend P. Bigandet, Bishop of Bamatha, 
Yicar Apostolic of Ava and Pegu. 8vo. sewed, pp. xi., 538, and v. 1866. 18s. 

BigelOw*. — Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Edited from 
his manuscript, with Notes and an Introduction. By John Bigelow. "With a 
portrait of Benjamin Franklin. Post 8vo., pp. 410. Cloth. 1868. 10s. 



Publications of Trubner Sf Co. 11 

Biglow Papers (The). — By James Eussell Lowell. Newly Edited, 
with a Preface, by the Author of " Tom Brown's School Days." In 1 vol. 
crown 8vo. cloth, pp. lxviii. and 140. 1861. 2s. 6d. 

Ditto. People's Edition. 12mo. sewed, fancy cover. 1865. Is. 

Biglow Papers (The). — Meeib^eus-Hipponax. The Biglow Papers, 
Second Series. With a Portrait of the Author. Post 8vo. cloth, pp. lxiii. and 
190. 1867. 35. M. 

■ Masterpieces of satirical humour, they are entitled, as such, to a permanent place in 
American, which is English Literature." — Daily News. 

* k No one who ever read the Biglow Papers can doubt that true humour of a very high order 
is within the range of American gift." — Guardian. 

"The book undoubtedly owed its first vogue to p-irfcy feeling ; but it is impossible to ascribe 
to that cause only, so wide and enduring a popularity as it has now." — Spectator. 

BlasillS. — A List of the Bikes of Eueope. By Professor I. EL 

Blasius. Reprinted, from the German, with the Author's Corrections. 8vo. 
sewed, pp. 24. 1862. Is. 

Bleek. — A Coxpaeative Gbammab oe South Afeican Languages. 
By Dr. W. H. I. Bleek. "Will be completed in Four parts. Part I., sewed, pp. 
104. 1862. os. 

Bleek. — Pob:menlehee dee eateinischen Speache ZTDlE eesten 
TJnterricht, Yon W. H. I. Bleek. 8vo.pp. 68, sewed. 1863. Is. 

Bleek. — Reynaed the Pox en - South Aeeica ; or, Hottentot Pables 

and Tales, chiefly Translated from Original Manuscripts in the Library of His 
Excellency Sir George Grey, K.C.B. By W. H. I. Bleek, Ph.D. Post 8vo. cloth, 
pp. xxvi. and 94. 1864. 3*. 6d. 

Blyth and Speke. — Repoet on a Zooeogicae Coeeection eeom the 

Somali Country. By Edward Blyth, Curator of the Royal Asiatic Society's 
Museum, Calcutta. Reprinted from the Twenty-fourth volume of the Journal 
of the Eoval Asiatic Society of Bengal ; with Additions and Corrections by the 
Collector, Capt. J. H. Speke, F.R.G.S., etc. 8vo. pp. 16. One Coloured Plate. 
1860. 25. 6d. 

BoUen, Toil — Histoeicae and Ceiticae Ieeusteations oe the Fiest 

Part of Genesis, from the German of Professor Yon Bohlen. Edited by 
James Heywood, M.A., F.R.S. Revised. 2 vols. 8vo., pp. xxxii. and 336, iv. 
and 298. Cloth. 1868. 6s. 

Bojesen. — A Guide to the Danish Language. Designed for 
English Students. By Mrs. Maria Bojesen. 12mo, cloth, pp. 250. 1863. os. 

Boke Of Nurture (The) ; oe, Schoole of G-ood Manees, for Men- 
Servant s, and Children, with stans puer ad mensam. Newly corrected, very 
necessary for all youth and children. Compyled by Hugh Bhodes of the Kinges 
Chappell, born and bred in Deuonshyre, p. 13 and ii. Imprinted at London in 
Fleetestreete, beneath the Conduite, at the sign of S. John Euaungelist. By 
H. Jackson, 1577. 4to., pp. xxx. and 56. Cloth. London, 1868. 10s. 6^. 

Bollaert. — Antiquarian, Ethnoeogicae, and othee Researches, in 
New Granada, Equador, Peru, and Chili ; with Observations on the Pre-Incarial, 
Incarial, and other Monuments of Peruvian Nations. With numerous Plates. 
By William BoUaert. 8vo. cloth, pp. 279. 1860. 15s. 

Bollaert. — The Expedition of Pedeo de Uesua and Lope de 
Aguirre in Search of Eldorado and Amagda in 1560-1. Translated from 
Fray Pedro Simon's " Sixth Historical Notice of the Conquest of Tierra Firme.' , 
By William BoUaert, Esq., F.E.G.S. With an Introduction by Clements R* 
Markham, Esq. 8vo. cloth, pp. 237. 1861. 10s. 6^. 



1 2 Publications of Trubner 8f Co. 

Boltz. — A New Couese of the English Language, after a New 
Practical and Theoretical Method, by T. Robertson. For the use of schools and 
for private tuition, with numerous analogies of English words, with the corre- 
sponding French or German expressions. Translated from his fourth German 
edition into Russian by Dr. August Boltz, Professor of the Russian, the English, 
the Spanish, etc., Languages at the Eoyal Military Academy and the Royal 
Navy Institution at Berlin. 2 vols. Post 8vo., pp. 166 and 160, cloth. 1865. 
Is. 

Book of God. The Apocalypse of Adam Oannes. Post 8vo. 
cloth, pp. 648. 1867. 12s. 6d. 

Book of God. An Introduction to the Apocalypse. In 1 vol. crown 
8vo. pp. iv, and 752, cloth. 14s. 

Bo wditch.— Suffolk Surnames. By N. L. Bowditch. Third 
Edition. 8vo. cloth, pp. xxvi. and 758. 1861. 7s. 6d. 

Bowles. — Life's Dissolving Views. By GK 0. Bowles. 12mo,, 

pp. 108. 1865. 3s. 
Bowling. — On Religious Progress beyond the Christian Pale. 
An Address delivered at St. Martin's Hall, London, by Sir John Bowring, 
LL.D., F.R.S., etc., on Sunday, 14th January, 1866. Post 8vo. sewed, pp. 16. 

1866. 3d. 

Bowring. — Siam and the Siamese. A Discourse delivered by Sir 
John Bowring at St. Martin's Hall, on Fehruary 17th, 1867. Also the Intro- 
ductory Address of J. Baxter Langley, Esq., M.B.C.S., F.L.S. 8vo. sewed, pp. 
12. 1867. 2d. 

Boyce. — A Grammar of the Kaffir Language. By William B. 
Boyce, Wesleyan Missionary. Third Edition, augmented and improved, with 
Exercises, "by "William J. Davis, "Wesleyan Missionary. 12mo., pp. xii. and 164, 
cloth, 8s. 

Bracton aistd his Relation to the Roman Law. A Contribution to 
the History of the Roman Law in the Middle Ages. By Carl Giiterbock, Pro- 
fessor of Law in the University of Koenigsberg. Translated by Brinton Coxe. 
8vo., pp. 182, cloth. 1866. 9s. 

Brazil, The Empire of, at the Paris International Exhibition of 

1867. Post 8vo., sewed, pp. 139. Eio de Janeiro. 1867. 2s. 6d. 

Ditto, Ditto, with Maps and Catalogue of the Articles sent to the 
Universal Exhibition at Paris, in 1867. Post 8vo. sewed, pp. 139, iii. and 197. 
Eio de Janeiro. 1867. 7s. 6d. 

Breiltano. — Honour : or, The Story of the Brave Caspar and the 
Fair Annerl. By Clemens Brentano. "With an Introduction, and a Biogra- 
phical Notice of the Author. By T. "W. Appell. Translated from the German. 
12mo. cloth, pp. 74. 1847. 2s. 6d. 

Bretsclmeider. — A Manual of Religion and of the History of the 
Christian Church, for the use of upper classes in public schools in Germany, and 
for all educated men in general. By Karl Gottlieb Bretsclmeider. Translated 
from the German. 12mo. cloth, pp. 296. 1857. 2*. 6d. 

Brice. — A Romanized Hindustani and English Dictionary, de- 
signed for the Use of Schools and for Vernacular Students of the Language. 
Composed by Nathaniel Brice. New EditioD, revised and enlarged. Post 8vo., 
cloth, pp. 366, 1864. 8s. 

Bridges. — The Unity of Comte's Life and Doctrine : A Reply to 
Strictures on Comte's Later Writings, addressed to J. S. Mill, Esq., M.P. By 
Dr. J. H. Bridges, Translator of Comte's General View of Positivism. 8vo., 
sewed, pp. 70. 1866. 25. 



Publications of Trilbner fy Co. 13 

Brinton. — The Myths of the New World. A Treatise on the 
Symbolism and Mythology of the Red Race of America. By Daniel Gr. Brinton, 
A.M., M.D. Crown 8vo., pp. viii. and 308. Cloth. 1868. I0s.6d. 

Brown. — The Dervishes ; or, Oriental Spiritualism. By John 
P. Brown, Secretary and Dragoman of the Legation of the United States of 
America at Constantinople. Crown 8yo., cloth, pp. yiii. and 416, with 24 Illus- 
trations. 1868. 145. 

Buchner. — Force and Matter. By Dr. Louis Buchner. Edited 
from the Eighth Edition of "Kraft and Stoff," by J. Frederick Collingwood, 
F.R.S.L., F.G.S. Post 8vo. cloth, pp. 320. 1865. 7*. 6£ 
'* The work is valuable on account of its close and logical reasoning, and the profound and 

in many cases striking views taken of the subjects discussed."— Observer. 

BllCkle. HlSTORIA DE LA CrVILIZACION EN EsPANA POR ENRIQUE 

Tomas Buckle. Capitulo 1° del segnndo tomo de la historia de la civilizacion en 
Inglaterra. Traducido de la primera edicion Inglesa por F. Gr. y T. Post 8vo.,. 
cloth, pp. xvi. and 188. 1861. 25. 6d. 

Bumstead, — The Pathology and Treatment of Venereal Dis- 
eases. By F. J. Bumstead, M.D. 8vo. cloth, pp. xyi. and 640. 1866. 21s. 

Bunsen. — Memoir on the Constitutional Eights of the Duchies 
of Schleswig axd Holstein, presented to Viscount Palmerston, by Chevalier 
Bunsen, on the 8th of April, 1848. "With a Postscript of the loth of April. 
Published with M. de Gruner's Essay, on the Danish Question, and all the official 
Documents, by Otto Von TVenkstern. Illustrated by a Map of the Two Duchies. 
8vo., sewed, pp. 166. 1848. 2s. 6d. 

Burgess. — The Photographic Manual. A Practical Treatise con- 
taining the cartes-de-visite process, and the method of taking stereoscopic 
pictures, including the Albumen process, the dry Collodion process, the Tanning 
process, the various Alkaline Toning baths, etc., etc., etc. To which is added an 
Appendix containing all the recent improvements in the art. By 1ST. Gr. Burgess 
12mo. cloth, pp. 283. I860. 6s. 

Burgh. — The Manufacture of Sugar and the Machinery employed 
poe. Colonial and Home Purposes. Eead before the Society of Arts y 
Adelphi, London, April 4th, 1866. By N. P. Burgh, Engineer. 8vo. sewed' 
pp. 31. 1866. Is. 

Burgh. — The Principles that Govern the Future Development 

of the Marine Boiler, Engine, and Screw Propeller. Read before the 
Society of Arts, Adelphi, London, December 18th, 1867. By N. P. Burgh, 
Engineer. 8vo., sewed, pp. 30. 1868. 2s. 

Burton. — Captain Eichard F. Burton's Handbook for Overland 

Expeditions : being an English Edition of the " Prairie Traveller," a Handbook 
for Overland Expeditions ; with Illustrations and Itineraries of the Principal 
Boutes between the Mississippi and the Pacific, and a Map. By Captain Kan- 
dolph B. Marcy (now General and Chief of the Staff, Army of the Potomac). 
Edited (with Notes) by Captain Richard F. Burton. Crown 8vo., cloth, 
pp. 270. Numerous Woodcuts, Itineraries, and Map. 1863. 6s. 6d. 

Busch. — Guide for Travellers in Egypt and Adjacent Countries 

subject to the Pasha. Translated from the German of Dr. Moritz Busch. 
By "W. C. Wrankmore. Square 12mo., cloth, pp. xxxviii. and 182, with 14 
Illustrations, a Travelling Map, and Plan of Cairo. 1858. 7s. M. 



14 Publications of Trubner Sf Co, 

Uuscll. — Manual of German Conversation: A choice and com- 
prehensive collection of sentences on the ordinary subjects of every-day life, 
with a copious Vocabulary on an entirely new and simple plan. By Dr. Oscar 
Busch, Teacher of Ancient and Modern Languages at the establishment of Dr. 
Krause at Dresden. 12mo., cloth, pp. x. and 340. 1861. 4s. 

Butchers. — A Waif on the Stream. By S. M. Butchers. 12mo. 
cloth, pp. viii. and 200. London, 1866. 3s. 6d. 

Calvert. — -Lectures on Coal- Tar Colours and on Recent Improve- 
ments and Progress in Dyeing and Calico Printing. Embodying Copious 
Notes taken at the International Exhibition of 1862, and Illustrated with 
numerous specimens of Aniline and other colours. By Dr. F. Crace Calvert, 
F.E.S. 8vo. sewed, pp. 64. 25. 

Callaway. — Izinganedwane, Nensumansumane, Nezlndaba Zabantxj 
(Nursery Tales, Traditions, and Histories of the Zulus. In their own words.) 
With a Translation into English and Notes. By the Rev. Canon Callaway, 
M.D. Volume I. 8vo. pp. vii. and 390. cloth. Springvale (Natal), Pietermaritz- 
burg (Natal) and London. 1868. 16s. 

Camerini. — L'Eco Italiano ; a Practical Guide to Italian Conver- 
sation. By E. Camerini. "With a Vocabulary. 12mo. cloth, pp. 98. 1860. 
4s. 6d. 

Campbell. — New Religious Thoughts. By Douglas Campbell. 
Post 8vo. cloth, pp. xii. and 425. 1860. 6s. 6d. 

CaiLOIieS Lexicographici : or Rules to be observed in editing the 
New English Dictionary of the Philological Society, prepared by a Committee of 
the Society. 8vo. sewed, pp. 12. 1860. 6d. 

Canticum Canticorum, reproduced in facsimile, from the Scriverius 
copy in the British Museum. With an Historical and Bibliographical Introduc- 
tion by I. Ph. Berjeau. Folio, pp. 36, with Sixteen Tables of Illustrations. 
Vellum. 1860. £2 2s. 

Carey. — The Slave Trade, Domestic and Foreign, Why it Exists 
and how it may be Extinguished. By H. C. Carey, Author of " Principles 
of Political Economy," " The Past, the Present, and the Future," etc., etc. 8vo. 
cloth, pp. 426. 1853. 65. 

Carey. — The Past, the Present, and the Puttjre. By H. 0. 
Carey. Second Edition. 8vo. cloth, pp. 474. 1856. 10s. 6d. 

Carey. — Principles of Social Science. By H. C. Carey. In Three 

Volumes. 8vo. cloth, pp. 474, 480, and 511. 1858—1867. 42s. 

Cape Town. — Pictorial Album of Cape Town, with Views of 

Simon's Town, Port Elizabeth, and Graham's Town, from original Drawings by 
T. W. Bowler. With Historical and Descriptive Sketches by W. R. Thomson. 
Oblong 4to. With Twelve Plates, pp. 44. 1866. 25s. 

Carpenter. — The Last Days in England of the Rajah Rammohun 

Roy. Edited by Mary Carpenter, of Bristol. With Illustrations. 8vo. cloth, 
pp. v. and 255. 1866. 7s. 6d. 

Catherine II., Memoirs of the Empress. Written by herself. 
With a Preface by A. Herzen. Translated from the French. 12mo., boards, 
pp. xvi. and 352. 1859. 7s. 6d. 



Publications of Triibner fy Co. 15 

Catherine II., Memoires de l'imperatrice. Ecrits par elle-nienie et 
precedes d'une preface par A. Herzen. Seconde edition. Revue et augrnentee, 
de huit lettres de Pierre III., et d'une lettre de Catherine II. au Comte Ponia- 
towaky. 8vo., pp. xvi. and 370. 1859. 10$. 6d. 

Catholic, The New Church. Second Edition. 8vo., sewed, pp. 15. 
1867. 6d, 

Catlin, — The Breath of Life. By Gr. Catlin. 8vo., with Illus- 
trations. Pp. 76. 1864. 2s. 6d. 

Catlin. — O-Kee-Pa. A Religious Ceremony ; and other Customs 
of the Mandans. By George Catlin. With Thirteen coloured Illustrations. 
Small 4to. cloth, pp. vi. and 52. 1867. 14s. 

Cavour. — Considerations on the Condition of Ireland, and its 
Future. By the late Count Cavour. Translated by W. B. Hodgson, LL.D. 

Caxton. — The Game of Chess. A reproduction of William Caxton's 
Game of Chess, the first work printed in England. 4to. 1862. In cloth, £1 Is. 
Ditto, full morocco antique, £2 25. 

Frequently as we read of the works of Caxton, and the early English Printers, and of their 
black letter books, very few persons have ever had the opportunity of seeing any of these 
productions, and forming a proper estimate of the ingenuity and skill of those who f rst 
practised the ''Noble Art of Printing." 

This reproduction of the first work printed by Caxton at Westminster, containing 23 wood- 
cuts, is intended, in some measure, to supply this deficiency, and bring the present age into 
somewh:\t greater intimacy with the Father of English Printers. 

The type has been carefully imitated, and the cuts traced from the copy in the British 
Museum. The paper has also been made expressly, as near as possible like the original. 

Cazeanx. — A Theoretical and Practical Treatise on Midwifery. 
By J. Cazeaux. Translated by W. R. Bullock. 4th edition, royal 8vo. Pp. 988. 

1866. Cloth. 245. 

Centoniana. — Eeyue Analytique des Outrages ecrits en Centons, 
depuis les temps anciexs, jusqjj'au XIXieme Siecle. Par un Bibliophile 
Beige. Small 4to., pp. 508. 1868. 30s. 

Chalmers. — The Origin of the Chinese. An Attempt to trace the 

connection of the Chinese with Western Nations in their Religion, Superstitions, 
Arts, Language, and Traditions. By John Chalmers, A.M. Fcap. 8yo., pp. 80, 
cloth. 1868. 2s. 6d. 

Chalmers. — The Speculations on Metaphysics, Polity, and Mo- 
rality of " The Old Philosopher " Lau-tsze. Translated from the Chinese, 
with an Introduction by John Chalmers, M.A. Fcp. 8yo. cloth, pp. xx. and 
62. 1868. 4s. 6d. 

Channing. — Self-Culture. By William E. Channing. Post 8vo. 

Cloth. Pp. 56. 1844. Is. 

Chapman. — George Chapman's Tragedy of Alphonsus, Emperor 
of Germany. Edited with an Introduction and Notes, by Karl Elze, Ph. D., 
Hon. M.R.S.L. 12mo. sewed, p. 152. 1867. 3s. 6d. 

Chapman. — The Cotton and Commerce of India, considered in 

relation to the Interests of Great Britain : with Remarks on Railway Communi- 
cation in Bombay Presidency. By John Chapman, Founder of the Great India 
Peninsula Railway Company. 8yo. cloth, pp. xYii. and 412. 1851. 6s r 



16 Publications of Trubner fy Co. 

Chapman. — Baroda and Bombay ; their Political Morality. A 
Narrative drawn from the Papers laid before Parliament in relation to the 
Eemoval of Lieut.-Col. Outram, C.B., from the Office of Eesident at the Court 
of the Gaekwar. "With Explanatory Notes, and Remarks on the Letter of 
L. B. Eeid, Esq., to the Editor of the Daily News. By J. Chapman. 870. 
sewed, pp. iv. and 174. 1853. 35. 

Chapman. — Indian Political Beeorm. Being Brief Hints, to- 
gether with a Plan for the Improvement of the Constituency of the East India 
Company, and the Promotion of Public Works. By John Chapman. 8vo. sewed 
pp. 36. 1853. Is. 

Chapman. — Bemarks on the Legal Basis required by Irriga- 
tion in India. By John Chapman. 8vo. sewed, pp. 20. 1854. Is. 

Chapman. — Chloroform and other Anesthetics ; their History 
and Use during Childbed. By John Chapman, M.D. 8vo. sewed, p. 52. 
1859. Is. 

Chapman. — Christian Revivals ; their History and Natural 
History. By John Chapman, M.D. 8vo. sewed, pp. 53. 1860. Is. 

Chapman. — Functional Diseases of Women. Cases illustrative 
of a New Method of Treating them through the Agency of the Nervous System, 
by means of Cold and Heat. TVith Appendix, containing Cases illustrating a 
New Method of Treating Epilepsy, Infantile Convulsions, Paralysis, and 
Diabetes. By John Chapman, M.D. 8vo. sewed, pp. xviii. and 74. 1863. 
2s. 6d. 

Chapman. — Sea-Sickness : its Nature and Treatment. By John 
Chapman, M.D. 8vo. sewed, pp. 72. 1864. 2s. 6d. 

Chapman. — Diarrhoea and Cholera ; their Nature, Origin, and 
Treatment through the Agency op the Nervous System. By John 
Chapman, M.D., M.R.C.P., M.B.C.S. 2nd edition. Enlarged. 8vo. cloth, 
pp. xix. and 248. 1866. 7s. 6tf. 

Charnock. — Verba Nominalia : or "Words derived from Proper 
Names. By Bichard Stephen Charnock, Ph.D., F.S.A., F.B.G.S., etc. 8vo. 
cloth, pp. iv. and 357. London. 1866. 145. 

Charnock. — Ludus Patronymicus ; or, The Etymology of Curious- 
Surnames. By Bichard Stephen Charnock, Ph.D., F.S.A., F.B.G.S. CroTrn 
8vo. cloth, pp. 182. 1868. 7s. 6d. 

Chanvenet. — A Manual of Spherical and Practical Astronomy, 

embracing the general problems of Spherical Astronomy, the special applications 
to Nautical Astronomy, and the theory and use of fixed and portable Astro- 
nomical Instruments. "With an Appendix on the method of least squares. By 
"William Chauvenet, Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy. Library 
edition, revised and corrected. 2 vols. 8vo., pp. 708 and 632. With fourteen 
plates. Cloth. 1864. £2 16s. Od. 

Chess. — One Hundred Chess Games, played between Mr. J. 
F. Emmett and Mr. Yivian Fenton, during the "Winter of 1864. Small 4to. 
sewed, pp. 60. Boulogne and London. 1865. 2s. 

Chess-Strategy. — A Collection of the Most Beautiful Chess- 
Problems, composed by " J. B., of Bridport," and contributed by him to the 
chief Chess Periodicals during the last fifteen years. Illustrated by Diagrams, 
and accompanied by Solutions. Post 8vo. cloth, pp. 118. 1865. 5s. 



Publications of Trubner Sf Co. 17 

Chess "World (The).— Volumes 1, 2, and 3, each 125. 1865, 
1866, 1867. Continued in monthly numbers at Is. each. 

Childe. — Investigations in the Theory oe Eeelected Kay- 
Surfaces, and their Relation to Plane Reflected Caustics. Also, in 
the Appendix, A Theory of Plane Caustic Curves, Identified with the 

EVOLUTE OF THE AUXILIARY CuRYE OF EQUIANGULAR INTERSECTION. By 

Rev. G. F. Childe, M.A., Mathematical Professor in the South African College, 
Cape of Good Hope. 8vo. Boards. Pp. 140. 1857. 7*. 

Chronique de Abou-Djaear-Mohammed Ben-Djarir Ben-Yezid 
Tabari. Traduite par Monsieur Hermann Zotenberg. Volume I., 8vo., pp. 
608, sewed. 7*. 6d. 1867. (To be completed in four volumes). 

Claim (The) oe Englishwomen to the Sueerage Constitution- 
ally Considered. Reprinted by permission from the Westminster Review, for 
January, 1867. Post 8vo. sewed, pp. 19. London. 1867. 6d. 

Clayton and Bulwer Contention, oe the 19th April, 1850, be- 
tween the British and American Governments, concerning Central 
America. 8vo. Pp. 64, sewed. 1856. 1*. 

Clegg. — A Practical Treatise on the Manufacture and Dis- 
tribution of Coal Gas, its Introduction and Progressive Improvement. 
Illustrated by Engravings from Working Drawings, with General Estimates. 
By Samuel Clegg, Jun., M. Inst, C.E., F.G.S. Fifth Edition. Greatly 
enlarged, and with numerous Additional Engravings. 4to. Pp. xii. and 412, 
cloth. 1868. 21*. 

Cobbe. — Pemale Education, and How it would be Aeeected by 
University Examinations. A Paper read at the Social Science Congress, 
London, 1862. By Frances Power Cobbe. Third Edition. 18mo. sewed, 
pp. 20. 1862. 2d. 

Cobbe. — Friendless Girls and How to Help Them. Being an 
Account of the Preventive Mission at Bristol. From a Paper read at the Social 
Science Congress in Dublin, 1861. By Frances Power Cobbe. Fourth Thou- 
sand. 18mo. sewed, pp. 14. 1862. 2d. 

Cobbe. — The Workhouse as an Hospital. By Prances Power 
Cobbe. 18mo. sewed, pp. 16. 1862. 2d. 

Cobbe. — The Eeligious Demands oe the Age. A Eeprint of the 
Preface to the Collected Works of Theodore Parker. By Frances Power Cobbe. 
8vo. sewed, pp. 36. 1863. Is. 

Cobbe. — Thanksgiving. A Chapter of Eeligious Duty. By Frances 
Power Cobbe. 18mo. pp. 40, cloth. 1863. 6s. 

Cobbe. — The Cities of the Past. By Prances Power Cobbe. 

12mo. cloth, pp. 216. 1864. 3s. 6d. 

Cobbe. — An Essay on Intuitive Morals. Being an attempt to 
popularise Ethical Science. By Frances Power Cobbe. Part I. Theory of 
Morals. New Edition. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. xv. and 289. 1864. 5s. 

Cobbe. — Italics: Brief Notes on Politics, People, and Places in 
Italy, in 1864. By Frances Power Cobbe. 8vo. cloth, pp. 534. 1864. 12s. 6d. 

Cobbe. — Eeligious Duty. Second Edition. Crown 8vo., cloth, 
pp. vi. and 332. 1864. 7s. U. 



18 Publications of Trubner § Co. 

Cohbe. — Broken Lights. A Survey of the Eeligious Controver- 
sies of our Times. By Frances Power Cobbe. Second Edition. Crown 8vo., 
cloth, pp. ix. and 192. 1865. 55. 

Cohbe. — Studies, New and Old, on Ethical and Social Subjects. 
By Frances Power Cobbe. Post 8vo. cloth, pp. 446. 1865. 10$. 6d. 

Contents.— I. Christian Ethics and the Ethics of Christ. — II. Self- Abnegation and Self- 
Development.— III. The Sacred Books of the Zoroastrians.— IV. Hades.— V. The Philosophy 
of the Poor Laws.— VI. The Rights of Man and the Claims of Brutes.— VII. The Morals of 
Literature— VIII. The Hierarchy of Art. 

Cobbe. — Hours of Work and Play. By Frances Power 
Cobbe. Post 8vo., cloth, pp. 374. 1867. 6s. 

Cobden. — Eichard Cobden, roi des Belges ; par un ex-Colonel 

de la Garde Civiqne. Dedie aux blesses de Septembre. Deuxieme Edition. 
12mo. sewed, pp. 62. 1863. 25. 6d. 

Coleccao de Yocabulos e Frases usados na Provineia de S. Pedro de 

Bio 'Grande do Sul no Brazil. 16mo., pp. 32, sewed, 2s. 6d. 
Ditto ditto, large paper, small 4to. 1856. 5s. 

Coleccion de Documentos ineditos relativos al Descubrimiento y a la 
Historia de las Floridas. Los ha dado a luz el Senor Don Buckingham Smith, 
segun los manuscritos de Madrid y Sevilla. Tomo primero, folio, pp. 216, con 
retrato del Key D. Fernando V. 1851. 28s. 

Colenso. — First Steps in Zulu-Kafir: An Abridgement of the 
Elementary Grammar of the Zulu-Kafir Language. By the Bight Bey. John W. 
Colenso, Bishop of Natal. 8vo., pp. 86, cloth. Ekukanyeni, 1859. 45. 6d. 

Colenso. — Zulu-English Dictionary. By the Eight Eev. John W. 
Colenso, Bishop of Natal. 8vo., pp. viii. and 552, sewed. Pietermaritzburg, 
1861. 155. 

Colenso. — First Zulu-Kafir Eeading Book, two parts in one. By 
the Right Bev. John "W. Colenso, Bishop of Natal. 16mo., pp. 44, sewed. 
Natal. 15. 

Colenso. — Second Zulu-Kafir Eeading Book. By the same. 16mo, 
pp. 108, sewed. Natal. 35. 

Colenso. — Fourth Zulu-Kafir Eeading Book, By the same. 8vo. 
pp. 160, cloth. Natal, 1859. Is. 

Colenso. — Three Native Accounts of the Visits of the Bishop of 
Natal, in September and October, 1859, to Upmande, King of the 
Zulus. "With Explanatory Notes and a Literal Translation, and a Glossary of 
all the Zulu words employed in the same. Designed for the use of Students of 
the Zulu Language. By the Right Bev. John "W. Colenso, Bishop of Natal. 
16mo., pp. 160. Stiff cover. Maritzburg, Natal. 1860. 45. 6d. 

Colenso. — Two Sermons Preached by the Lord Bishop of Natal, 
in St. Paul's, D' Urban, on Sunday, November 12, 1865; and in the Cathedral 
Church of St. Peter's, Maritzburg, on Sunday, November 19, and Sunday, 
November 26, 1865. 8vo., sewed, pp. 12. 1866. 6d. 

Colenso. — The Preface and Concluding Eemarks of Part V. of 
the Pentateuch and Book of Joshua Critically Examined. By the 
Bight Bev. John William Colenso, D.D., Bishop of Natal. Printed separately 
by request. 8vo., sewed, pp. xlvi. and pp. 305 to 320. 1565. 15. 



Publications of Trubner §• Co. 19 

Colenso. — On Missions to the Zulus in Natal and Zululand. A 
Lecture by the Eight Rev. J. W. Colenso, D.D., Bishop of Xatal. 8vo. sewed, 
pp. 24. 1866. 6d. 

Colenso. — Natal Sermons. A Series of Discourses Preached in 
the Cathedral Church of St. Peter's, Maritzburg. By the Right Rev. John 
"William Colenso, D.D., Bishop of Natal. 8vo., cloth, pp. viii. and 373. 1866. 
75. 6d. 

Colenso. — Natal Sermons. The Second Series. Preached in the 

Cathedral Church of St. Peter's, Maritzburg. By the Right Reverend John 
"William Colenso, D.D., Bishop of Natal. Crown 8vo. 1868. 5s. 

Coleridge.— A Glossarial Index to the Printed English Literature 
of the Thirteenth Century. By Herbert Coleridge. 8vo. cloth. Pp. 104. 
1859. 25. 6d. 

Collet. — George Jacob Holyoake and Modern Atheism. A Bio- 
graphical and Critical Essay. By Sophia Dobson Collet. 12mo., pp. 54, sewed. 
1855. Is. 

Comte. — The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte. Translated 
and Condensed. By Harriet Martineau. 2 Vols. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 
Yol. 1, pp. xxxvi. and 480. Vol. 2, pp. xvi. and 561. 1853. 16s. 

Comte. — The Catechism of Positive Eeligion. Translated from 
the French of Auguste Comte. By Richard Congreve. 12mo. cloth. Pp. vi. 
and 428. 1858. 6s. 6d. 

Comte. — A General View of Positivism. By Auguste Comte. 
Translated by Dr. J. H. Bridges. Crown 8vo, cloth. Pp. xi. and 426. 1865. 
85. 6d. 

Conant. — The Meaning and Use of Baptizein Philologically and 
Historically Investigated. By T. J. Conant, D.D. 8vo. cloth. Pp. 164. 
1861. 25. 6d. 

Confessions (The) of a Catholic Priest. Post 8vo. cloth. Pp. v. 

and 320. 1858. 75. 6d. 

Congreve. — The Eoman Empire op the "West. Four Lectures 
delivered at the Philosophical Institution, Edinburgh, February, 1855, by 
Eichard Congreve, M.A. 8vo. pp. 176, cloth. 1855. 45. 

Congreve.— India. By Eichard Congreve. 8vo. sewed. Pp. iv. 
and 35. 1857. 15. 

Congreve. —The Catechism of Positive Eeligion. Translated 
from the French of Auguste Comte. By Eichard Congreve, M.A. 12mo. cloth, 
pp. 428. 1858. 6s. 6d. 

Congreve. — The New Eeligion ln its Attitude towards the 
Old. A Sermon. By Eichard Congreve. 12mo. sewed, pp. 34. 1859. 3d. 

Congreve. — Italy and the! WesternjTPowers. By Eichard 
Congreve. 8vo. sewed, pp. 18. 1860. 6d. 

Congreve. — The Propagation of the Eeligion of Humanity. A 

Sermon preached at South Fields, Wandsworth, 19th January, 1860, on the 
Anniversary of the Birth of Auguste Comte, 19th January, 1798. By Eichard 
Congreve. 8vo. sewed, pp. 22. 1860. 15. 



20 Publications of Trubner fy Co. 

Congreve. — The Labour Question. By Richard Congreve. Post 
8vo. sewed, pp. 24. 1861. 4d. 

Congreve. — Elizabeth oe England. Two Lectures delivered at 
the Philosophical Institution, Edinburgh, January, 1862. By Richard Congreve. 
18mo. sewed. Pp. 114. 1862. 2s. 6cl. 

Congreve. — Gibraltar ; or, the Foreign Policy oe England. By 
Richard Congreve, M.A. Second Edition. 8vo., pp. 70, sewed. 1864. Is. 6d. 

Congreve. — Ireland. By Richard Congreve, M.A., M.R.C.P.L. 

8vo. pp. 40, sewed. 1868. Is. 
Contoponlos.-— A Lexicon oe Modern Greek-English and English 
Modern Greek. By N. Contopoulos. First Part, Modern Greek-English, 
8vo., pp. 460, cloth. 1868. 12s. 

Constitution of the United States, with an Index to e^ch Article and 
Section. By a Citizen of Washington. 8vo. Pp. 64, sewed. 1860. 2s. 

Cornelia. — A Novel. Post 8vo., pp. 250. Boards. 1863. Is. 6d. 

Cornet. — A Manual oe Russian and English Conversation. By 
Julius Cornet. 12mo. Boards. Pp. 424. 1858. 3s. M. 

Cornwallis. — Selections erom the Letters oe Caroline Frances 
Cornwallis, Author of " Pericles," " Small Books on Great Subjects," etc. 
Also some Unpublished Poems, Original and Translated. 1 Yol. 8vo. cloth, 
pp. xv. and 482. 1864. 12s. 

Cotta, Yon. — Geology and History. A popular Exposition of all 
that is known of the Earth and its inhabitants in pre-historic times. By Bern- 
hard Von Cotta, Professor of Geology at the Academy of Mining, Freiberg, in 
Saxony. 12mo., pp. iv. and 84, cloth. 1865. 2s. 

Cotton. — The Famine in Lndia. Lecture by Major- General Sir 

Arthur Cotton, B.E., K.C.S.I. (late Chief Engineer, Madras). Bead at the 
Social Science Congress, at Manchester, October 12, 1866, and printed at the 
request of a Special Committee by the Cotton Supply Association. 8vo. 
sewed. Pp. 46. 1866. Is. 

Coupland. — Shall we Not Go Forward ? A Discourse delivered 
in the Unitarian Chapel, Bridgewater. By William Chatterton Coupland, B.A., 
B.Sc. 8vo. sewed, pp. 20. 1865. Is. 

Coupland. — Incentives to a Higher Liee. Discourses by "William 
Chatterton Coupland, B.A., B.Sc. Fcap, 8vo. cloth. Pp. xi. and 148. 1866. 
2s. 6d. 

Courtenay. — Religious Persecution. Report of the Prosecution 
at Bow Street. The Queen versus Dumergue. From the shorthand Notes of 
John Kelley Courtenay. 8vo. sewed, pp. 12. 1867. 2d. 

Consin. — Elements oe Psychology : included in a Critical Exami- 
nation of Locke's Essay on the Human Understanding, and in additional pieces. 
Translated from the French of Victor Cousin, with an Introduction and Notes. 
By Caleb S. Henry, D.D. Fourth improved Edition, revised according to the 
Author's last corrections. Crown 8vo., cloth, pp. 568. 1864. 7s. 

Cousin. — The Philosophy of Kant. Lectures by Victor Cousin. 
Translated from the French. To which is added a Biographical and Critical 
Sketch of Kant's Life and Writings. By A. G. Henderson. Large post 8vo.> 
cloth, pp. xciv. and 194. 1864. 9s. 



Publications of Trilbner §■ Co. 



21 



Cowan. — Curious Facts est the History of Insects. By Frank 
Cowan. Crown 8vo., pp. 396. Cloth. I860. 7s. 6^. 

Cowell. — Prakrita-Prakasa ; or, the Prakrit Grammar of Vara- 
ruchi, with the Commentary (Manorama) of Bhamaha ; the first complete 
Edition of the Original Text, with various Readings from a collection of Six 
MSS. in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, and the Libraries of the Royal Asiatic 
Society and the East India House ; with Copious Xotes, an English Translation, 
and Index of Prakrit Words, to which is prefixed an Easy Introduction to 
Prakrit Grammar. By Edward Byles Cowell, of Magdalen Hall, Oxford. Pro- 
fessor of Sanskrit at Cambridge. Cloth. New Edition, with Xew Preface, 
Additions, and Corrections. Second Issue. 8vo., pp. xxxi. and 204. Cloth. 
1868. 145. 

Cowper. — Popery and Common Sense. A Poem. By William 
Cowper. Post 8yo., sewed, pp. 8. 1866. 6d. 

Cox. — A Monograph of Australian land shells. By \ James 
C. Cox, M.D. Univ. Edin., F.R.C.S. Edin., Corresponding Member of the 
Zoological Society of London, Correspondent of the Academy of Natural Sciences 
of Philadelphia, Member of Royal Medical Society of Edinburgh, Royal and 
Entomological Societies of New South Wales. 8vo. pp. v. and 112. Illustrated 
by 18 plates, sewed. 1868. £2 2*. 

Cracroft. —Essays, Political and Miscellaneous. By Barnard 
Cracroft, M.A., Trinity College, Cambridge. Reprinted from various sources. 
Two Volumes. Crown 8vo., pp. xyi. and 322, pp. xvi. and 320, cloth. 21s. 



Contents of Vol. I. 

The Session of 1866. 
The State of Affairs in January, 1867. 
Analysis of the House of Commons in 1867. 
The Session of 1867. 



Social Articles: — 

Magnanimity. 

Work. 

Praise. 

Vanity. 

The Talent of looking like a Fool with 

propriety. 
Jealousy. 
Hatred. 
Cruelty. 

Intellectual Playfulness. 
Englishmen's Arguments. 
Manners. 

Private Theatricals. 
County Balls. 

Landladies and Laundresses. 
Man and Bee. 

Cranbrook. — Cpedlbilia ; or, Discourses on Questions of Christian 
Faith. By the Eev. James Cranbrook, Edinhnrgh. Eeissne. Post 8yo., pp. 
iy. and 190, cloth. 1868. 35. 6d. 

Crantoook. — The Fotjndeks of Christianity ; or, Discourses upon 
the Origin of the Christian Eeligion. By the Eev. James Cranbrook, Edin- 
burgh. Post 8vo., pp. xii. and 324. 1868. 6s. 

Crawford. — The Plurality op the Eaces op Man. A Discourse 
delivered by John Crawfurd, Esq., F.B.S., President of the Ethnological Society 
at Martin's Hall, January 13th, 1867, with Explanatory Notes. Also the 
Inaugural Address of J. Baxter Langley, Esq., M.E.C.S., F.L.S. 8vo., sewed, 
pp. 12. 1867. 2d. 



Contents of Vol. IE 
The Jews of "Western Europe. 
Arabian Nights. 
Greek Anthology. 
Ovid as a Satirist. 
Plautus. 

Translation at Cambridge. 
On a Translation of Tacitus. 
Professor Conington's Horace. 
Professor Conington's iEneid. 
Hiawatha translated into Latin. 
Sir Kingston James' Tasso. 
M. Karcher's Rienzi, 
The Etching Club, 
Macaroneana. 
Professor Tyndall on Heat. 
Professor Tyndall on Sound. 
Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy. 
Dreamthorp. 

Mr. Forsyth's Life of Cicero. 
The worldly Wisdom of Bacon. 
Life and Times of Sir Joshua Reynolds. 
Mr. Robert Leslie Ellis. 
Madame de Tracy. 
Madame de Sevigne". 



22 Publications of Trubner fy Co. 

Crosskey. — A Defence of Keligion. By Henry "W. Crosskey* 
Pp. 48. 12mo. sewed. 1854. Is. 

Current (The) Gold and Silver Coins of all Countries, their Weight 

and Fineness, and their Intrinsic Value in English Money, with Facsimiles of 
the Coins. By Leopold C. Martin, of Her Majesty's Stationery Office, and 
Charles Trubner. In one volume, medium 8vo., 141 Plates, printed in Gold and 
Silver, and representing about 1,000 Coins, with 160 pages of Text, handsomely 
bound in embossed cloth, richly gilt, with Emblematical Designs on the Cover, 
and gilt edges. 1863. £2 2s. 

This work, which the Publishers have much pleasure in offering to the Public, coutains a 
series of the Gold and Silver Coins of the whole world, current during the present century. 
The collection amounts, numerically, to nearly a thousand specimens, comprising, with their 
reverses, twice that number ; and the Publishers feel confident that it is as nearly complet e 
as it was possible to make it. 

It seems almost superfluous to allude to the utility of the work. It i3 evident that it must 
become a highly valuable Handbook to the Bu 1 lion-dealer and the Money-changer ; and to 
the Merchant and Banker it will prove a sure and safe work of reference, from the extreme 
accuracy of its details and computations. 

The elegance and splendour of the work admirably adapt it as a choice and instructive 
ornament to the drawing room table ; the amusement to be found in the comparison of 
the taste of different countries as exemplified in their Coins, may chase away many a half- 
hour's ennui. 

In the valuation of the substantial Coins, and the notation of their relative worth in 
English money, the minutest accuracy has been observed, as also in the statements of their 
relative purity, which are given according to the legal Mint regulations of each couutry. In 
exceptional cases only, where official information was not to be obtained of the weight and 
fineness of the Coins, assays as found at different places, are reported. 

The exact weight of the Coins is expressed both in English troy grains and in French, 
grammes, and the fineness by the English technical terms, as well as in French millie*mes ; 
the general tendency of our time towards the decimal metrical system making such a nota- 
tion almost indispensable. For easier reference, tables of British reports for millie*mes of 
gold and silver have been affixed. 

Da Costa. — Medical Diagnosis : with Special References to Prac- 
tical Medicine. By J. M. Da Costa, M.D. 2nd edition revised. 8vo. cloth, 
pp.784. 1866. 245. 

Dadabhai. — The European and Asiatic Eaces. Observations on 
Mr. Crawfnrd's Paper read before the Ethnological Society. By Dadabhai 
Navroji. 8vo. sewed, pp. 32. 1866. Is. 

Dalton. — A Treatise on Human Physiology. For the Use of 
Students and Practitioners of Medicine. By John C. Dalton, Jun., M.D. Third 
Edition, revised and enlarged. 8vo. cloth, pp. 706. 1866. 21s. 

Dana. — A Text-Book of Geology, designed for Schools and 
Academies. By J. D. Dana, LL.D. Illustrated by 375 Woodcuts. Crown 
8vo., cloth, pp. vi. and 354. 1864. 7s. 6d. 

Dana. — Manual op Geology; treating of the Principles of the 
Science, with Special Beference to American Geological History. For the Use 
of Colleges, Academies, and Schools of Science. By James D. Dana, M.A., 
LL.D. Illustrated by a Chart of the "World, and over One Thousand Figures, 
mostly from American Sources. 8vo. cloth, pp. 798. 1866. 21s. 

Dana. — Manual of Mineralogy ; including Observations on Mines, 
Bocks, Beduction of Ores, and the Applications of the Science to the Arts ; 
designed for the Use of Schools and Colleges. By James D. Dana. New edi- 
tion, revised and enlarged. With 260 Illustrations. 12mo., pp. xii. and 456. 
1867. 7s. 6d. 



Publications of Trubner fy Co. 23 

Dana. — A System of Mineralogy, Descriptive Mineralogy, 
comprising the most recent Discoveries. By James D wight Dana and George 
Jarvis Brush. Fifth edition. 1 vol. 8vo., pp 874. 1868. £1165. 

Darby. — Ruggiero Vivaldi and other Lays of Italy. By Eleanor 
Darby. 8vo. cloth, pp. viii. and 208. 1865. 5s. 

Day. — The Land of the Permauls, or Cochin, its Past and its 
Present. By Francis Day, Esq., F.L.S. 8vo. cloth, pp. 577. 1863. 255. 

Deichmann. — New Tables to facilitate the Practice of Great 

Circle Sailing, together with an Application of the Theory of the great Circle 
on the Globe to the sailing, and an Appendix, containing some mathematical 
demonstrations. Accompanied by a scale of great circles on a blank chart, to 
determine without calculation the great circle which passes through two given 
places, and to show the places at which the spherical courses expressed in 
fourths of the point, take place on the great circle's arc between the two given 
places. By A. H. Deichmann. 8vo. boards, pp. viii. and 88. 1857. 5s. 

Delepierre. — Histoire Litteraire des Fotjs. Par Octave Dele- 

pierre. 184. 1860. 5s. 

Delepierre. — Analyse des Travaux de la Societe des Philo- 
btblon de Loxdres. Par Octave Delepierre. Small 4to., pp. viii. and 134, 
bound in the Boxburghe style. 1862. 10$. 6cl. 

"It is probably not generally known, that among the numerous learned associations of the 
British metropolis there exists one called the Philobiblon Society. This somewhat exclusive 
union of bibliographic philosophers was established in 1853, under the auspices of the late 
Prince Consort, and after the model of the French Academy — it being one of the fundamental 
rules of the Society never to depass in number the immortal Forty. . . . The statutes of the 
Philobiblon provided for the annual issue of a volume of historical, biographical, critical, and 
other essays, contributed by any of the forty members, and printed in a very limited edition 
—not a single book to be disposed of for 'money. To enhance the value of the works thus 
published, it was arranged that every member should receive only two copies of each volume, 
to be signed by the president and secretary of the society, and with the name of the 
possessor on the title-page. . . . The contents of this half-a-dozen semi-mysterious and rare 
works have just been revealed in a curious little book published by Messrs. Trubner and Co., 
and got up in exact imitation of the products of Caxton's press. The work is dedicated by 
M. Octave Delepierre, the author, to the Duke D'Aumale, the patron of the Philobiblon since 
the decease of Prince Albert, and one of the leading members from the beginning." — 



" Two unpretending but very useful books have been lately compiled by M. Delepierre and 
Mr. Nichols. The former, whose ' History of Flemish L terature' has already been noticed in 
these columns, has printed an abstract of the multifarious works issued by the Philobiblon 
Society of London, of which, by the way, he is the honorary secretary. . . . How great a boon 
such catalogues as these are to historical and literary enquirers can only be estimated by those 
who have experienced the want of them. . . The gentlemen whose works we have named at 
the head of this paper, have done, in their way and degree, a service to literature which may 
be compared with those rendered by the compilers of the Calendars of the State Papers." — 
/Saturday Review. 

" M. Delepierre, the secretary, is also a very important contributor. By way of tantalizing 
the public he issues this * Analyse,' which is a descriptive catalogue of the precious rarities 
collected by the society."— Literary Budget. 

"The account which M. Delepierre gives of these volumes makes us regret that their con- 
tents have remained, as he tells us, almost unknown to the public, since many of the contri- 
butions appear to be of much interest." — Parthenon. 

Delepierre. — Macailokeana Andra; overum Nouveaux Melanges de 

Litterature Macaronique. Par Octave Delepierre. Small 4to., pp. 180, printed by 
Whittingham, and handsomely bound in the Boxburghe style. 1862. 10s. 6d. 
This Volume, together with the one published by the Author in 185 2, form 
the eompletest collection of that peculiar form of poetry in existence. 



24 Publications of Triibner §• Co. 

Deliberation Or Decision ? being a Translation from the Danish, of 

the Reply given by Herr RaaslofF to the accusations preferred against him on the 
part of the Danish Cabinet ; together with an Introductory Article from the 
Copenhagen " Dagbladet," and Explanatory Notes. 8vo., pp. 40, sewed. 
1861. Is. 

Oelpech. — The Beginner's Comprehensive French Book. By 
J. Delpech, French Master at Christ's Hospital. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. viii. 
and 326. 1866. 4s. 6d, 

Demarteail. — Galvanized Iron, and its Application : A Treatise 
by A. Demarteau on J. and G-. "Winiwarter's Galvanizing and Lead Works at 
Gumpoldskirchen. Oblong royal 8vo., pp. viii. 42. 1862. 2s. 6d. 

Dennys. — The Treaty Ports oe China and Japan. A complete 

Guide to the open Ports of those Countries, together with Peking, Yedo, Hong- 
Kong, and Macao. Forming a Guide Book and Vade Mecum for TraveUers, 
Merchants, and Residents in general. "With 29 Maps and Plans. "With Index 
to Hong Kong, Canton, Macao, Swatow, Amoy, Foochow, Formosa (General), 
Takao, Taiwanfoo, Tamsui, Kelung, Ningpo, Shanghai, Yangtz Kiver, 
Chinkiang, Nanking, Kinkiang, Hankow, Chefoo, Taku, Tientsing, Peking, 
Newchang, Japan (General), Nagasaki, Yokohama, Yedo, Hakodadi and Hiogo. 
Appendices, viz., Means of Transport between England, France, and America, 
and China and Japan. French Mail Steam Ships, Compagnie des Services 
Maritimes des Messageries Imperiales. Extract from Handbook of Information. 
Overland Route to India, China, and Japan. The Pacific Mail Steamship 
Company. Alfred Holt's Line of Steamers from Liverpool to China, via the 
Cape of Good Hope. Distances in Nautical Miles from Shanghae to Towns on 
the Yang-tse-Kiang, and Catalogue of Books, etc., in China and Japan. By 
William Frederick Mayers, F.R.G.S., Her Majesty's Consular Service, N. B. 
Dennys, late Her Majesty's Consular Service, and Charles King, Lieutenant 
Eoyal Marine Artillery. Compiled and Edited by N. B. Dennys. 8vo. Half 
bound, pp. 668, xlviii. and 26. 1867. 42s. 

De Tracy.— -Essais Divers, Lettkes et Pensees cle Madame de 
Tracy. 3 volumes. 12mo., paper covers, pp. iv. 404, 360, and 388. 1852, 
1854, and 1855. 11. Is. 

De Veitelle. — Mercantile Dictionary; a Complete Vocabulary of 
the Technicalities of Commercial Correspondence, Names of Articles of Trade, 
and Marine Terms in English, Spanish, and French. "With. Geographical Names, 
Business Letters, and Tables of the Abbreviations in Common Use in the three 
Languages. By J. De Veitelle. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. 302. 1864. 7s. 

De Yere.— Studies in English ; or, Glimpses of the Inner Life of 
our Language. By M. Scheie de Vere, LL.D., Professor of Modern Languages 
in the University of Virginia. 8vo. cloth, pp. vi. and 365. 1867. 10s. 6d. 

Dewey. — American Morals and Manners. By Orville Dewey, 
D.D. 8vo., pp. 32, sewed. 1844. 1*. 

Diary of a Poor Young Gentlewoman. Translated from the 
German, by M. Anna Childs. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. 224. 1860. 3s. 6d. 

Dickinson's, (John), Pamphlets relating to Indian Affairs. 

The Famine in the North-west Provinces of India : How we might have 
prevented it, and may prevent another. 8vo. pp. 36, sewed. 1861. Is. 

Obstructions to Trade in India. A Letter to P. C. Brown, Esq., of 
Tellicherry. With his Reply. Edited by John Dickinson. 8vo. pp. 15, 
sewed. 1861. 6d. 



Publications of Triibner §• Co. 25 

Dickinson's (John), Pamphlets relating to Indian Affairs — {continued). 
Address to the Members of the House of Commons on the Relation 

between the Cotton Crisis and Public Works in India. 8vo. pp. 39, 

sewed. 1862. 6d. 
Obstructions to Trade in India. A Letter. By F. C. Brown, Esq., of 

Tellicherry. Edited by John Dickinson. 8vo. pp. 20, sewed. 1862. 6d. 

Remarks on the Indian Railway Reports published by the Govern- 
ment, and Reasons for a Change of Policy in India. 8vo. pp. 32, sewed. 
1862. 6d. 

A Letter to Lord Stanley, M.P., etc., etc., on the Policy of the Secretary 
of State for India. By John Dickinson. 8vo. pp. 40, sewed. 1863. M. 

Dhar not Restored, in Spite of the House of Commons and of Public 
Opinion. By John Dickinson. 8vo. pp. 110, cloth. 1864. Is. 

Sequel to "Dhar not Restored," and a Proposal to Extend the Principle 
of Restoration. By John Dickinson. 8vo. sewed, pp. 35. 1865. Is. 

Letters to Malcolm Moss, Esq., President of the Manchester Chamber of 
Commerce. By John Dickinson, F.R.A.S, etc., etc., and John Malcolm 
Ludlow, Barrister at Law, author of " British India, its Races and its 
History," " The "War in Oude," etc., etc. 8yo. pp. 16, sewed. 1866. 6d. 

Results of Irrigation Works in Godayery District, and Reflections 
upon them. By Major-General Sir Arthur Cotton, R.E. Part I. 8vo. pp. 
15, and Appendix, sewed. 1866. 6d. Part II. 8vo. pp. 11, sewed. 1866. 6d. 

Dictionary and Commercial Phraseology in the German, Dutch, 

English, French, Italian, and Spanish Languages, including a complete 
Catalogue of Goods, and Five Tables of References in the above Languages. 
Compiled by Prof. Dr. Brutzer, Prof. Dr. Binder, Messrs. J. Bos Iz, M. W. 
Brasch and others. 8vo. pp. 544, cloth. 1868. 10s. 

Dirckinck-Holmfeld. — Attic Tracts on Danish and German Mat- 
ters. By Baron C. Dirckinck-Holmfeld. 8vo. sewed, pp. 116. 1861. Is. 

Dircks. — The Century of Intentions, written in 1655 ; by 
Edward Somerset, Marquis of "Worcester. Now first translated into French 
from the first edition, London, 1663. Edited by Henry Dircks, C.E., LL.D., 
F.R.S.E., M.R.S.L., etc., Author of " The Life of the Marquis of Worcester," 
" Worcesteriana," etc., etc. Crown 8yo. sewed, pp. 62. 1868. Is. 

Discussion (A) among upwards oe 250 Theological Inquirers on 
the Unity, Duality, and Trinity op the Godhead. "With Discussions on 
the Creation, Fall, Incarnation, Atonement, Resurrection, Infallibility of Scrip- 
ture, Inspiration, Miracles, Future Punishment, Revision of the Bible, etc. 
8vo. cloth, pp.206. 1864. 6s. 

Doherty. — Organic Phi losophy ; or, Man's True Place in Nature. 
Vol.1. Epicosmology. By Hugh Doherty, M.D. 8yo. cloth, pp.408. 1864. 
10s. 

Doherty. — Organic Philosophy. Yolumell. Outlines of Ontology, 

Eternal Forces, Laws, and Principles. By Hugh Doherty, M.D. 8vo. pp. vi. 
and 462. 1867. 125. 

Doherty. — Philosophy of Eeligion. By Hugh Doherty, M.D. 
8vo. sewed, pp.48. 18 65. Is. 

Dohne. — The Pour Gosp els in Zulu. By the Eev. J. L. Dohne, 
Missionary to the American Board C. F. M. 8vo. pp. 208, cloth. Pietermaritz- 
hurg, 1866. 5s. 



26 Publications of Triibner §• Co. 

Dohne. — A Zulu-Kafir Dictionary, etymologically explained,, 

with copious illustrations and examples, preceded by an introduction on the 
Zulu-Kafir Language. By the Eev. J". L. Dohne. Royal 8vo. pp. xlii. 418, 
sewed. Cape Town, 1867. 21s. 

Dolgoroukow. — La Vertte sur le Proces du Prince Pierre 

Dolgoroukow, par un Eusse. 32mo. sewed, pp. 144. 1862. 85. 
DolgoroukOw". — La Prance sous le Begime Bonapartiste, par le- 

Prince Pierre Dolgoroukow. 2 volumes. 12mo. paper, pp. 478. 1864. 10s. 
D. 0. M. — The Triune; or, the New Eeligion. By Scrutator. 8vo. 

cloth, pp. ii. and 50. 1867. 2s. 
Dominquey's History of the Argentine Eepublic. Volume L 

(1492 to 1807), Translated from the Spanish. By J. W. Williams. Royal 8vo. 

sewed, pp. vii. and 149. Buenos Ayres. 1865. 9s. 

D'Orsey, — Colloquial Portuguese; or, Words and Phrases of 

Every-day Life. Compiled from Dictation and Conversation. For the Use of 
English Tourists in Portugal, Brazil, Madeira, etc. By A. J. D. D'Orsey. Third 
Edition, enlarged. 12mo. cloth, pp. viii. and 126. 1868. 3s. 6d. 

D'Orsey. — A Practical Grammar of Portuguese and English 
exhibiting in a Series of Exercises, in Double Translation, the Idiomatic Struc- 
ture of both Languages, as now written and spoken. Adapted to Ollendorff's 
System by the Eev. Alexander J. D. D'Orsey, of Corpus Christi College, Cam- 
bridge, and Professor of the English Language in that University. Third 
edition. In one vol. 12mo. cloth, pp. viii. and 298. 1868. 7s. 6d. 

D'Orsey. — A Portuguese-English and English-Portuguese Dic- 
tionary. By Bev. Alex. J. D. D'Orsey. [In preparation. 

Dour and Bertha. A Tale. 18mo. pp. vi. and 72, sewed. 1848. 
is. 

DruHLmoild. — President Lincoln and the American War. A 
Funeral Address, delivered on Sunday, April 3 Cth, 1865. By Robert Blackley 
Drummond, B.A. 8vo. sewed, pp. 12. 1865. M. 

Duncanson. — The Providence of God manifested in Natural 

Law. By John Duncanson, M.D. Post 8vo. cloth, pp. v. and 354. 1861. 7s. 

Dunglison. — Medical Lexicon. A Dictionary of Medical Science. 

containing a concise explanation of the various subjects and terms of Anatomy, 
Physiology, Pathology, Hygiene, Therapeutics, Pharmacology, Pharmacy, 
Surgery, Obstetrics, Medical Jurisprudence, and Dentistry. Notices of Climate 
and of Mineral Waters. Formula for Official, Empirical, and Dietetic Prepara- 
tions, with the accentuation and etymology of the terms, and the French and 
other Synonymes, so as to constitute a French as well as English Medical 
Lexicon. By Robley Dunglison, M.D., LL.D., Professor of the Institute of 
Medicine, etc., in the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia. New edition, 
thoroughly revised, and very greatly modified and augmented. Boy. 8vo. cloth, 
pp. 1048. 1866. 245. 

Dunlop. — Brazil as a Field for Emigration. Its Geography, 
Climate, Agricultural Capabilities, and the Facilities afforded for Permanent 
Settlement. By Charles Dunlop. Post 8vo. sewed, pp. 32. 1866. 6d. 

Dwight. — Modern Philology ; its Discoveries, History and Influ- 
ence. "With Maps, Tabular Views, and an Index. By Benjamin "W. Dwight. 
First Series. Third edition, revised and corrected. 8vo. cloth, pp. xviii. and 
360. 1864. 
Second Series. 8vo. cloth, pp. 504. 1864. 2 vols. 8vo. 24s. 



Publications of Triibner fy Co. 27 

Early English. Meals and Manners. — John BusselPs Bote of 

Nurture, Wynkyn de Worde's Boke of Kervynge, the Boke of Curtasye, 
B. Weste's Booke of Demeanor, Seager's Schoole of Vertue, the Bahee's Book, 
Aristotle's ABC, Urbaiiitatis, Stans Puer ad Mensam, the Lytylle Childrenes 
Lytil Boke, for to serve a Lord, Old Symon, the Birched School-Boy, etc., etc. 
"With some Forewords on Education in Early England. Edited by Frederick J. 
Furnivall, M.A., Trinity Hall, Cambridge. 4to., pp. c. and 388. With 16. 
tables of Illustrations. Cloth. 1868. 42s. 

Early English Text Society's Publications. 

1864. 

1. Early English Alliterative Poems. In the West-Midland Dialect of 

the Fourteenth Century. Edited by B. Morris, Esq., from an unique 
Cottonian MS. 16s. 

2. Arthur (about 1440 a.d.). Edited by F. J. Furnivall, Esq., from the 

Marquis of Bath's unique M.S. 4s. 

3. Ane Compendious and Breue Tractate concernyng ye Office and 

Dewtie of Kyngis, etc. Ey William Lauder. (1556 a.d.) Edited by 
F. HaH, Esq., D.C.L. 4s. 

4. Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight '(about 1320-30 a.d.). Edited by 

B. Morris, Esq., from an unique Cottonian M.S. 10s. 
1865. 

5. Of the Orthographie and Congruitie of the Britan Tongue ; a 

treates, noe shorter than necessarie, for the Schooles, be Alexander Hume. 
Edited for the first time from the unique MS. in the British Museum (about 
1617 a.d.), by Henry B. Wheatley, Esq. 4s. 

6. Lancelot of the Laik. Edited from the unique M.S. in the Cambridge 

University Library (about 1500), by the Bey. Walter W. Skeat, M.A. 8s. 

7. The Story of Genesis and Exodus, an Early English Song, of about 

1250 a.d. Edited for the first time from the unique MS. in the Library of 
Corpus Christi CoUege, Cambridge, by B Morris, Esq. 8s. 

8. Morte Arthure ; the Alliterative Version. Edited from Bobert Thornton s 

unique MS. (about 1440 a.d.) at Lincoln. By the Bev. George Perry, M.A., 
Prebendary of Lincoln. 7s. 

9. Animadversions uppon the Annotacions and Corrections of some 

Imperfections of Impressiones of Chauer's Workes, reprinted in 
1598 ; by Francis Thynne. Edited from the unique MS. in the Bridge- 
water Library. By Gr. H. Kingsley, Esq., M.D. 4s. 

10. Merlin, or the Early History of King Arthur. Edited for the first 

time from the unique MS. of the Cambridge University Library (about 1450 
a.d.). By Henry B. Wheatley, Esq. Part I. _ 2s. 6d. 

11. The Monarche, and other Poems of Sir David Lyndesay. Edited from 

the first edition by Johne Skott, in 1552. By Fitzedward Hall, Esq.,, 
D.C.L. Part I. 3s. 

12. The Wright's Chaste Wife, a Merry Tale, by Adam of Cobsam (about 

1642 a.d.), from the unique Lambeth MS. 306. Edited for the first time 
by F. J. Furnivall, Esq., M.A. Is. 
1866. 

13. Seinte Marherete, ye Meiden ant Martyr. Three Texts of about 1200, 

1310, 1330 a.d. First edited in 1862. By the Bev. Oswald Cockayne, 
M.A., and now re-issued. 2s. 

14. Kyng Horn, with fragments of Floriz and Blanucheflur, and the Assumption 

of the Blessed Virgin. Edited from the MS. in the Library of the Univer- 
sity of Cambridge and the British Museum. By the Bev. J. Bawson 
Lumby. 3s. 6d. 

15. Political, Beligious, and Love Poems, from the Lambeth MS., No. 306, 

and other sources. Edited by F. J. Furnivall, Esq., M.A. 7s. 6d. 

16. A Tretice in English breuely drawe out of \> book of Quintis essencijs in 



28 Publications of Trubner fy Co. 

Early English Text Society's Publications — [continued). 

Latyn, \> Hermys \> prophete and king of Egipt after J> flood of Noe, fader of 
Philosophris, hadde by reuelacioiuz. of an aungil of God to him sente. Edited 
from the Sloane MS/73. By F. J. Furnivall, Esq., M.A. Is. 

17. Parallel Extracts from 29 Manuscripts of Piers Plowman, with Com- 

ments, and a Proposal for the Society's Three-text edition of this Poem. 
By the Rev. W. Skeat, M.A. Is. > 

18. Hali Meidenhead, about 1200 a.d. Edited for the first time from the MS. 

(with a translation) by the Eev. Oswald Cockayne, M.A. Is. 

19. The Monarche, and other Poems of Sir David Lyndesay. Part II., the 

Complaynt of the King's Papingo, and other minor Poems. Edited from 
the first edition by F. Hall, Esq., D.C.L. 3s. 6d. 

20. Some Treatises by Richard Rolle de Hampole. Edited from Robert 

of Thorntone's MS. about 1440 a.d. By the Rev. George G. Perry, M.A. Is. 

21. Merlin, or the Early History of King Arthur. Part II. Edited by 

Henry B. Wheatley, Esq. 4s. 

22. The Romans of Partenay, or Lusignen. Edited for the first time from 

the unique MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Cambridge, by the Rev. 
W. W. Skeat, M.A. 6s. 

23. Dan Michel's Ayenbite of Inwyt, or Remorse of Conscience, in the 

Kentish dialect, 1340 a.d. Edited from the unique MS. in the British 
Museum, by Richard Morris, Esq. 10s. 6d. 
1867. 

24. Hymns of the Virgin and Christ ; The Parliament of Devils, and 

Other Religious Poems. Edited from the Lambeth MS. 853, by F. J. 
Furnivall, M.A. 3s. 

25. The Stacions of Rome, and the Pilgrim's Sea-Voyage and Sea- Sickness, 

with Clene Maydenhod. Edited from the Vernon and Porkington MSS., 
etc. By F. J. Furnivall, Esq., M.A. Is. 

26. Religious Pieces in Prose and Verse. Containing Dan Jon Gaytrigg's 

Sermon; The Abbaye of S. Spirit; Sayne Jon, and other pieces in the 
Northern Dialect. Edited from Robert of Thorntone's MS. (about 1460 
a.d.) by the Rev. George G. Perry, M.A. 2s. 

27. Manipulus Vocabulorum : a Rhyming Dictionary of the English Language, 

by Peter Levens (1570). Edited, with an Alphabetical Index, by Henry 
B. Wheatley. 12s. 

28. The Vision of "William concerning Piers Plowman, together with Vita 

de Dowel, Dobet et Dobest. 1362 a.d. By William Langland. The earliest 
or Vernon Text ; Text A. Edited from the Vernon MS., with full Colla- 
tions. By Rev. W. W. Skeat, M.A. 7s. 

29. English Gilds, their Statutes and Customs, with an Introduction and an 

Appendix of translated Statutes. Edited from the MSS. 1389 a.d. By 
Toulmin Smith, Esq. [In the press. 

30. Pierce the Ploughman's Crede (about 1394). Edited from the MSS. by 

the Rev. W. W. Skeat, M.A. 2s. 

1868. 

SI. Instructions for Parish Priests. By John Myrc Edited from Cotton 

MS. Claudius A. II. By Edward Peacock, Esq., F.S.A., etc., etc. 4s. 

32. The Babees Book, Aristotle's ABC, Urbanitatis, Stans Puer ad Mensam, 

The Lytille Childrenes Lytil Boke. The Bokes of Nurture of Hugh Rodes 
and John Russell, Wynnyn de Worde's Boke of Kervynge, the Booke of 
Demeanor, the Boke of Curtasye, Seager's Schoole ofVertue, etc., etc. With 
some French and Latin Poems on like subjects, and some Forewords on 
Education in Early England. Edited by F. J. Furnivall, M.A., Trinity 
Hall, Cambridge. 15s. 

33. The Book of the Knight de la Tour Landry, 1372. A Father's Book 

for his Daughters. Edited from the Harleian MS. 1764. By Thomas 
Wright, Esq., M.A., and Mr. William Rossiter. 8s. 



Publications of Trubner §■ Co. 29 

Eastwick. — Khiead Aeeoz (the Illuminator of the Understanding). 
By Maulavi Hafizu'd-din. A New Edition of the Hindustani Text, carefully 
revised, with Notes, Critical and Explanatory. By Edward B. Eastwick, 
F.R.S., F.S.A., M.R.A.S., Professor of Hindustani at Haileybury College. 
Imperial 8vo. cloth, pp. xiv. and 319. Ee-issne, 1867. 18s. 

Echo (Deutsches). — The Geeman Echo. A Faithful Mirror of 
German Conversation. By Lnd wig Wolfram. With a Vocabulary. By Henry 
P. Skelton. Post 8vo., pp. 130 and 70. Cloth. 1863. 3s. 

Echo Francais. — A Practical Guide to Conyeesation. By Fr. de 
la Fruston. With a complete Vocabulary. By Anthony Maw Border. Post 
8vo., pp. 120 and 72. Cloth. 1860. 3s. 

Eco Italip.no (L'). — A Peactical Guide to Italian Conversation 

By Eugene Camerini. With a complete Vocabulary. By Henry P. Skelton 
Post 8vo., pp. vi., 128 and 98. Cloth. 1860. 4s. 6d. 

ECO de Madrid. — The Echo of Madeid. A Practical Guide to 
Spanish Conversation. By J. E. Hartzenbusch, and Henry Lemming. With a 
complete Vocabulary, containing Copious Explanatory Remarks. By Henry 
Lemming. Post 8vo., pp. xii., 144 and 83. Cloth. 1860. 5s. 

Edaljl. — A Dictionary, Gujaeati and English. By Shapurji 
Edalji. Second edition. 8vo. pp. xxiv. 874, cloth. 1868. £1 Is. 

Edalji. — A Geammae of the Gujaeati Language. By Shapurji 
Edalji. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. 1 27. 1867. 10s. 6d. . 

Edda SiEMUNDAE Hinns Feoda. The Edda of Seemund the "Wise. 
Translated from the Old Norse, with a Mythological Index. Part First. Mytho- 
logical. 12mo. cloth, pp. viii. and 152. 1866. 3s. 6d. 

Edda S^mtjndae Hinns Feoda. The Edda of Saemund the Learned. 
From the Old Norse or Icelandic. Part II., Historical. 12mo. cloth, pp. viii. 
and 170. London, 1866. 4s. 

Edda S^emundae Hinns Feoda. The Edda of Ssenmnd the Learned. 
Translated from the Old Norse, by Benjamin Thorpe. Complete in 1 vol. fcap. 
8vo. cloth, pp. viii. 152, and pp. viii. 170. 1866 . 7s. 6d. 

Edgar. — Modern Times, The Laboue Question, and the Family. A 
Brief Statement of Facts and Principles. By Henry Edgar. 12mo. sewed, 
pp. 24. 3d. 

Edgar. — The Positivisms Calendae ; or, Transitional System of 
Public Commemoration, instituted by Auguste Comte, Founder of the Positive. 
Religion of Humanity. "With a Brief Exposition of Religious Positivism. By 
Henry Edgar. 12mo. sewed, pp. 103. 1856. 2s. 6d. 

Edge. — Majoe-G-eneeal McClellan and the Campaign on the 
Yorktown Peninsula. By Frederick Milnes Edge. With a map of 
the Peninsula, drawn expressly for this work, by James Wyld, Geographer to 
the Queen. 12mo. pp. iv. and 204. 1865. 4s. 

Edwards. — Memoies oe Libeaeies, together with a Practical Hand- 
book of Library Economy. By Edward Edwards. 2 vols. roy. 8vo. Numerous 
illustrations. Cloth. Yol. 1, pp. xxviii. and 841. Yol. 2. pp. xxxvi. and 1104. 
1859. £2 8s. 

Ditto, large paper, imperial 8vo. cloth. £4 4s, 



30 Publications of Tritbner fy Co. 

Edwards. — Chapters of the Biographical History of the French 
Academy. 1629 — 1863. With an Appendix relating to the Unpublished 
Chronicle "Liber de Hyda." By Edward Edwards, Esq. 1 vol. 8vo., pp. 180. 
cloth. 1864. 65. 
Ditto, large paper. Roy. 8yo. 10s. 6d. 

Edwards. — Libraries and Founders of Libraries. By Edward 
Edwards. 8vo. cloth, pp. xix. and 506. 1865. 18$. 
Ditto, large paper, imperial 8vo. cloth. £1 10s. 

Edkins. — A Grammar of the Chinese Colloquial Language, 
Commonly called the Mandarin Dialect. By Joseph Edkins. 8vo., pp. 
viii. and 266, sewed. 1857. 20s. 

Edkins. — Progressive Lessons in the Chinese Spoken Language, 
with Lists of Common "Words and Phrases, and an Appendix, containing the 
laws of tones in the Peking dialect. 8vo., pp. vi. and 104, sewed. 1862. 12s. 

Eger and Grime. — An Early English Eomance. Edited from 
Bishop Percy's Folio Manuscripts, ahout 1650 a.d. By John "W. Hales, M.A., 
Fellow and late Assist ant Tutor of Christ's College, Cambridge, and Frederick 
J. Furnivall, M.A., of Trinity Hall. Cambridge. 4to. large paper. Half bound, 
Roxburgh style, pp. 64. 1867. 10s. 6d. 

Elder.— Biography of Elisha Kent Kane. By William Elder. 

8yo. pp. 416. Cloth. 1858. 12s. 

Ellet. — The Mississippi and Ohio Rivers : containing Plans for 
the Protection of the Delta from inundation, and Investigations of the Practica- 
bility and Cost of Improving the Navigation of the Ohio, and other Rivers, by 
means of Reservoirs. With an Appendix on the Bars at the Mouths of the 
Mississippi. By Charles Ellet, Jiinior, Civil Engineer. 8vo. pp. 368. Cloth. 
1853. 16s. 

Elliott. — The History oe India as told by its own Historians. 
The Muhammadan Period. Edited from the Posthumous Papers of the late Sir 
H. M. Elliott, K.C.B., East India Company's Bengal Civil Service. By Pro- 
fessor John Dowson, M.R.A.S., Staff College, Sandhurst. Vol. I. 8vo, cloth, pp. 
xxxii. and 541. 1867. 18s. To be completed in three volumes. 

Elliott.— Memoirs on the History, Philology, and Ethnic Dis- 
tribution of the Races oe the North-west Provinces of India : being 
an amplified Edition of the Glossary of Indian Terms. By the late Sir H. M. 
Elliott, K.C.B. Arranged from M.S. materials collected by him, and Edited by 
Eeinhold Rost, Ph. D., Secretary to the Royal Asiatic Society. 2 vols. 8vo. In 
the press. 

Emerson. — The Young American. A Lecture. By Ralph Waldo 

Emerson. 8vo., pp. 24. 1844. Is. 

Emerson. — Representative Men. Seven Lectures. By R. W. 
Emerson. Post 8vo., pp. 215, cloth. 1850. 5s. 

Emerson. — Essays. By Ralph Waldo Emerson. First Series, em- 
bodying the Corrections and Editions of the last American edition; with an 
Introductory Preface, by Thomas Carlyle, reprinted by permission, from the 
first English Edition. Post 8vo. pp. viii. and 192, sewed. 1853. 2s. 

Emerson. — Essays. By Ralph. Waldo Emerson. Second Series, 
with Preface by Thomas Carlyle. Post 8vo. cloth, pp. vi. and 190, 1858. 3s. 6d. 



Publications of Trilbner §• Co. 31 

Hmerson. — Poems. By Kalph "Waldo Emerson. 1 61110. cloth. Blue 

and Gold Series, pp. 254. With portrait. I860. 5s. 

Emerson. — Essays. By Ealph Waldo Emerson. First and Second 
Series. Blue and Gold Edition. 16mo. cloth, gilt edges, pp. iv.and 515. 5s. 

Emperor of Austria versus Louis Kossuth. A few words of Common 
Sense. By an Hungarian. 8vo. pp.28. 1861. Is. 

Epistle, An. In Familiar Verse. To a Young Statesman. By a 
Loyal Subject. Post 8vo. sewed, pp. 11. 1867. 6d. 

Ethnological Journal. — A Monthly Eecord of Ethnological Eesearch 
and Criticism. Edited by Luke Burke. July, 1865, to March, 1866. 
Nos. 1 to 7, Is, each ; 8 and 9, id. each. 

Ethnological Journal.— A Magazine of Ethnographical and 
Antiquarian Science. Edited by Luke Burke. New Series. No. 1. January, 
1854. 8vo. pp. 90. sewed. 3s. 6d. (No more published.) 

Jlverett.— Self Government in the United States. By the Hon. 
Edward Everett. 8vo., pp. 44, sewed. 1860. Is. 

Everett. — The Questions of the Day. An Address. By Edward 
Everett. Royal 8vo. sewed, pp. 46. 1861. Is. 6d. 

E wbank. — A Descriptive and Historical Account of Hydraulic 
and other Machines for Raising Watee, Ancient and Modern, with 
Observations on various Subjects connected with the Mechanic Arts : including 
the progressive Development of the Steam Engine; Descriptions of every 
variety of Bellows, Piston, and Rotary Pumps ; Fire Engines, "Water Rams, 
Pressure Engines, Air Machines, Eolipiles, etc. ; Remarks on Ancient "Wells, 
Air Beds, Cog Wheels, Blow Pipes, Bellows of various People, Magic Goblets, 
Steam Idols, and other Machinery of Ancient Temples. To which are added, 
Experiments of Blowing and Spouting Tubes, and other original Devices, 
Natures, Modes, and Machinery for raising "Water ; Historical Notices respecting 
Siphons, Fountains, "Water Organs, Clepsydrae, Pipes, Valves, Cocks, etc. In 
Five Books, illustrated by nearly 300 Engravings. 15th edition, with additional 
matter. By Thomas Ewbank. 8vo. cloth, pp. 624. 1864. 21*. 

Exposition (An), of Spiritualism; comprising Two Series of 
Letters, and a review of the Spiritual Magazine, No. 20. As published in 
the Star and Dial. "With Introduction, Notes, and Appendix. By Sceptic. 
Crown 8vo. sewed, pp. xiv. and 314. Cloth. 1862. 6s. 

Talkener. — A Description of some Important Theatres and other 
Remains in Crete. From a MS. History of Candia, by Onorio Belli, in 1586. 
Being a Supplement to the " Museum of Classical Antiquities." Illustrations 
and nine Plates. By Edward Falkener. Pp. 32, royal 8vo. cloth. 1854. 
5s. 6d. 

Tarm (How to Get a) and "Where to Find one. Showing that 
Homesteads may be had by those desirous of securing them, with the Public 
Law on the subject of Free Homes, and suggestions from Practical Farmers, 
together with numerous successful experiences of others, who, though beginning 
with little or nothing, have become the owners of ample farms. By the Author 
of " Ten Acres Enough." Second edition, pt. 8vo. pp. 345. Cloth. 6s, 



32 Publications of Triibner Sf Co. 

Faulkner. — A Dictionary of Commercial Terms, with their 
synonymes in various Languages. By Alexander Faulkner, Assistant Com- 
missioner of Customs, Salt and Opium. Author of the " Orientalist's Gramma- 
tical Vade-Mecum," etc. 12mo., pp. iii. and 158, and Yii. Half-bound. 1866. 45, 

Fay. — Great Outline op Geography for High Schools ant> 
Families. By Theodore S. Fay. With an Atlas of 8 plates in folio. 12mo., 
pp. viii. and 238. Boards. 1867. 16s. 

Felton. — Selections erom Modern Greek "Writers, in Prose and 
Poetry. With Notes. By Dr. C. C. Felton. 8vo. cloth, pp. xv. and 216. 

1857. 6s. 

Felton. — Greece, Ancient and Modern. Lectures delivered before 
the Lowell Institute. By C. C. Felton, LL.D., late President of Harvard Univer- 
sity. Two vols., 8vo. cloth, pp. vi. 511, and iv. 549. 1867. 28s. 

FeuerbacL — The Essence oe Christianity. By Ludwig Feuerbach. 
Translated from the Second German Edition, by Marian Evans, translator of 
Strauss' s "Life of Jesus." Large post 8vo. cloth, pp. xx. and 340. 1864. 
10s. 6d. 

FicMe. — The Characteristics of the Present Age. By Johann 

Gottlieb Fichte. Translated from the German by William Smith. Post 8vo. 

cloth, pp. xi. and 271. 1847. 6s. 

" We accept these lectures as a true and most admirable delineation of the present age ; 
and on this ground alone we should bestow on them our heartiest recommendation ; but it is 
because they teach us how we may rise above the age, that we bestow on them our most 
emphatic praise. 

" He makes us think, and perhaps more sublimely than we have ever formerly thought, but 
it is only in order that we may the more nobly act. 

"As a majestic and most stirring utterance from the lips of the greatest German prophet, 
we trust that the book will find a response in many an English soul, and potently help to re- 
generate English society." — The Critic. 

FicMe. — The Vocation oe a Scholar. By Johann Gottlieb Fichte. 

Translated from the German by William Smith. Post 8vo. cloth. Pp. 78, 

sewed, 1847. 2s. 

" ' The Vocation of a Scholar .... is distinguished by the same high moral tone, and 
manly, vigorous expression ' which characterise all Fichte's works in the German, and is 
nothing lost in Mr. Smith's clear, unembarrassed, and thoroughly English translation." — 
Douglas JerroUTs Newspaper. 

" We are glad to see this excellent translation of one of the best of Fichte's works presented! 
to the public in a very neat form .... No class needs and earnest and sincere spirit more 
than the literary class ; and therefore the ' Vocation of the Scholar,' the ' Guide of the Human 
Race,' written in Fichte's most earnest, most commanding temper, will be welcomed in its 
English dress by public writers, and he beneficial to the cause of truth. — Economist. 

Fichte. — The Vocation of Man. By Johann Gottlieb Fichte. 

Translated from the German by "William Smith. Post 8vo. cloth, pp. xiu 

and 198. 1848. 4*. 

" In the progress of my present work, I have taken a deeper glance into religion than ever 
I did before. In me the emotions of tbe heart proceed only from perfect intellectual clear- 
ness ; it cannot be but the clearness I have now attained on this subject shall also take 
possession of my heart." — Fichte's Correspondence. 

"• The Vocation of Man ' is, as Fichte truly says, intelligible to all readers who are really 
able to understand a hook at all ; and as the history of the mind in its various phases of doubt, 
knowledge, and faith, it is of interest to all. A book of this stamp is sure to teach you much 
because it excites thought. If it rouses you to combat his conclusions, it has done a good 
work ; for in that very effort you are stirred to a consideration of points which have hitherto 
escaped your indolent acquiescence.— Foreign Quarterly. 

" This is Fichte's most popular work, and is every way remarkable." — Atlas. 

" It appears to us the boldest and most emphatic attempt that has yet been made to ex- 
plain to man his restless and unconquerable desire to win the True and the Eternal." — 
Sentinel. 



Publications of Trubner § Co. 33 

Fichte.— Ox the Nature op the Scholar, and its aIaxieestations. 

By Johann Gottlieb Fichte. Translated from the German bv "William Smith. 
Second Edition. Cloth. Post Svo. Pp. vii. and 131. 1848." 3*. 

i great satisfaction we welcome this first English translation of an author who occupies 
the most exalted position as a profound and original thinker; as an irresistible orator in the 
cause of wnat he believed to be the truth ; as a thoroughly honest and heroic; man .... The 
appearance of any of his works in our language is, we believe, a perfect novelty .... These 
orations are admirably fitted for their purpose ; so grand is the position taken by the lecturer, 
and so irresistible their eloquence.*' — Examiner. 

" This work must inevitably arrest the attention of the scientific physician, by the grand 
spirituality of its doctrines, and the pure morality it teaches . . . Shall we be presumptuous 
if we recommend these views to our professional brethren? or if we say to the enlightened, 
the thoughtful, the serious. This— if you be true scholars— is your Vocation ? We know not 
a higher morality than this, or more noble principles than these : they ars full of truth." — 
British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgicdl Rt 

Ficllte, — Memoir oe Johann Gottlieb Fichte. By William 
Smith. Second Edition. Post Svo. Cloth. Pp. 168. 1848. 4s. 

" A Life of Fichte, full of nobleness and instruction, of grand purpose, tender 

feeling, and brave effort ! . . . the compilation of which is executed with great judgment 
and fidelity." — Prospective Review. 

"We state Fichte's character as it is known and admitted by men of all parties among 
the Germans, when we say that so robust an intellect, a soul so calm, so lofty, so massive, 
and immoveable, has not mingled in philosophical discussion since the time of Luther .... 
Fichte's opinions may be true or false ; but his character as a thinker can be slightly valued 
~::>y such as know it ill; and as a man, approved by action and suffering, in his" life and 
in his death, he ranks with a class of men who were common only in better ages than ours." 
— State of German Literature, by Thomas Carlyle. 

Ficllte. — The Way towards a Blessed Life; oe, the Docteene 
of Eeligiox. By Johann Go;tiieb Fichte. Translated i>y TTilliam Smith. 
Post Sto. Cloth.* Pp. Tiii. and 221. 1819. 5s. 

Fichte. — The Popelae Woees of Johann Gottlieb Fichte. 
Translated from the German, with a Memoir of the Author, by T^illiam Smith. 
2 vols. Post 8yo. Cloth. Pp. 554 a and pp. Tiii. and 529. 1859. 205. 

Ficllte,-- The Science or Knowledge. By J. Gr. Fickte. Trans- 
lated from the German by A. E. Krceger. Crown 8vo., pp. 378. Cloth. 
1868. 8*. 

Filippo 31alincontri ; oe, Student Lite rw Yenetia. An Autobio- 
graphy. Edited by Girolamo Tolpe. Translated from the unpublished Italian 
MS. by C. B. Cayley, B.A. Two vols., post 8yo. Pp. xx. and 646. 1861. 18s 

Fitzgerald. — The Boston Machinist. Being a Complete School 

for the Apprentice as well as the Advanced Machinist, sb owing how to make 

and use every tool in every branch of the business, with a Treatise on Screw 

and Gear Cutting'. By Walter Fitzgerald, Inventor and Mechanical Engineer. 

.:•. cloth, pp. I 2s. 60. 

Fletcher.-— Analysis oe Bertram's Theoey oe Legislation. By 
G. W. H. Fletcher, LL.B., of the Civil Service Commission. 12mo. cloth, 
pp. ix. and 86. 1864. 2.5. M. 

Fox. — The See vice m Co^eemoeation oe William Johnson Fox, 
late M.P. for Oldham, and Minister at South Place, Finsbury. At Finsbury 
Chapel, on Sundav Morning, June 12, 1864. By M. D. Conway. Post 8vo., 
sewed, pp. 23. 1864. 6d. 

D 



34 Publications of Trilbner <5f Co. 

Fox, — Memorial Edition of Collected Works, by W. J. Fox : — 
Vol. I. Lectures, Lessons, etc., prior to 1824. 8vo. cloth, pp. 390. 1865. 5s. 
Vol. 2. Christ and Christianity. 8vo. cloth, pp. 355. 1865. 5s. 
Yol. 3. Miscellaneous Lectures and Sermons, and Twenty Sermons on Prin- 
ciples of Morality Inculcated in Holy Scripture. 8vo. cloth, pp. 350. 1865. 

5s. 
Yol. 4. Anti-Corn Law Speeches and occasional Speeches. 8vo. cloth, pp. 378. 

1866. 5s. 
Yol. 5. Letters on the Corn Laws. By a Norwich Weaver Boy, and Extracts 

from Letters hy Publicola. 8vo. cloth, pp. 325. 1866. 5s. 
Yol. 6. Miscellaneous Essays, Political, Literary, Critical, and Biographical. 

From the Retrospective Review, Westminster Review, Monthly Repository, 

Morning Chronicle, etc. 8vo. cloth, pp. 424. 1867. 5s. 
Yol. 7. Reports of Lectures at South Place Chapel, Finsbury. 8vo. cloth, 

pp. 312. 1865. 5s. 
Yol. 8. Reports of Lectures at South Place Chapel, Finsbury. 8vo. cloth, pp. 

321. 1865. 5s. 
Yol. 9. Reports of Lectures at South Place Chapel, Finsbury, supplementary to 

the Course on the Religious Ideas. 8vo. cloth, pp. 323. 1867. 5s. 
Yol. 10. Reports of Lectures at South Place Chapel, Finsbury, supplementary 

to the Course on the Religious Ideas, and Miscellaneous Lectures. 8vo. cloth, 

pp. 314. 1867. 5s. 
Yol. 11. Reports of Miscellaneous Lectures at South Place Chapel, Finsbury. 

8vo. cloth, pp. vi. and 322. 1868. 5s. 
Yol. 12. Reports of Miscellaneous Lectures at South Place Chapel, Finsbury. 
8vo. cloth, pp. viii. and 358. 1868. 5s. 
Foxtan. — The Priesthood and the People. By Frederick J. 
Foxton, A.B., Author of " Popular Christianity," etc. 8vo., pp. 58, sewed. 
1862. Is. 6d. 

Foxton. — Popular Christianity ; its Transition State, and 
Probable Development. By Frederick J. Foxton, A.B., formerly of Pem- 
broke College, Oxford, and Perpetual Curate of Stoke Prior and Doeklow, 
Herefordshire. Post 8vo. cloth, pp. ix. and 226. 1849. 5s. 

Francis. — Lowell Hydraulic Experiments. Being a selection 
from experiments on Hydraulic Motors, on the Flow of Water over Weirs, in 
Open Canals of Uniform Rectangular Section and through Submerged Orifices 
and Diverging Tubes, made at Lowell, Massachusetts. By James B. Francis, 
Civil Engineer, Member of the American Society of Civil Engineers and Archi- 
tects, Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Member of the 
American Philosophical Society, etc. Second Edition. Revised and enlarged. 
"With many new experiments and additional illustrations. 4to., pp. 250, 23 
plates. Cloth. 1868. £o 3s. 

Franklin. —Liee and Times of Benjamin Franklin. By James 
Parton. With Steel Portraits. Two vols. 8vo., pp. 1,336. 1864. 21s. 

Free Press (Publications of the) : 

Reasons fob, demanding Investigations into the Charges against Lord 
Palmerston. 8vo., pp. 19. 1840. Is. 

The Crisis — France in Face of the Four Powers. With Supplement, by- 
David Urquhart. Svo., pp. 58. 1840. Is. 

The Sulphur Monopoly. By David Urquhart. 8vo., pp. 8. 1840. 3d. 

The Edinburgh Review and the Affghan "War. By David Urquhart. 
8vo., pp. 61. 1843. 6d, 

A Fragment of the History of Servia, 1843. By David Urquhart. 8vo., 
pp. 96. 6d. 

An Appeal against Faction. By^David Urquhart. 8vo., pp. 56. 1843. Is. 



Publications of Triibner fy Co. 35 

Free Press (Publications of the) — continued. 

Canada under Successive Administrations. By David Urquhart. 8vo., 
pp. 100. 1844. Is. 

The Channel Islands— Norman Laws and Modern Practice. 8vo., pp. 
32. 1844. 6d. 

Public Opinion and its Organs. By David Urquhart. 8vo., pp. 94. 
1855. 6d. 

The Serf and the Cossack. By Francis Marx. 8vo., pp. 60. 1855. 6d. 

Tucker's Political Fly Sheets. 8vo. 1855. 3*. Containing: — P aimer ston and 
Poland; Palmerston, what has he done? England's Part in Turkey's Fall; 
War/*?/- Bussia — not against Bussia ; Louis Napoleon, Bussia, Circassia ; the 
Invasion of the Crimea ; the Words of Palmerston ; the Spider and the Fly ; 
the Home Face of the Four Points. 

The Free Press Serials. 8vo. 1855-56. Containing: — The Nation Cheated 
out of its Food; Visit of David Urquhart to the Hungarian Exiles at 
Kutayah ; Contradictions of Lord Clarendon in reference to Corn ; The 
Story of the Life of Lord Palmerston ; the Affghan War ; the Will of 
Peter the Great. 

Parliamentary Usurpations in reference to Money Cognizance and Suppression 
of Treason by leading Statesmen and Diplomatists ; Betrayal of Denmark to 
Bussia ; the Chartist Correspondence ; Selections from the Blue Books as 
Materials for Study, by Gustavus ; the Danger of the Political Balance of 
Europe ; Crimes of Louis Philip ; Beport of the Newcastle Committee on the 
Union of the Principalities. 

Beports of Committees of the Birmingham Conference, on the Bight 
of Search and Newspaper Folio. 6d. 

The Proposed Basis of Pacification known as the Four Points. 

1855. Is. 

Newcastle Committee Beports, on the Limitation of the Supply of 

Grain, and Constitutional Remarks. 8vo., pp. 48. 1855. 6d. 
Famillir Words as Affecting England and the English. 8vo., pp. 350. 

1856. 25. 

The Turkish Bath, with a View to its Introduction into the British 

Dominions. 8vo., pp. 68. 1856. Is. 
The Queen and the Premier. 8vo., pp. 32. 1857. 6d. 
The Bebellion of India. By David Urquhart. 8vo., pp. 46. Is. 
The Hostilities at Canton. By Augustus G. Stapleton. 8vo., pp. 16. 

1857. 6d. 

The Immediate Cause of the Indian Mutiny. By G. Crawshay. 8vo., 

pp. 28. 1857. 6d. 
The Beport of the East Indian Committee of the Colonial Society on 

the Military Operations in China. 8vo., pp. 67. 1857. 6d. 
The Beport of the Bradford Committee what Constitutes Lawful War. 

8vo., pp. 24. 1857. 
The Sraddha, the Keystone of the Brahminical, Buddhistic, and Arian 

Beligions. By David Urquhart. 8yo., pp. 43. 1858. Is. 
The Growth of Bussian Power, contingent on the Decay of the British 

Constitution. 8vo., pp. 18. 1858. 6d. 
Proselytism Destructive of Christianity, 8vo., pp. 44. By G. Crawshay. 

1858. Is. 

Catastrophe of the East India Company. By G. Crawshay. 8vo., pp. 24. 

1858. M. 

Kossuth and Urquhart. Estrath di una Corrispondenza. 8vo., pp. 40. 

1859. Is. 

How Bussia tries to get lnto her Hands the Supply of Corn of the 

Whole of Europe. 8vo., pp. 24. 1859. 6d. 
The European Complication Explained. By G. Crawshay. 8vo., pp. 10. 

1859. 6d. 



36 Publications of Trubner §• Co. 

Free Press (Publications of the) — continued. 

David Urquhart on the Italian War. To which is added a Memoir of 
Earope, drawn up for the Instruction of the present Emperor of Russia. 8vo., 
pp. 40. 1859. Is. 

The Russo-Dutch Question. Obligations of England to Eussia contracted to 

ensure the maintenance of the Kingdom of Poland, and paid for its Suppres- 
sion. 4to., pp. 15. 6d. 
A Letter on the Danger to England oe Austria's Subjugation. 8vo. 

pp. 8. 1859. 6d. 
The Affghan Papers. Eeport and Petition of the Newcastle Foreign Affairs, 

Association. 8vo., pp. 32. 1860. 6d. 
The Invasion of England. By David Urquhart. 8vo., pp. 18. Zd. 
The Dure of Coburg's Pamphlet. The Despots as Eevolutionists. 8vo., 

pp. 31. Is. 
Palmerston Unmasked. Answer to Ismail's Eeply to the Duke of Coburg's 

Pamphlet. By Edward Fischel. 8vo., pp. 51. Is.* 
Succession to the Crown of Denmark. Speech of Lord E. Montague. 8vo. 

pp. 24. 1861. Is. 
The Pacific and the Amaar. By Francis Mark. 8vo., pp. 28. Is. 
The Defence of England. Nine Letters by a Journeyman Shoemaker. 8vo., 

pp. 34. 1862. U. 
Circassia. Speech of S. E. Eolland at Preston. 8vo., dp. 34. 1862. Is. 
The Eight of Search. Two Speeches, by David Urquhart. January 20 and 

27. 8vo., pp. 103. 1862. Is. 
The Circassian "War and Polish Insurrection. Secret of Eussia in 

the Caspiana Euxine. 8vo., pp. 102. 1863. Is. 

The Expedition of the Chesepeake to Circassia. 8vo., pp. 18 1864. 6d. 

The New Heresy — Proselytism substituted for Righteousness. By 
David Urquhart. 4to., pp. 19. 1862. 6d. 

The Reason for abrogating the Treaty of London of May 8th, 1852. 
Presented by a Deputation from the Lancashire Foreign Affairs Committee. 
4to., pp. 15. 6d. 

The Story of the Crimean War. From the Times and Herald Corre- 
spondents, and the evidence before the Sebastopol Committee. 4to., pp. 24. 3d. 

Debates on the Motion for Papers, with a View to the Impeachment of 
Viscount Palmerston. 4to., pp. 59. Is. 6d. 

Fried rich. — Progressive German Eeader, with Copious Notes 
to the First Part. By P. Friedrich. Crown 8vo., pp. 166. Cloth. 1868. 
4s. Gd, 

Froembling. — Graduated German Header, consisting of a selec- 
tion from the most popular writers, arranged progressively; with a complete 
Vocabulary for the first part. By Friedrich Otto Froembling. 12mo., pp. viii. 
and 256. Cloth. 1867. 3s. 6d. 

Froembling. — Graduated Exercises eor Translation into German. 
Consisting of Extracts from the best English Authors, arranged progressively ; 
with an Appendix, containing Idiomatic Notes. By Friedrich Otto Froembling, 
Ph.D., Principal German Master at the City of London School. Crown 8vo., 
cloth, pp xiv. and 322. With Notes, pp. 66. 1867. 4s. 6d. Without Exer- 
cises, 4s. 



Publications of Trilbner §■ Co. 37 

Fronde. — The Book of Job. By J. A. Froude, M.A., late Fellow 
of Exeter College, Oxford. Eeprinted from the Westminster Review. New 
Series, No. 7. Syo., sewed, pp. 38. 1853. 8UL 

Pmston.— Echo Francais. A Practical Guide to French Con- 
versation. By F. de la Fruston. With a Vocabulary. 12mo., pp. yi. and 192. 
Cloth. 35. 

Fulton. — The Facts and Fallacies of the Sabbath Question 
considered Scriptl'SAxly. By Henry Fulton. 12mo., limp cloth, pp. 108. 
1858. Is. 6d. 

Furnivall. — Education m Early England. Some Notes used as 
forewords to a Collection of Treatises on "Manners and Meals in Olden Times," 
for the Early English Text Society. By Frederick J. Furnivall, M.A. 8vo., 
sewed, pp. 4 and Ixxiy. 1867. Is. 

Furnivall. — A Concise Middle-English Dictionary for the 
Period, 1250 — 1526, the beginning oe Early English to the date oe the 
First English New Testament. Edited by F. J. Furniyali, Esq., M.A. 8vo. 

Galitzin. — Emancipation-Fantasia. Dedicated to the Eussian 
people. By Prince George Galitzin. Partition to Orchestra and Piano Duet. 
Fol. pp. 38, sewed. 1861. 5s. 

Galitzin. — The Heezen Valse, for two performers on the piano- 
forte. Composed by Prince George Galitzin. Folio, pp. 20, sewed, os. 

Gavazzi. — Lecture. By Signor Gavazzi, on " Garibaldi,' ' delivered 
at the Liverpool Institute, October 3rd, 1864. 12mo., sewed, pp. 20. 1864. 2d. 

Geiger.— Jedaism and its History. By Dr. Abraham Geiger, 
Eabbi of the Israelitish Congregation at Frankfort. Translated by M. Mayer. 
Yol. I. Closing with the Destruction of the Second Temple. To which is 
added an Appendix. " Strauss and Penan." 8yo., half-bound, pp. x. and 344. 
1866. 105. 6d. 

Geological Magazine (The) ; or Monthly Journal of Geology, with 

which is incorporated " The Geologist." Edited by Henry "Woodward, F.G.S., 
F.Z.S., Honorary Member of the Geological Societies of Glasgow and Norwich ; 
Corresponding Member of the Natural History Society of Montreal. Assisted 
by Professor John Morris, F.G.S., etc., etc, and Robert Etheridge, F.R.S.E., 
F.G.S. Yolume III. 8vo. pp. 592, cloth. January to December, 1866. 205. 
Yolunie IV. 8yo. pp. iv. and 584, cloth. January to December, 1867. 205. 
Continued monthly. 

Germany and Italy. — Answer to Mazzini's " Italy and Ger- 
many." By Eodbertus, De Berg, and L. Bucher. 8vo., pp. 20, sewed. 1861. Is. 

Gervinus. — The Mission oe the German Catholics. By G. G. 

Gervinus, Professor of History in the University of Heidelberg. Translated from 
the German. Post 8yo., sewed, pp. iv. and 66. 1846. Is. 



38 Publications of Trilbner §• Co. 

GesenillS. — Hebrew Grammar. Translated from the 17th edition 
by Dr. T. J". Conant, including the corrections and additions of Dr. E. Rodiger, 
with Grammatical Exercises and Chrestomathy, by the Translator. 8vo. cloth. 
pp. xv. and 297. Exercises, pp. 20. Chrestomathy, pp. 64. 1864. 10s. 6d. 

GresenillS. — Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testa- 
ment, including the Biblical Chaldee. Translated by Edward Robinson, with 
corrections and additions by the Author. 14th Edition. Boyal 8vo. cloth, pp. ix. 
and 1160. 1855. 25s. 

Gessner. — Le Droit des Neutres sur Mer. Par L. Gressner. 8vo. 
Paper covers, pp. 437. 1865. 7s. 

Ghose. — The Open Competition for the Civil Service of India. 
By Manomohan Ghose, of the Calcutta University and Lincolns' Inn. 8vo., 
sewed, pp. 68. 1866. Is. 6d. 

Giles. — Hebrew Records. An Historical Enquiry concerning the 
Age, Authorship, and Authenticity of the Old Testament. By Bev. Dr. Giles, 
late Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Second Edition. 8vo. pp. 356, 
cloth. 1853. 10s. 6d. 

Gillespie. — A Treatise on Land- Surveying ; comprising the 

Theory developed from Five Elementary Principles ; and the Practice with the 
Chain alone, the Compass, the Transit, the Theodolite, the Plain Table, etc. 
Illustrated by 400 Engravings and a Magnetic Chart. By "W. M. Gillespie, 
LL.D., C.E. 8vo., cloth, pp. 424 and 84. 8th Edition. 1867. 16s. 

Gillespie. — A Manual of the Principles and Practice oe Eoad 
Making ; comprising the Location, Construction, and Improvement of Boads- 
(common, Macadam, paved, planked, etc.) and Bailroads. By "W. M. Gillespie, 
LL.D., C.E. Ninth Edition, with Additions. Post 8vo., cloth, pp. 372. 
1867. 9s. 

Gillmore. — Engineer and Artillery Operations against the 
Defences of Charleston Harbour in 1863, comprising the Descent upon Morris 
Island, the Demolition of Fort Sumter, the Reduction of Forts Wagner and 
Gregg, with Observations on Heavy Ordnance, Fortifications, etc. By G. A. 
Gillmore. Illustrated by 76 Plates and Engraved Yiews. 8vo. cloth, pp. vi. and 
354. 1865. 45s. 

GieDnie. — King Arthur ; or, the Drama of the Revolution. By 
John S. Stuart Glennie, M.A., F.S.A., F.B.A.S., etc. Volume L, Prologue and 
Overture. 12mo. cloth, pp. vi. and 279. 1867. 7*. 6d. 

Gliddon. — Ancient Egypt. Her monuments, hieroglyphics, history, 
and archaeology, and other subjects connected with hieroglyphical literature. 
By George B. Gliddon, late United States Consul at Cairo. Fifteenth edition. 
Bevised and corrected, with an Appendix. 4to. pp. 68, sewed. 2s. 6d. 

God's Commandments, according to Moses, according to Christ, 
and according to our present knowledge. A Sketch suggestive of a New 
Westminster Confession of Faith. For the Laity of the 19th Century. 
Addressed to all who deem it their highest duty, as well as right, to think for 
themselves. 8vo., sewed, pp. 24. 1867. 6d. 



Publications of Trilbner § Co. 39 

Goethe. — Fecials Characters of Goethe. From the original 
Drawings of William Kaulbach. With explanatory text, by George Henry 
Lewes. Folio, 21 full page steel engravings. Cloth, gilt. 1868. £7 7s. 

Goethe's Correspondence ttith a Child. 8vo., pp. viii. and 498. 
i860. 7*. Qd. 

Golden A. B. C. — Designed by Gkistav Kbnig. Engraved by Julius 
Thater. Oblong, cloth, os. 

Goldstiicker.— A Co:utendious Sanskrit-English Dictionary, for 

the Use of those who intend to read the Easier Works of Classical Sanskrit 
Literature. By Theodore Goldstiicker. Small 4to., pp. 900, cloth. [In preparation. 

Goldstiicker. — A Compendious Grammar of the Sanskrit Lan- 
guage foe, Beginners. By Theodore Goldstiicker. 8vo. [In preparation. 

Goldstiicker. — A Dictionary, Saxskrit and English, extended 
and improved from the second edition of the Dictionary of Professor H. H. 
"Wilson, with his sanction and concurrence ; together with a Supplement, Gram- 
matical Appendices, and an Index, serving as a Sanskrit-English Yocabularv. By 
Theodore Goldstiicker. Parts I. to YL pp. 480. 1854-1864. Each 6s. 

Goldstiicker. — Paxlxi : His Place in Sanskrit Literature. An In- 
vestigation of some Literary and Chronological Questions which may be settled 
by a study of his Work. By Theodore Goldstiicker. A separate impression of 
the Preface to the Facsimile of M.S. Xo. 17 in the Library of Her Majesty's 
Home Government for India, which contains a portion of the Manava-Kalpa- 
Sutra, with the Commentary of Kumarila-Swamin. Imperial 8vo., pp. 268, cloth. 
1861. 125. 

Goldstiicker. — Manaya-TC a lp a- Sutra ; being a portion of this 
ancient work on Yaidik Bites, together with the Commentary of Kumarila- 
Swamin. A Facsimile of the MS. Xo. 17 in the Library of Her Majesty's Home 
Government for India. With a Preface by Theodore Goldstiicker. Oblong 
folio, pp. 268, of letter press, and 121 leaves of facsimiles. Cloth. 1861. £4. 4>\ 

Goldstiicker. — Auctores Sanscriti. Edited for the Sanskrit Text 
Society, under the supervision of Theodore Goldstiicker. Yol. L, containing the 
Jaiminiva-Xvava-Mala-Yistara. Parts I. to Y. pp. 400, large 4to., sewed. 
1865-7. 105. each. 

Golovin. — The Nations of Bussli axd Turkey, and their 
Destiny. By Ivan Golovin, author of " The Caucasus." 2 vols, crown Svo. 
pp. xvi. and 172; xvi. and 170. Cloth. 1854. 10s. 

GoorOO Simple.— Strange Surprising Adventures of the Venerable 
G. S. and his Five Disciples, Xoodle, Doodle, Wiseacre, Zany, and Foozle ; adorned 
with Fifty Illustrations, drawn on wood, by Alfred Crowquill. A companion 
Volume to " Miinchhausen" and " Owlglass," based upon the famous Tamul tale 
of the Gooroo Paramartan, and exhibiting, in the form of a skilfully-constructed 
consecutive narrative, some of the finest specimens of Eastern wit and humour. 
Elegantly printed on tinted paper, in crown 8vo., richly gilt ornamental cover, 
gilt edges, pp. 223. 1861. Price 10s. Qd. 

Gould. — Good Exglish, or Popular Errors ix Laxguage. By 
Edward S. Gould, author of "Abridgment of Alison's Europe. Crown Svo. 
cloth, pp. v. and 228. 1867. 6s. 



40 



Publications of Trilbner fy Co. 



Grammatograpliy. — A Manual of Beference to the Alphabets 

of Ancient and Modern Languages. Based on the German Compilation 

of F. Ballhorn. In one vol. royal 8vo. cloth, pp. 80. 1861. 7s. 6d. 

The " Grammatography" is offered to the public as a compendious introduction to the reading 

of the most important Ancient and Modern Languages. Simple in its design, it will be consulted 

with advantage by the Philological Student, the Amateur Linguist, the Bookseller, the Corrector 

of the Press, and the diligent Compositor. 

Alphabetical Index. 

German. 

Glagolitic. 

Gothic. 

Greek. 

Greek Ligatures. 

Greek (Archaic). 

Gujerati (or Guzerattee) 

Hieratic. 

Hieroglyphics. 

Hebrew. 

Hebrew (Archaic). 

Hebrew (Rabbinical). 

Hebrew (Judseo-German). 

Hebrew (current hand). 

Hungarian. 

Tllyrian. 

Irish. 

Italian (Old). 

Japanese. 

Javanese. 

Lettish. 

Mantshu. 

Median Cuneiform. 

Modern Greek (or Bomaic). 

Mongolian. 



Numidian. 

Old Slavonic (or Cyrillic). 

Palmy renian. 

Persian. 

Persian Cuneiform. 

Phoenician. 

Polish. 

Push to (or Afghan). 

Romaic (or Modern Greek). 

Russian. 

Runes. 

Samaritan. 

Sanscrit. 

Servian. 

Slavonic (Old). 

Sorbian (or Wendisli). 

Swedish. 

Syriac. 

Tamil. 

Telugu. 

Tibetan. 

Turkish. 

Wallachian. 

Wendish (or Sorbian). 

Zend. 



Afghan (or Pushto). 

Amharic. 

Anglo-Saxon. 

Arabic. 

Arabic Ligatures. 

Aramaic. 

Archaic Characters. 

Armenian. 

Assyrian Cuneiform. 

Bengali. 

Bohemian (Czechian). 

Biigis. 

Burmese. 

Canarese (or Carnataca). 

Chinese. 

Coptic. 

Croato- Glagolitic. 

Curie. 

Cyrillic (or Old Slavonic). 

Czechian (or Bohemian). 

Danish. 

Demotic. 

Estrangelo. 

Ethiopic. 

Etruscan. 

Georgian. 

Grattan. — Considerations on the Human Mind, its Present State 
and Future Destination. By Eichard Grattan, Esq., M.D., ex M.P. 8vo. cloth, 
pp.336. 1861. 85. 

Grattan. — The Eight to Thins. An Address to the Young Men 
of Great Britain and Ireland. By Bichard Grattan, M.D. Crown 8vo. stiff 
covers, pp. 134. 1865. 2s. M. 

Gray. — Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States, 

including Virginia, Kentucky, and all east of the Mississippi ; arranged according 
to the Natural System. Third Revised Edition, with Garden Botany, etc. By 
Asa Gray. With six plates, illustrating the Genera of Ferns, etc. 8vo. half- 
hound, pp. xcviii. and 606. 1862. 10s. 6tf, 

Gray. — First Lessons in Botany and Vegetable Physiology. 
Illustrated hy 360 wood engravings, with copious Dictionary of Botanical 
Terms. By Dr. Asa Gray. 8vo. half-bound, pp. xii. and 236. 1866. 6s. 

Gray. — Introduction to Structural and Systematic Botany, and 
Vegetable Physiology. By Dr. Asa Gray. With 1300 woodcuts. 8vo. cloth, 
pp. 1866. 10s. 6d. 

Gray. — Natural Selection not inconsistent with Natural 
Theology. A free examination of Darwin's treatise on the Origin of Species, 
and of its American reviewers. By Asa Gray, M.D., Fisher Professor of Natural 
Philosophy in Harvard University. 8vo. pp. 56, sewed. 1861. Is. 6d. 

Gray. — How Plants Grow : A Simple Introduction to Structural 
Botany. By Asa Gray, M.D. Square Svo., boards. New edition, pp. 233. 
1866. 6s. 



Publications of Triibner §• Co. 41 

Green. — Shakespeare and the Emblem Writers of his Age ; 

with Illustrations from the original Woodcuts and Engravings. By Henry- 
Green, M.A. In one volume, demy 8vo., of about 400 pages, and upwards of 100 
Illustrative Woodcuts or Engravings. [In the press. 

Greg. — The Creed oe Christendom : its Foundation and Super- 
structure. By TVilliam Bathbone Greg. Second Edition. Crown 8vo. pp. xx. 
and 280. 1863. 6s. 

Greg. — Literary and Social Jttdg^ients. By William Rathbone 

Greg. In One Volume, cr. 8vo. 

Grey.— Handbook oe African, Australian, ajtd Polynesian 
Philology, etc., as represented in the Library of His Excellency Sir George 
Grey, K.C.B., Her Majesty's High Commissioner of the Cape Colony. Classed, 
Annotated, and Edited by Sir George Grey and Dr. H. I. Bleek. 

Vol. I. Part 1.— South Africa." 8vo. pp. 186, sewed. 185S. 7s. 6d. 

Vol. I. Part 2.— Africa (North of the Tropic of Capricorn). 8yo. pp. 70, sewed. 1858. 2s. 

Vol.1. Part 3.— Madagascar. 8vo. pp. 24, sewed. 1859. Is. 

Vol. II. Part 1.— Australia. 8vo. pp. iv. and 44, sewed. 1858. Is. 6d. 

Vol. II. Part 2. — Papuan Languages of the Loyalty Islands and New Hebrides, comprising 

those of the Islands of Nengone, Lifu, Aneitum, Tana, and others. 8vo. pp. 12, 

sewed, 1858. 6d. 
Vol. II. Part 3.— Fiji Islands and Rotuma (with Supplement to Part II., Papuan Languages, 

and Part I., Australia). 8ro. pp. 34, sewed. 1859. Is. 
Vol. II. Part 4.— New Zealand, the Chatham Islands, and Auckland Islands. 8vo. pp. 76 

sewed. 1858. 3s. 6d. 
Vol.11. Part 4.— (Continuation). — Polynesia and Borneo, 8vo. pp. 77— 154, sewed. 1859 

3s. 6d. 
Vol. III. Part 1.— Manuscripts and Incunahles. 8vo. pp. viii. and 24. 1862. 2s. 
Vol. IV. Part 1.— England. Early Printed Books. 8vo. pp. 264, sewed. 1867. 12s. 

Grey. — Maori Mementos : being a Series of Addresses, presented 
by the Native People to His ExceUency Sir George Grey, K.C.B., F.E.S. With 
Introduction, Eemarks, and Explanatory Notes. To which is added a small 
Collection of Laments, etc. By Charles Oliver B. Davis. 8vo. Pp. 227. 
Aukland, 1855. 12s. 

Gross. — A System of Surgery, Pathological, Diagnostic, Thera- 
peutic, and Operative. By Samuel D. Gross, M.D. Illustrated by more 
than 1,300 engravings. Fourth Edition, much enlarged, and carefully revised. 
2 vols. 8vo. sheep, pp. xxxi. 1049, and xxviii. 1087. 1866. £3 3s. 

GTOte. — Review of the "Work of Mr. John Stuart Mill, entitled 

"Examination of Sir "William Hamilton's Philosophy." By George Grote, 
author of " The History of Ancient Greece," " Plato, and the other Companions 
of Socrates," etc. 12mo. pp. 112, cloth. 1868. 3s. 6d. 

Grout. — The Isizulu. A Grammar of the Zulu Language ; accom- 
panied with a Historical Introduction, also with an Appendix. By Rev. Lewis 
Grout. 8vo. cloth, pp. liii. and 432. 1859. 21s. 

Grout. — Zulu-Land ; or, Life among the Zulu-Kafirs of Natal 
and Zulu-Land, South Africa. With Map and Illustrations, largely from Ori- 
ginal Photographs. By the Eev. Lewis Grout. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. 352. 7s. 6d. 

Groves — John Groves. A Tale of the "War. By S. E. De M . 

12mo. Pp. 16, sewed. London, 18-16. 2d. 

Chlizot. — Meditations sub L' Essence de la Religion Chretienne. 
Par M. Guizot. 12mo. paper. Pp.384. 1864. 4s. 6d. 

Gunderode. — Correspondence of Erauleln Gtjnderode and 
Bettixa vox Aunim. Cr. 8vo. cloth, pp. 356. 1861. 6s. 



42 Publications of Trubner §* Co. 

Gutenberg", John, First Master Printer, his Acts, and most 
remarkable Discourses, arid his Death. From the German. By C. W. 8vo. cloth, 
pp. 141. 1860. 105. 6d. 

Hag*en, — Norica ; or, Tales from the Olden Time. Translated from 
the German of August Hagen. Fcap. 8vo., ornamental binding, suitable for 
presentation. Pp. xiv. and 374. 1850, 5s. 

" This pleasant volume is got up in that style of imitation of the books a century ago, which 
has of late become so much the vogue. The typographical and mechanical departments of the 
volume speak loudly for the taste and enterprise bestowed upon it. Simple in its style, pithy, 
reasonably pungent — the book smacks strongly of the picturesque old days of which it treats. A 
long study of the art- antiquities of Ntirnburg, and a profound acquaintance with the records, 
letters, and memoirs, still preserved, of the times of Albert Durer and his great brother artists-, 
have enabled the author to lay before us a forcibly-drawn and highly-finished picture of art and 
household life in that wonderfully art-practising and art-reverencing old city of Germany." — Atlas. 

" A delicious little book. It is fnll of a quaint garrulity, and characterised by an earnest sim- 
plicity of thought and diction, which admirably conveys to the reader the household and artistic 
German life of the times of Maximilian, Albert Durer, and Hans Sachs, the celebrated cobbler and 
'master singer,' as well as most of the artist celebrities of Nurnberg in the 16th century. Art is 
the chief end and aim of this little history. It is lauded and praised with a sort of unostentatious 
devotion, which exphains the religious passion of the early moulders of the ideal and the beautiful; 
and, perhaps, through a consequent deeper concentration of thought, the secret of their success." — 
Weekly Dispatch. 

" A volume full of interest for the lover of old times; while the form in which it is presented to 
us may incite many to think of art and look into its many wondrous influences with a curious 
earnestness unknown to them before. It points a moral also, in the knowledge that a people may 
be brought to take interest in what is chaste and beautiful as in what is coarse and degrading." — 
Manchester Examiner. 

Hall. — The Law op Impersonation as applied to Abstract Ideas 
and Beligiotjs Dogmas. By S. "W. Hall. Third edition, with an Appendix on 
the Dual Constitution of First Causation. 12mo. cloth, pp. xxiy. and 135. 
1863. 4s. 6d, 

Hall. — A Contribution towards an Index to the Bibliogbaphy 
of the Indian Philosophical Systems. By Fitzedward Hall, M.A., 
Inspector of Public Instruction, Saugor and Nerbudda Territories, Published 
by order of the Government of the North Western Proyinces. 8vo. sewed, pp. 
iv. and 236. 1859. 7*. M. 

Hambleton. — The Song of Songs ; tlie Yoice of the Bridegroom 
and the Voice of the Bride ; divided into Acts and Scenes, with the Dialogues 
apportioned to the different Interlocutors, chiefly as directed by M. the Professor 
Ernest Benan, Membre de l'lnstitut. Bendered into Verse, from the received 
English Translation and other Versions*. By Joseph Hambleton. Post 8vo., sewed, 
pp. 70. 1864. 2s. 6d. 

Hamilton. — A Practical Tbeatise on Fractures and Dislocations. 
By Frank H. Hamilton, M.D. 3rd edition, revised, 8vo. cloth, pp. 777. 1866. 
255. 

Hammond.— Military Medical and Surgical Essays. Prepared 
for the United States Sanitary Commission. Edited by W. A. Hammond, M.D., 
Surgeon- General. 8vo. cloth, pp. 552. 1864. Ids. 

Harkness. — Latin Ollendorff. Being a Progressive Exhibition of 
the Principles of the Latin Grammar. By Albert Harkness, Ph. D. 12mo. 
cloth, pp. xii. and 355. 1858. 6s. 

Harris. — A Dictionary of Medical Terminology, Dental Surgery, 
and the Collateral Sciences. By Chapin A. Harris, M.D., D.D.S., Pro- 
fessor of the Principles of Dental Surgery in the Baltimore College. Third 
edition, carefully revised and enlarged, by Ferdinand J. S. Gorgas, M.D., 
D.D.S., Professor of Dental Surgery in the Baltimore. College. Svo. cloth, 
pp. 744, 1867. 305. 



Publications of Trilbner §• Co. 43 

Harrison. — The Meaning of Histoey ; Two Lectures delivered by 
Frederic Harrison, M.A. 8vo., pp. 80, sewed. 1862. Is. 

Harrison. — Sundays and Festivals. A Lecture delivered by 
Frederic Harrison, Esq., M.A., at St. Martin's Hall, on Sunday evening, March 
10th, 1867. 8vo. sewed, pp. 15. 1867. 2c?. 

Hartzenbusch, J. E., and H. Lemming. — Eco de Madrid : A Practical 

Guide to Spanish Conversation. Post 8vo. cloth, pp. 240. 1860. 5s. 

Haslett. — The Mechanics', Machinists', and Engineers' Practical 
Book of Reference, containing Tables and Formulae for use in superficial and 
solid Mensuration ; Strength and Weight of Materials ; Mechanics, Machinery, 
Hydraulics, Hydrodynamics, Marine Engines, Chemistry, and miscellaneous 
Eecipes. Adapted to and for the use of all Practical Mechanics. Together with 
the Engineer's Field Book; containing Formulae for the various Methods of 
running and changing Lines, locating Side-tracks and Switches, etc., etc. ; Tables 
of Badii and their Logarithms, natural and logarithmic versed Sines and external 
Secants, natural Sines and Tangents to every Degree and Minute of the 
Quadrant, and Logarithms of natural Numbers from 1 to 10,000. By Charles 
Haslett, Civil Engineer. Edited by Charles W. Hackley, Professor of Mathe- 
matics. Fcap. 8vo. tuck, pp. 533. 1866. 125. 

Hasty Conclusions ; or, the Sayings that went Abroad. 16mo. 
sewed, pp. 20. 1866. Is. 

Haug. — Essays on the Sacred Language, Writings, and Religion 
of the Paesees. By Martin Haug, Dr. Phil. Superintendent of Sanskrit 
Studies in the Poona College. 8vo. cloth, pp. 278. 1862. 31s. 6d. 

Haug. — Outline oe a Grammar of the Zend Language. By- 
Martin Haug, Ph. D. 8vo. ? sewed, pp. 82. 1862. 18s. 

Haug. — The Aitareya Brahmanam oe the Big Veda : containing 
the Earliest Speculations of the Brahmans on the meaning of the Sacrificial 
Prayers, and on the Origin, Performance, and Sense of the Eites of the Yedic 
Beligion. Edited, Translated, and Explained by Martin Haug, Ph. D., Super- 
intendent of Sanskrit Studies in the Poona College, etc., etc. In 2 Yols. Crown 
8vo. Yol. I. Contents, Sanskrit Text, with Preface, Introductory Essay, and 
a Map of the Sacrificial Compound at the Soma Sacrifice, pp. 312. Yol. II. 
Translation with Notes, pp. 544. 1863. £2 2s. 

Haug. — A Lecture on an Original Speech oe Zoroaster (Yasna 
45), with remarks on his age. By Martin Haug, Ph. D. 8vo. pp. 28, sewed. 
1865. 2s. 

Haug. — An Old Zand-Pahlavi Glossary. Edited in the Original 
Characters, with a Transliteration in Boman Letters, an English Translation, 
and an Alphabetical Index. By Destur Hoshengji Jamaspji, High-priest of the 
Parsis in Malwa, India. Bevised with iNotes and Introduction by Martin 
Haug, Ph. D., late Superintendent of Sanscrit Studies in the Poona College, 
Foreign Member of the Boyal Bavarian Academy. Published by order of the 
Government of Bombay. 8vo. sewed, pp. lvi. and 132. 1867. 15s. 

Haug. — The Religion of the Zoroastrians, as contained in their 
Sacred Writings. With a History of the Zend and Pehlevi Literature, and a 
Grammar of the Zend and Pehlevi Languages. By Martin Haug, Ph.D., late 
Superintendent of Sanscrit Studies in the Poona College. 2 vols. 8vo. [Iil 
preparation.] 



44 Publications of Trubner ty Co. 

Haupt — Military Bridges : with. Suggestions of New Expedients 

and Constructions for Crossing Streams and Chasms. Including also Designs for 
Trestle and Truss Bridges for Military Railroads. Adapted especially to the 
wants of the Service in the United States. By Hermann Haupt, A.M., Civil 
Engineer. Illustrated by 69 Lithographic engravings. 8vo. cloth, pp. xix. and 
310. 1864. 25*. 

Haupt. — General Theory of Bridge Construction : containing 

Demonstrations of the Principles of the Art and their Application to Practice ; 
furnishing the means of calculating the Strains upon the Chords, Ties, Braces, 
'Counter-braces, and other parts of a Bridge or Frame of any description. With 
practical Illustrations. By Herman Haupt, A.M., Civil Engineer. New 
Edition. Royal 8vo. cloth, pp. 268. Plates. 1867. 16s. 

Hazard. — Essay on Language and Other Papers. By Eowland 
G. Hazard. Edited by E. P. Peabody. 8vo. cloth, pp. 348. 1857. 7s. 6d. 

Hazard. — Freedom: of Mind in Willing ; or, Every Being that 
Wills a Creative First Cause. By Eowland Gr. Hazard. 8vo. cloth, 
pp. xviii. and 4:56. 1865. 7*. 6d. 

Hazard. — Our Eesources. A Series of Articles on the Financial 
and Political Condition of the United States. By Eowland G-. Hazard. 8vo. 
sewed, pp. 32. 1864. Is. 

Hearts in Mortmain, and Cornelia. Two Novels. Post 8vo. Fancy 
boards. Pp. 206 and 252. 1863. Each Is. 6d. 

HeatheringtoiL. — A Practical Guide eor Tourists, Miners, and 
Investors, and all Persons interested in the Development of the Gold Fields of 
Nova Scotia. By A. Heatherington, Author of Cosmopolite's Statistical Chart 
and Petraglot Reviews, adopted by the Department of Mines, and the Paris 
Exhibition Committee, etc., etc. 12mo. cloth, pp. 180. 1868. 2s. 

Heaviside. — American Antiquities ; or, the New World the Old, 
and the Old World the New. By John T. C. Heaviside. 8vo. sewed, pp. 46. 
Is. 6d. 

Hecker. — The Epidemics of the Middle Ages. Translated by GL 
B. Babington, M.D., F.R.S. Third Edition, completed by the Author's 
Treatise on Child-Pilgrimages. By J. F. C. Hecker. 8vo. cloth, pp. 384. 
1859. 9s. 6d. 

Contents : — The Black Death — The Dancing Mania — The Sweating Sickness — 
Child Pilgrimages. 

Heine, — Selections erom the Poetry of Henrich Heine. Trans- 
lated by John Ackerlos. 12mo. pp. viii. and 66, stiff cover. 1854. Is. 

Heine. — Pictures of Travel. Translated from the German of 
Henry Heine. By Charles G-. Leland. Fifth revised edition. Crown 8vo. 
cloth, pp.472. 1866. 10s. 6d. 

Heine. — Heine's Book of Songs. By Heinrich Heine. Translated 
by Charles G. Leland, author of " Meister Karl's Sketch-book, and Sunshine in 
Thought." Cloth, fcap. 8vo. pp. xiv. and 240. 1868. 7s. 

Hennell. — An Essay on the Sceptical Tendency of Butler's 
"Analogy," By Sara S. Hennell. 12mo. sewed, pp. 66. 1859. Is. 

Hennell. — Thoughts in Aid of Faith. Gathered chiefly from recent 
works in Theology and Philosophy. By Sara S. Hennell. Post 8vo. cloth, 
pp.428. 1860. 10s. 6d. 



Publications of Triibner fy Co. 45 

HennelL — Prize Essay. Christianity and Infidelity, an Exposition 
of Arguments on both sides. By Sara S. Hennell. 8yo. cloth, pp. 173. 
1857. 3s. 6d. 

Hennell. — The Eaely Christian Anticipation of an appeoaching 
End of the ^orld, and its bearing upon the Character of Christianity as a 
Divine Kevelation. Including an investigation into the primitive meaning of 
the Antichrist and Man of Sin ; and an examination of the argument of the 
Fifteenth Chapter of Gibbon. By Sara S. Hennell. 12mo. cloth, pp. 136. 
1860. 25. M. 

Hennell. — Present Religion, as a Faith owning Fellowship with 
Thought. Part I. By Sara S. Hennell, Author of " Thoughts in Aid of Faith.' 3 
Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. 570. 1865. 7s. 6d. 

Hepburn. — A Japanese and English Dictionary. With an 
English and Japanese Index. By J. C. Hepburn, A.M., M.D. Imperial 8vo. 
cloth, pp. xii., 560 and 132. 1867. £5 5s. 

Herbert. — The Sanitary Condition oe the Army. By the Right 
Honourable Sidney Herbert, M.P. 8vo. sewed, pp. 48. 1859. Is. M. 

HerniSZ. — A Guide to Conversation- in the English and Chinese 
Languages, for the Use of Americans and Chinese, in California and elsewhere. 
By Stanislas Hernisz. Square 8vo. sewed, pp. 274. 1855. 10s. 6d. 

The Chinese characters contained in this work are from the collections of Chinese groups, en- 
graved on steel, and cast into moveable types, by Mr. Marcellin Legrand, Engraver of the Impe- 
rial Printing Office at Paris; they are used by most of the Missions to China. 

Hervey. — The Poems oe Thomas Kibble Heeyey. Edited by Mrs. 
Hervey. With a Memoir. 16mo. cloth, pp. viii. and 437. 1866. 6s. 

Herzen. — Du Developpement des Idees Bevolutionnair.es en 
Eussie. Par Alexander Herzen. 12mo. sewed, pp. xxiii. and 144. 1853. 2s. 6cZ. 

Herzen. — La France oh l'Angleterre ? Variations Busses sur le 
theme de l'attentat du 14 Janvier 1858. Par Iscander. 1858. Is. 

Herzen. — France or England ? 8vo. 1858. 6d. 

Herzen. — Notjyeele Phase de la Litterature Busse. Par A. 
Herzen. 8vo. sewed, pp. 81. 1864. 2s. 6d. 

Hester and Elinor ; oe, the Discipline of Suffering. — A Tale. 
Crown 8vo., fancy boards, pp.473. 1863. 2s. 

Hickok. — A System of Moral Science. By Lawrens P. Hickok, 
D.D., Author of "Bational Psychology." Eoyal 8vo. cloth, pp. viii. and 432. 
1853. 12s. 

Higginson. — Woman and Her Wishes. An Essay. By Thoinas- 
Wentworth Higginson. Post 8 vo. sewed, pp. 23. 1854. Is. 

Hineks. — Specimen Chapters of an Assyrian Grammar. By the 
Eev. E. Hineks, D.D., Honorary Member Eoyal Asiatic Society of Great Britain 
and Ireland. Svo. sewed, pp. 40. 1866. Is. 

Histoire du Grand Orient de France. 8vo sewed, pp. 528. 

1865. 6s. 



46 Publications of Trubner <Sf Co. 

-Historical Sketches of the Old Painters. By the Author of 
"Three Experiments of Living," etc. Crown 8vo. sewed, pp. 181. 1858. 2s. 

Hitchcock. — Religious Lectures on Peculiar, Phenomena of the 
Four Seasons. Delivered to the Students in Amhurst College, in 1845-47-48- 
49. By Edward Hitchcock. 12mo. sewed, pp. 72. 1852. Is. 

Bittell. — The Resources of California. Third edition, by John 
S. Hittell. Cloth, pp. xvi. and 461. 10*. 

Hoffmann. — Shopping Dialogues in Japanese, Dutch, and English. 
By J. Hoffmann. Oblong 8vo., sewed, pp. xiii. and 44. 1861. 3s. 

Hole. — Lectures on Social Science and the Organization of 
Labour. By James Hole. 8vo. sewed, pp. xi. and 182. 1851. 2s. 6d. 

Holley. — Ordnance and Armour : embracing a Description of 
Standard European and American Ordnance, Rifling, and Projectiles, and their 
Materials, Fabrications, and Test, and the Results of Practice ; also a Detailed 
Account of Experiments against Armour. By Alex. L. Honey, B.P. "With 480 
Engravings and 150 Tables of Results. One vol. 8vo., pp. 950. Half morocco. 
1865. £2 5s. 

Hollister. — The Mines of the Colorado. By Ovando J. Hollister. 

With map, pp. vii. and 450. 1867. 10s. 
Holly. — The Carpenter's and Joiner's Hand-book, containing a 

Complete Treatise on Framing Hip and Valley Roots. Together with much 
valuable instruction for aU Mechanics and Amateurs, useful rules, tables, etc., 
never before published. By H. W. Holly, Practical Architect and Builder. 
Illustrated by 37 Engravings. 12mo. cloth, pp. 50. 1868. 2s. 6d. 

Holly. — The Art of Saw-filing, Scientifically Treated and 
Explained on Philosophical Principles. With full and explicit Directions 
for putting in Order aU kinds of Saws, from a Jeweller's Saw to a Steam Saw- 
mill. Illustrated by forty-four engravings. By H. W. Holly, Author of " The 
Carpenter's and Joiner's Hand-book." 12mo. cloth, pp. 56. 1864. 2s. 6d. 

Holmes. — The Poems of Oliver Wendell Holmes. Blue and 
Gold Series. 12mo. cloth, pp. xi. and 410. 1866. 6s. 

Home. — Plain Thouhts, by a Plain Man, on the State of the 
Church of England. By Jeremiah Home, Esq. 8 vo. sewed, pp. 8. 1868. 2d. 

Horrocks. — Zeno. A Tale of the Italian "War, and other Poems. 
To which are added Translations from Modern German Poetry. By James 
D. Horrocks. 12mo., pp. vii. and 286, cloth. 1854. 5s. 

Honghton. — An Essay on the Canticles, or the Song of Songs. 

With a Translation of the Poem and short Explanatory Notes. By the Rev. 
W. Houghton, M.A., F.L.S., Rector of Preston on the Wild Moors, Shropshire. 
8vo. doth, pp. 67. 1865. 2s. 6d. 

Howells. — Venetian Life. By William D. Howells, formerly 
United States Consul at Venice. Crown 8vo. cloth. Second Edition. Pp. 401. 
1867. 7s. 6d. 

Howitt. — The Dusseldorf Artists' Album. Twenty-seven superb 
Litho-tint Illustrations, from Drawings by Achenbach, Hubner, Jordan, Lessing, 
Leutze, Schadow, Tidemand, etc. With Contributions, original and translated, 
by Mary Howitt, Anne Mary Howitt, Francis Bennoch, etc. Edited by Mary 
Howitt. 4to, elegantly bound in cloth, 18s. ; or, in fancy leather binding, £l Is. 
1862. 



Publications of Trubner §• Co. 47 

Howse, — A Grammar of the Cree Language. Witli which is 
combined an analysis of the Chippeway Dialect. By Joseph Howse, Esq., 
F.E.G.S. Syo. cloth, pp. xx. and 324. 1865. 7*. 6d. 

Hugh Bryan : The Autobiography of an Irish Eebel. 8vo. cloth, 
pp. 478. 1866. 105. 6d. 

Humboldt. — Letters of William Von Humboldt to a Female 
Friend. A complete Edition. Translated from the Second German Edition 
"by Catherine M. A. Couper, with a Biographical Notice of the Writer. Two 
vols. Crown 8yo. cloth, pp. xxviii. and 592. 1867. 10s. 

Humboldt. — The Sphere and Duties of Government. Trans- 
lated from the German of Baron Wilhelm Yon Humboldt, by Joseph Conlthard, 
Jim. Post 8ro. cloth, pp. xv. and 203. 1854. os. 

Humboldt (Alex. Von). — Letters to Varnhagen Von Ense. 
Authorised English Translation, with Explanatory Notes, and a full Index of 
Names. 8vo. cloth, pp. xxvi. and 334. 1860. 12s. 

Hunt. — On the Chemistry of the Globe. A Manual of Chemical 
Geology. By Dr. T. Sterry Hunt, F.E.S. 2 vols. 8vo. [In preparation. 

Hunt. — Popular Lectures on Chemical and Physical Geology. 
Delivered before the Lowell Institute, by Dr. T. Sterry Hunt, F.E.S. 1 vol. 
8vo. \In preparation. 

Hunt. — The Eeligion of the Heart. A Manual of Faith and 
Duty. By Leigh Hunt. Fcap. 8yo. cloth, pp. xxiy. and 259. 1853. 6s. 

Hunt. — Introductory Address on the Study of Anthropology, 
delivered before the Anthropological Society of London, February 24th, 1863. 
By James Hunt, Ph. D., F.S.A., F.B.S.L., President. 8vo. sewed, pp. 20. 
1863. 6d, 

Hunt. — Anniversary Address delivered before the Anthropological 
Society of London, January 5th, 1864. By James Hunt, Ph. D., F.S.A., 
F.E.S.L., F.A.S.L., etc., etc. 8vo. sewed, pp. 32. 1864. 6d, 

Hunt. — Anniversary Address delivered before the Anthropological 
Society of London, January 3rd, 1865. Dedicated to the British Association 
for the Advancement of Science. By James Hunt, Ph. D., F.S.A., F.E.S. L., 
F.A.S.L., etc., etc. 8vo. sewed, pp. viii. and 32. 1865. 6d. 

Hunt. — A Letter addressed to the Members of the British 
Association for the Advancement of Science, on the desirability of appointing 
a Special Section for Anthropology. By James Hunt, Ph. D., F.S.A., F.E.S.L., 
F.A.S.L. Post 8vo., sewed, pp. 8. Printed for Private Circulation. 6d. 

Hunt. — On the Negro's Place in Nature. By James Hunt, 
Esq., Ph. D., F.S.A., F.E.S. L., President of the Anthropological Society of 
London. 8vo., sewed, pp. 60. 1863. Is. 

Hurst. — History of Rationalism : embracing a Survey of the 
Present State of Protestant Theology. By the Eev. John F. Hurst, A.M. 
"With Appendix of Literature. Eevised and enlarged from the Third American 
Edition. Small 8vo., cloth, pp. xvii. and 525. 1867. 10s. 6d. 



48 Publications of Trubner §• Co. 

Hutton. — Modern Warfare ; its Positive Theory and True Policy. 
"With an application to the Russian War, and an Answer to the Question 
"What shall we do?" By Henry Dix Hutton, Barrister. 8vo. sewed, pp. 74. 
1855. Is. 

Ibis (The).- — A Magazine oe General Ornithology. Edited by 
Philip Lutley Sclater, M.A. Yol. i. 1859. 8yo. cloth. Coloured Plates. 
Vol. ii., 1860. 
Vol. iii., 1861. £1 6s. 
Vol. it., 1862. £1 6s. 
Vol. v., 1863. £1 6s. 
Vol. vi., 1864. £1 6s. 

Iline. — A Latin Grammar for Beginners. By W. H. Ihne, late 
Principal of Carlton Terrace School, Liverpool. Crown 8yo. cloth, pp. yi. and 
184. 1864. 35. 

India. — Breach of Faith in ; or, Sir John Lawrence's Policy in 

Oudh. 8yo. sewed, pp. 40. Is. 6d. 
Indian Annexations. — British Treatment of Native Princes 

Eeprinted from the Westminster Review. New Series, No. xly. January, 1863 

Revised and corrected. 8vo. sewed, pp. 48. 1863. Is. 

Indian Investments, a Guile to, interesting to Shareholders or 
or intending Shareholders in the following Joint Stock Companies ; — -East Indian 
Bailway, Great Indian Peninsular Bailway, Madras Bailway, Scinde Bailway, 
Indus Flotilla, Punjaub Bailway, Bombay and Baroda Bailway, Eastern of 
Bengal Bailway, Calcutta and South Eastern Bailway, Madras Irrigation Com- 
pany, Oriental Inland Steam Company, Peninsular and Oriental Steam Com- 
pany. By a Manchester Man. Second edition. "With an introduction exposing 
the hollowness of Indian guarantees. 8vo. sewed, pp. viii. and 40. 1861. Is. 

Inman. — Ancient Faiths Embodied in Ancient Names. By 
Thomas Inman, M.D. Vol. 1, 8vo., containing pp. viii. and 790, and illustrated 
with 5 Plates and numerous Woodcuts. 30 s. 

Inspiration. — By J. B. 24mo. sewed, pp. 51. 1865. Is. 

Inspiration ; How is it Related to Revelation and the Reason ? 
With a few remarks suggested by recent criticisms on Mansel's Bampton 
Lectures. 8vo. limp cloth, pp. 64. 1859. 2s. 

International Exhibition of 1862. — Official Catalogue oe the 

Mining and Metallurgical Products; Class 1, in the ZoUverein Depart- 
ment of the International Exhibition, 1862. Compiled under the immediate 
direction of Mr. Yon Dechen. By Dr. Hermann Wedding. Boyal 8vo. sewed, 
pp. 106 1862. Is. 

International Exhibition of 1862. — Austria at the International 
Exhibition of 1862. Upon Orders from the J. B. Ministry for Commerce and 
National Economy. By Professor Dr. Jos. Arenstein, Vienna, 1862. Boyal 8vo., 
paper coyers, pp. 125. 1862. Is. 

International Exhibition of 1862. — Special Catalogue of the 

Zollverein Department. Edited by authority of the Commissioners of the 
ZoUverein- Governments, together with Advertisements, Recommendations, and 
IUustrations. Boyal 8vo., sewed, pp. 180 and lxxix. 1862. Is. 
Ditto ditto, in German, pp. 196 and cxv. Is. 

Jackson's Gymnastic Exercises tor the Finders and Wrist. 
With numerous Illustrations. Post 8vo., cloth, pp. x. and 90. 1865. 3s. 6d* 



Publications of Tr'dbner §■ Co. 4cd 

Jackson. — Echoes ero:\i my Youth, and Other Poems. By J. 

W. Jackson. 12mo., cloth, pp. 126. 1864. 2s. 6d. 

Jackson. — Ethnology and Phrenology as an Aid to the 
Historian. By J. "W. Jackson. Crown 8vo., cloth, pp. 324. 1863. 4s. 

JacobllS. — Eeflections on the Psalms of David as Inspired 
Compositions ; and as indicating " the Philosophy of Jewish Faith." By Jacobus. 
8vo. sewed, pp. iv. and 32. 1863. Is. 

Jaescllke. — A Short Practical Grammar of the Tibetan 
Language, with Special Reference to the Spoken Dialects. By II. A. Jaeschke, 
Moravian Missionary. 8vo., pp. 60. 1865. 2s. Qd. 

Jamison. — The Life and Times of Bertrand Dtj Gtjesclin. A 

History of the Fourteenth Century. By D. F. Jamison, of South Carolina. 
Portrait. Two vols. 8yo.. elegantly printed, extra cloth, pp. xvi. 287, and viii. 
314. 1864. £1 Is. 

Jay. — The American Pebellion; its History, its xlirris, and the 
Reasons why it must be Suppressed. An Address. By John Jay. Post 8vo. 
sewed, pp. 50. 1861. Is. 

Jay. — The Great Conspiracy. An Address. By John Jay. 8vo. 
sewed, pp. 50. 1861. Is. 

Jenkins's Vest-Pocket Lexicon. A Dictionary of all except the 

common Words which everybody knows. By omitting these it contains the less 
familiar "Words, an 1 the principal Scientific and Technical Terms, Foreign 
Moneys, Weights and Measures ; also the common Latin and French Phrases of 
two and three Words, Law Terms, etc. 

"A little book, entitled, 'Jenkins's Vest-pocket Lexicon,' has just been published by 
Messrs. Triibner and Co., of Paternostcr-row, which has a somewhat novel but very useful 
design. The object of the work is to compress within the smallest practicable compass a Cull 
leacon of all the words used in writing or speaking English, except — and in the exception 
lies the essence of the unde taking — those which may fairly be considered familiar t<> every 
one Thus every word which any reader but the mosc ignorant, and any reader but the most 
amazingly learned, could neei to look for in a dictionary, is to be found in the columns of this 
little book. We have put it to several tests, by looking out for peculiar scientific words, 
terms used in art, legal phrases, names of foreign coins, titles of foreign officials, etc., and, so 
far as our examination went, have not found it to fail in any instance. We can, therefore, 
cordially recommend it to writers as well as to readers. It really does fit in the waistcoat 
pocket, and may literally be made a constant companion.— Morning Star, July 17. 
64nio. limp morocco, pp. 560. 1861. 2s. 6d. 

Jewish. (A) Reply to Dr. Cole^so's Criticism ox the Penta- 
teuch. Issued by the Jewish Association for the Diffusion of Eeligious Know- 
ledge. 8vo. cloth, pp. ix. and 147. 1865. 3s. 

'Ioavves. — <pLko\oyiKa irapep<ya vito <&i\i7nrov 'looavvov Ka9r}- 
yrjrov rrJQ (piXocrocpiag Tvapa rt$ 7rave7TL(TTrjixi(p 'AOrjv&v. (Literary Miscellanies. 
By Philippe Joannes, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Athens). 
8vo. cloth, pp. 488. 10s. 6d. 

John Groyes, — A Tale of the "War. By S. E. de M — . 12mo. 

sewed, pp. 16. 1856. 2d. 

Jolowicz. — The First Epistle oe Bartjch. Translated from tlie 
Syraic, with an Introduction. By the Rev. Dr. H. Jolowicz, ordinary Member 
of the German Oriental Society. Eead at the meeting of the Syro-Egyptian 
Society, December 12, 1854. John Lee, Esq., LL.D., F.E.S., in the Chair. 8yo 
sewed, pp. 12. 1855. Is. 



50 Publications of Trubner §■ Co, 

JOHlini. — The Art of War. By Baron de Jomini, General and 
Aide-de-Cainp to the Emperor of Russia. A New Edition, with Appendices and 
Maps. Translated from the French. By Capt. G. H. Mendell, and Capt. W. 
0. Craighill. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. 410. 1864. 95. 

Jomilli. — Treatise on Grand Military Operations, or a Critical 

and Military History of the Wars of Frederick the Great, as contrasted with the 
modern system. Together with a few of the most important principles of the 
Art of War. By Baron Jomini, Commander-in-Chief, and Aide-de-Camp to the 
Emperor of Russia. Translated from the French by Col. S. B. Holabird, U.S.A. 
Illustrated with Maps and Plans. 2 vols. 8vo. cloth, pp. 448, 498 ; and an Atlas, 
containing 39 maps and plans of battles, 1741-1762. 1865. £3. 

Jomini. — The Military and Political Liee oe the Emperor 
Napoleon. By Baron Jomini, General-in-Chief, and Aide-de-Camp to the 
Emperor of Russia. Translated from the French, with Notes, by EL W. Halleck, 
LL.D., Major-General U.S. Army. 4 vols., royal 8vo. cloth, pp. 395, 451, 414, 
453, with an Atlas of 60 Maps and Plans. 1864. £4 45. 

Jomini, — The Political and Military History of the Campaign" 

of Waterloo. Translated from the French of General Baron de Jomini, by 
Captain S. V. Benet, United States Ordnance. Third Edition. 12mo. cloth, 
pp. . 6s. 

This is a separate reprint of the twenty-second chapter of " Jomini' s Life of 
Napoleon," and forms a capital summary of the campaign. 

Jones. — Warning ; or, the Beginning of the End. An Address 

to the Jews. By C. Jones. 8vo. sewed, pp. 58. 1866. 2s. 

Jlisti. — Handbitch der Zendsprache, yon Ferdinand Justi. 

Altbactrisches Woerterbuch. Grammatik Chrestomathie. Four parts, 4to. 
sewed, pp. xxii. and 424. Leipzig, 1864. 24s. 

Kafir Essays, and other Pieces ; with an English Translation. 

Edited by the Bight Bey. the Bishop of Grahamstown. 32mo. sewed, pp. 84. 

1861. 2s. 6d. 
Karcher. — Les Ecriyains Militaires de la Erance. Par Theodore 

Karcher, Professeur a l'Academie Boyale Militaire de Woolwich, etc. 8yo. cloth, 

with numerous Illustrations. Pp. viii. and 348. 1866. 7s. 6d. 

Karcher. — Questionnaire Erancais. Questions on Erench 
Grammar, Idiomatic Difficulties, and Military Expressions. By Theodore 
Karcher, LL.B. 12mo. cloth, pp. 111. 1865. 2s. 6d. 
Interleaved with writing paper. 3s. 

Kaullbach. — Album- Thierfabeln, G-eschichten und Marchen in 

Bildern. Nach Original-Federzeichnungen von Wilhelm von Kaulbach, 

In Holz-schitten von J. G. Flegel. Text von Dr. Julius Grosse. 12 plates. 

oblong folio. 10s. 6d. 
Kendrick.— Greek Ollendorff. A Progressive Exhibition of the 

Principles of the Greek Grammar. By Asahel C. Kenrick. Svo. cloth, pp. 371. 

1857. 6s. 
Keyne. — Spells and Voices. By Ada Keyne. 12ino. cloth, 

pp. 124. 1865. 2s. 6d. 
Khirad-AfrOZ (The Illuminator of the Understanding). By 
Maulavi Hafizu'd-din. A New Edition of the Hindustani Text, carefully Re- 
vised, with Notes, Critical and Explanatory. By Edward B. Eastwick, F.R.S., 
F.S.A., M.R.A.S., Professor of Hindustani at the late- East India Company's 
College at Haileybury, 8vo. cloth, pp. xiv. and 321. 1868. 18s. 



Publications of Trubner fy Co. 51 

Kidd. — Catalogue of the Chinese Library of the Royal 
Asiatic Society. By the Bev. S. Kidd. 8vo. sewed, pp. 58. Is. 

Kidder. — A Treatise on Homiletics ; designed to Illustrate the 
True Theory and Practice of Preaching the Gospel. By Daniel P. Kidder, D.D., 
Professor in the G-arratt Biblical Institute. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. 495. 
1864-5. 6s. 

King. — The Patriot. A Poem. By J. W. King. 12mo. sewed, 

pp. 56. 1853. Is. 

King. — Lessons and Practical Notes on Steam, the Steam 

Engine, Propellers, etc., etc., for young Engineers, Students, and others. By 
the late W. H. King, U.S.N. Bevised by Chief-Engineer J. W. King, U.S.N. 
Ninth Edition. Enlarged. 8vo. cloth, pp. 229. 1865. 9s. 

Kingsford. — An Essay on the Admission of Women to the 
Parliamentary Franchise. By Ninon Kingsford. 8vo. sewed, pp. 40. 
1868. Is. 

Knight. — The Indian Empire and otjr Financial Relations 

Therewith. A Paper read before the London Indian Society, May 25, 1866. 
By Bobert Knight (" Times of India "). 8vo. sewed, pp. 42. 1866. Is. 

Knight. — Letter to the Right Hon. Sir Stafford Northcote, 

Baronet, Her Majesty's Secretary of State for India, upon the present condition 
of Bombay, with suggestions for its relief. By Bobert Knight, "Times of 
India." 8vo. sewed, pp. 24. 1867. Is. 

Kohl.— Travels in Canada and through the States of New 
York and Pennsylvania. By I. J. Kohl. Translated by Mrs. Percy Sinnett. 
Bevised by the Author. Two Yols., post 8yo. cloth, pp. xiv. and 794. 1861. 21*. 

Kortnm. — The Jobsiad ; a grotesco-comico-heroic Poem. Erom 
the German of Dr. Carl Arnold Kortum. By Charles T. Brooks, Translator of 
"Faust," "Titan," etc., etc. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. xviii. and 182. 1863. 5s. 

Kossuth. — Speeches of Lotjis Kossuth in America. Edited, with 
his sanction, by F. W. Newman. Post 8yo. cloth, pp. 388. 1853. 5s. 

Kossuth. — Sheffield and Nottingham Evening Speeches. Edited 

by himself. 1854. 2d. 

Kossuth. — Glasgow Speeches. Edited by himself. 2d. 

Krapf. — Travels, Eesearches, and Missionary Labours, during 

an Eighteen Tears' Besidence on the Eastern Coast of Africa. By the BeY. Dr. 
J. Lewis Krapf, late Missionary in the service of the Church Missionary Society 
in Eastern and Equatorial Africa ; to which is prefixed a concise Account of 
Geographical Discovery in Eastern Africa, up to the present time, by J. E. Baven- 
stein, F.B.G-.S. In demy 8vo., with a Portrait, two Maps, and twelve Plates. 
Cloth, pp. li. and 566. 1866. £1 Is. 

Kiihner. — An Elementary Grammar of the Greek Language. 
By Baphael Kiihner. Translated by Samuel H. Taylor. One vol. Twentieth 
Edition. 8vo. half-bound, pp. xii. and 355. 1865. 6s. 

Kiihner.— Grammar of the Greek Language for the use of High 

Schools and Colleges. Translated from the German by B. B. Edwards and 
S. H. Taylor. By Baphael Kiihner. Fourth Edition. 8vo. cloth, pp. xvi. and 
620. 1862. 105. 6d. 



52 Publications of Trubner <3f Co. 

KiisteL — Nevada and California Processes oe Silver and Gold 
Extraction for General Use, and especially for the Mining Public of 
California and Nevada, with full explanations and directions for all Metallurgical 
Operations connected with Silver and Gold, from a preliminary examination of 
the ore to the final casting of the ingot. Also a description of the General 
Metallurgy of Silver Ores. By Guido Kiistel, Mining Engineer and Metallurgist. 
Illustrated by accurate engravings. 8vo. cloth, pp. 323. 1868. 14s. 

Lady Nurses eor the Sick Poor in our London Workhouses. 

Report of Proceedings at the Strand Union Board of Guardians, September 4, 
1866. From the Short Hand Notes of Mr. John White. With an Appendix. 
8vo. sewed, pp. 15. 1866. 6d. 

Laghll Kauilllldi. — A Sanskrit Grammar. By Varadaraja. With 

an English Version, Commentary and References. By James B,. Ballantyne, 
LL.D., Principal of the Sanskrit College, Benares. 8vo. cloth, pp. xxxvi. and 
424. 1867. £l lis. 6d. 

Lange. — The Upper Rhine. Illustrating its finest Cities, Castles, 
Buins, and Landscapes. From Drawings by Messrs. Bohbock, Louis aud Julius 
Lange. Engraved by the most distinquished Artists. With a History and 
Topographical Text. Edited by Dr. Gaspey. 8vo., pp. 494. 134 Plates. 
1859. £2 2s. 

Langford. — English Democracy ; its History and Principles. By 
John Alfred Langford. F cap. 8 vo., stiff cover. Pp.88. 1855. Is. Qd. 

Langford, ~- Religion and Education in Eelation to the People. 

By John Alfred Langford. 12mo. cloth, pp. iv. and 133. 1852. 2s. 

•Langford, — Religious Scepticism and Infidelity; their History, 
Cause, Cure, and Mission. By John Alfred Langford. Post Svo. cloth, pp. iv. 
and 246. 1850. 2s. 6d. 

Lathe (The) and its Uses ; or, Instruction in the Art of Turning 
"Wood and Metal. Including a description of the most modern appliances for the 
ornamentation of plane and curved surfaces. With an Appendix, in which is 
described an entirely novel form of lathe for eccentric and rose engine turning ; 
a lathe and planing machine combined ; and other valuable matter relating to 
the art. Copiously illustrated. 8vo. cloth, pp. 290. 1868. los. 

Lawrence, Sir John, Gr.C.B., and the Talooqdars of Otjdh. A 

series of articles contributed to " The Press," showing how the Viceroy of India 
proposes to undermine and destroy the proprietary rights of the landowners of 
that province. 8vo. sewed, pp. 46. 1865. 6d. 

Layman's Faith (A). — Doctrines and Liturgy. By a Layman. 

12mo. cloth, pp. viii. and 150. 1866. 2s. 6d. 

Lea. — An Historical Sketch of Sacerdotal Celibacy in the 
Christian Church. By Henry Carey Lea. 8vo. cloth, pp. 601. 1867. 15s. 

Lea. — Superstition and Force. Essays on the Wager of Law — 
the Wager of Battle — the Ordeal — Torture. By Henry C. Lea. 8vo. cloth, 
pp. 408. 1866. 10s. 6d. 

Le-Brun.— Materials for Translating from English into French; 

being a short Essay on Translation, followed by a Graduated Selection in Prose 
and Verse. By Le-Brim. Second Edition. Be vised and corrected by Henri 
Yan Laun. Post 8vo. cloth, pp. xii. and 203. 1865. is. 



Publications of Trilbner fy Co. 53 

lees. An Inquiry into the Reasons and Results of the 
Prescription of Intoxicating Liquors in the Practice of Medicine. — 
By Dr. F. R. Lees, F.S.A. 12mo. cloth, pp. iv. and 144. 1866. Is. Id. 

Leeser. — The Twenty-four Books of the Holy Scriptures: 

carefully Translated according to the Massoretic Text, after the best Jewish 
Authorities. By Isaac Leeser. 18mo. bound, pp. xii. and 1243. 1865. 7s. 6cl. 

Legge. — The Life and Teachings of Confucius. With, explana- 
tory Notes. By James Legge, D.D. Reproduced for General Headers from the 
Author's work, "containing the Original Text. Post 8vo. cloth, pp. vi. and 338. 
1867. 105. 6d. 
Legge. — The Chinese Classics. With, a Translation, Critical and 
Exegetical, Notes, Prolegomena, and copious Indexes. By James Legge, D.D., 
of the London Missionary Society. In seven Vols. 

Vol. 1, containing Confucian analects, the great learning, and the doctrine of 
the mean. 8vo. cloth, pp. 526. 1861. 42s. 

"Vol. 2, containing the works of Menucius. 8vo. cloth, pp. 634. 1861. 42s. 

Yol. 3, part 1, containing the first parts of the Shoo-King, or the Books of 
T'ang, the Books of Yu; the Books of Hea; the Books of Shang, and the Pro- 
legomena. 8vo. cloth, pp. 291. 1865. 42s. 

Yol. 3, part 2, containing the fifth part of the Shoo-King, or the Books of 
Chow, and the indexes. 8vo. cloth, pp. 453, 1865, 42s, 

Legge. — The Chinese Classics : translated into English. With 

Preliminary Essays and Explanatory Notes. Popular Edition. Reproduced for 
General Readers from the Author's work, containing the Original Text. By 
James Legge, D.D. Yol. 1 — The Life and Teachings of Confucius. 8vo. cloth, 
pp. vi. and 338. 1867. 10s. M. 

Leitner. — The Races and Languages of Dardistan. By G. 
W. Leitner, M.A., Ph. D., Honorary Fellow of King's College, London, etc. 
late on Special Duty in Kashmir. 4 vols. 4to. 1868. \_In the press. 

Lesley. — Man's Origin and Destiny, Sketched from the Platform 

of the Sciences, in a Course of Lectures delivered before the Lowell Institute, in 
Boston, in the Winter of 1865-6. By J. P. Lesley, Member of the National 
Academy of the United States, Secretary of the American Philosophical Society. 
Numerous Woodcuts. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. 392. 1868. 10s. M. 

Contents. — Lecture 1. On the Classification of the Sciences; 2. On the Genius of the 
Physical Sciences, Ancient and Modern; 3. The Geological Antiquity of Man; 4. On the 
'Dignity of Mankind; 5. On the Unity of Mankind ; 6. On the Early Social Life of Man; 7. 
On Language as a Test of Race; 8. The Origin of Architecture; 9. The Growth of the 
Alphabet; 10. The Four Types of Religious Worship ; 11. Jn Arkite Symbolism. Appendix. 

Lessing". — Nathan the Wise. A Dramatic Poem. By Gotthold 
Ephraim Lessing. Translated from the German. With an introduction on 
Lessing and the "Nathan;" its antecedents, character, and influence. Crown 
8vo. cloth, pp. xxviii. and 214. 1868. 6s. 

Lessing. — Letters on Bibliolatry. By Gotthold Ephraim 
Lessing. Translated from the German hy the late H. H. Bernard, Ph. Dr. 
8vo. cloth, pp. 184. 1862. 5s. 

Three Generations of British Reviewers on Lessing. 

"The work before us is as genuine sour-krout as ever perfumed a feast in Westphalia." — 
Edinburgh Review, April, 1806. 

"As a poet, as a critic, a philosopher, or controversialist, his style will be found precisely 
such as we of England are accustomed to admire most. Brief, nervous, vivid ; yet quiet, 
without glitter or antithesis; idiomatic, pure without purism; transparent, yet full of 
character and reflex hues of meaning." — Edinburgh Review, October, 1827. 

"The first foreigner who had the glory of proclaiming Shakespeare to be the greatest 
dramatist the world had ever seen, was Gotthold Ephraim Lessing." — Edinburgh Review 
July, 1849. 



54 Publications of Trubner §• Co. 

Lessing. — The Life and Works of Gr. E. Lessing. From the 

German of Adolph Stahr. l By E. P. Evans, Ph. D. 2 vols., crown 8yo. 
cloth, pp. xvi. and 383, iv. and 442. 1867. 25s. 

Letter to Lord Palmerston, concerning the Question of 
Schleswig-Holstein. 8yo. sewed, pp. 32. 1850. Is. 

Letters from the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bishop of 
Capetown, and the Bishop of Natal. With some Observations on the Arch- 
bishop of Canterbury's reply to the Bishop of Natal. 8vo. pp. 30. 1866. Is. 

Letter to the Eight Honorable the Earl of Derby on Political 
Reform. By one of the People. 8vo. sewed, pp. 46. 1867. Is. 

Leverson. — The Reformer's Reform Bill. Being a Proposed 
New and complete Code of Electoral Law for the United Kingdom. By 
Montague R. Leverson. Post 8vo. sewed, pp. 36. 1866. Is. 

Levy (M.). — The History of Shorthand Writing. By Matthias 
Levy. To which is appended the System used by the Author. Crown 8vo. 
cloth, pp. viii. and 194. 1862. 5s. 

Lima. — Sketches of the Capital of Peru, Historical, Statis- 
tical, Administrative, Commercial, and Moral. By Manuel A. Fuentes, 
Advocate. With numerous Illustrations. 8vo. half bound, pp. ix. and 224. 
1867. 21s. 

Little French Reader (The). — Extracted from " The Modern French 

Beader." Crown 8vo. cloth. 1868. 2s. (See p. 63.) 

Liturgy. — r H dela Xeirovp^ia rod iv ajLOLS Trarpos rjii&v 'Icodvvov 

rov XpvGOGTOfJiov. Tlapcuppaadtiaa Kara to Kei/jLtvov to skSoOsv eyKpfafi Tijg 
lepag 'Svvodov tov fiaoiktiov ttjq 'EWadog. (The divine Liturgy of our holy 
father St. Chrysostome, paraphrased according to the text published with the 
sanction of the Holy Synod of the kingdom of Greece.) 12mo. cloth, gilt 
edges, pp. 76. 2s. 6d. 

Lobscheid, — English and Chinese Dictionary, with the Pnnti 

and Mandarin Pronunciation. By the Rev. "W". Lobscheid, Knight of Francis 
Joseph, C.M.I.R.G.S.A., N.Z.B.S.V., etc. Parts I. and II., folio, pp. iv. and 
1 to 980. (Will be completed in Four Parts). 1867. Price, each part, £1 16s. 

Log CaMn (The) ; or, the World Before Tor. Post 8vo. cloth, 

pp. iv. and 120. 1844. 2s. 6d. 

Longfellow. — Flower de Luce. By Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. 

With Illustrations. Small 4to., extra cloth, gilt edges, pp. 72. 1867. 10s. 6d. 

Longfellow. — Evangeline. A Tale of Acadie. By Henry "W. 
Longfellow. With Illustrations by F. O. C. Darley. Small 4to. extra cloth, 
gilt edges, pp. 157. 1867. 12s. 

Longfellow. — The Poetical Works of Henry Wadsworth Long- 
fellow. Revised Edition. 4 vols., crown 8vo. cloth, gilt top, pp. 318, v. 283, 
v. 351, 372. 1866. 40s. 

Longfellow. — The Prose Works of Henry Wadsworth Long- 
fellow. Eevised Edition. 3 vols, crown 8vo., gilt top, pp. 364, 391, 365. 
1866. 305. 



Publications of Triibner £f Co. 55 

Loomis. — Ats t Lsttrodtjctiox to Practical Astronomy, with a 
Collection of Astronomical Tables. By Elias Loomis, LL.D. Seventh. Edition. 
8vo. sheep, pp. xi. and 499. I860. 10s. 6cl. 

Loomis. — A Treatise ox Astroxomy. By Elias Loomis, Pro- 
fessor of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy in Yale College, Author of "An 
Introduction to Practical Astronomy," and of a series of Mathematics for Schools 
and Colleges. 8vo. sheep, pp. 338. With eight Plates. 1868. 10s. M. 

Lorgion. — The Pastor of Vliethtjizex, or Conversations about 
the Groningen School, the Doctrine of the Church, the Science of Theology, and 
the Eible. By E. J. Diest Lorgion, D.D. Translated from the Dutch. Post 
4to., pp. iv. and 128. 1861. 7s. 6d. 

Lowe.— Speech of the Eight HojN t . Kobert Lowe, M.P., on the 
Irish Tenant Eight Bill, and a Letter of Lord Oranmore's to the Times. 8vo. 
sewed, pp. 22. 1866. 6d. 

Lowell. — The Vision of Sir Latjotax. By James Russell Lowell. 
"With. Illustrations "by S. Eytinge, jun. Small 4to. 28 leaves, printed on one 
side only. 1867. 10s. 6d. 

Lowell. — The Poetical Works of James E. Lowell. Complete 
in two yolumes. Blue and Gold Series. 21mo. cloth., pp. ix. 315, 322. 
With Portrait. 1863. 10s. 

Ludewig. — The Literature of American Aboriginal Languages, 

with Additions and Corrections by Professor "Win. "W. Turner. Edited by 
Nicolas Triibner. 8vo. fly and general Title, 2 leaves ; Dr. Ludewig' s Preface, 
pp. v. — viii. ; Editor's Preface, pp. ix. — xii. ; Biographical Memoir of Dr. Lude- 
wig, pp. xiii., xiv. ; and Introductory Bibliographical Notices, pp. xv. — xxiv., 
followed by List of Contents. Then follow Dr. Ludewig' s Bibliotheca Glottica, 
alphabetically arranged, with Additions by the Editor, pp. 1 — 209 ; Professor 
Turner's Additions, with those of the Editor to the same, also alphabetically 
arranged, pp. 210—246 ; Index, pp. 217—256 ; and list of Errata, pp. 257, 258. 
By Hermann E. Ludewig. 8yo. cloth. London. 1858. 10s. 6d. 

This work is intended to supply a great want, now that the study of Ethnology has proved 
that exotic languages are not mere curiosities, but essential and interesting parts of the 
natural history of man, forming one of the most curious links in the great chain of national 
affinities, defining as they do the reciprocity existing between man and the soil he lives upon. 
Xo one enn venture to vnite the history of America without a knowledge of her aboriginal 
languages; and unimportant as such researches may seem to men engaged in the mere 
bustling occupations of life, they will at least acknowledge that these records of the past, like 
the stern lights of a departing ship, are the last glimmers of savage life, as it becomes absorbed 
or recedes before the tide of civilization. Dr. Ludewig and Prof. Taylor have made most 
diligent use of the public and private collections in America, access to all of which was most 
liberally granted to them. This has placed at their disposal the labours of the American 
Missionaries, so little known on this side of the Atlantic that they may be looked upon almost 
in the light of untrodden ground. But English and Continental libraries have also been 
ransacked ; and Dr. Ludewig kept up a constant and active correspondence with scholars of 
"the Fatherland," as well as with men of similar tastes and pursuits in France, Spain, and 
Holland, determined to leave no stone unturned to render his labours as complete as possible. 
The volume, perfect in itself, is the first of an enlarged edition of Vater's '* Linguarum totius 
oi-bis Index" The work has been noticed by the press of both Continents, and we may be 
permitted to refer particularly to the following. 

Opinions of the Phess. 
4 ' This work, mainly the production of the late Herr Ludewig, a German, naturalized in 
America, is devoted to an account of the literature of the aboriginal languages of that country. 
It gives an alphabetical list of the various tribes of whose languages any record remains, and 
refers to the works, papers, or manuscripts, in which such information may be found. The 
work has evidently been a labour of love ; and as no pains seem to have been spared by the 
editors, Prof. Turner and Mr. Triibner, in rendering the work as accurate and complete as 
possible, those who are most interested in its contents will be best able to judge of the labours 
and assiduity bestowed upon it by author, editors, and publisher." — Athenavm, 5th April. 
1858. 



56 Publications of Triibner §* Co. 

"This is the first instalment ot a work which will be of the greatest value to philologists ; 
and is a compendium of the aboriginal languages of the American continents, and a digest of 
all the known literature bearing upon those languages. Mr. Triibner's hand has been engaged 
passim, and in his preface he lays claim to about one-sixth of the whole ; and we have no 
doubt that the encouragement with which this portion of the work will be received by- 
scholars, will be such as to inspire Mr. Triibner with sufficient confidence to persevere in his 
arduous and most honourable task.'" — The Critic, 15th Dec, 1857. 

"Few wonld believe that a good octavo volume would be necessary to exhaust the subject ; 
yet so it is, and this handsome, useful, and curious volume, carefully compiled by Mr. Lude- 
wig. assisted by Prof. Turner, and edited by the careful hand of Mr. Triibner, the well-known 
publisher, will be sure to find a place in many libraries."— BenV s Advertiser, Gth Nov., 1857. 

" Tiie lovers of American linguistics will find in the work of Mr. Triibner scarcely any point 
omitted calculated to aid the comparative philologer in tracing the various languages of the 
great Western Continent." — Gahcay Mercury, 30th Jan., 1858. 

" Only those deeply versed in philological studies can appreciate this book at its full value. 
It shows that there are upwards of seven hundred and fifty aboriginal American languages," 
— Gentleman's Magazine, Feb., 1858. 

" The work contains an account of no fewer than seven hundred different aboriginal dialects 
of America, whh an introductory chapter of bibliographical information; and under each 
dialect is an account of any grammars or other works illustrative of it." — The Bookseller, 
Jan., 1858. 

" We nave here the list of monuments still existing, of an almost innumerable series of 
languages and dialects of the American Continent. The greater part of Indian grammars and 
vocabularies exist only in MS., and were compiled chiefly by Missionaries of the Christian 
Church ; and to Dr. Ludewig and Mr. Triibner, we are, therefore, the more indebted for the 
great care with which they have pointed out where such are to be found, as well as for 
enumerating those which have been printed, either in a separate shape, in collections, or in 
voyages and travels, and elsewhere." — Leader, 11th Sept., 18 58. 

" I have not time, nor is it my purpose, to go into a review of this admirable work, or to 
attempt to indicate the extent and value of its contents. It is, perhaps, en -ugh to say, that 
apart from a concise but clear enumeration and notice of the various general philological 
works which treat with greater or less fulness of American languages, or which incidentally 
touch upon their bibliography, it contains rot less than 256 closely-printed octavo pages of 
bibliographical notices of grammars, vocabularies, etc., of the aboriginal languages of America. 
It is a peculiar and valuable feature of the work that not only the titles of printed or published 
grammars or vocabularies are given, but also that unpublished or MS. works of these kinds 
are noticed, in all cases where they are known to exist, but which have disappeared among 
the debris of the suppressed convents and religious establishments of Spanish America," — 
K G. Squier, in a paper read before the American Ethnological Society, 12th Jan., 1858. 

"In consequence of the death of the author before he had finished the revisal of the work 
it has been carefully examined by competent scholars, who have aligo made many valuable 
additions." — American Publishers' Circular, 30th Jan., 1858. 

" It contains 256 closely-printed pages of titles, ot printed books and manuscripts, and 
notices of American aboriginal languages, and embraces references to nearly all that has been 
written or published respecting them, whether in special works or incidentally in b >oks of 
travel, periodicals, or proceedings of learned societies." — New York Herald, 26th Jan., 1858. 

"The manner in which this contribution to the bibliography of American languages has 
been executed, both by the author, Mr. Ludewig, and the able writers who have edited the 
work since his death, is spoken of in the highest terms by gentlemen most conversant with 
the subject." — American Historical Magazine, Vol. II., No. 5, May, 1858. 

" Je terrninerai en annoncant le premier volume d'une publication appelee a rendre de 
grands services a la philologie comparee et a la linguistique gene'rale. Je veux parler de la 
Eibiiotheca Glottica, ouvrage devant renfermer la liste de tous les dictionnaires et de toutcs 
les grammaires des langues connues. taut imprimds que manuscrits. I.'e'diteur de cette pre"- 
cieuse bibliographic est M. Nicolas Triibner, dont le nom est honorablement connu dans le 
monde oriental. Le premier volume est consacre aux idiomes AmeVicains ; le second doit 
traiter des langues de 1'Intle. Le travail est fait avec le soin le plus consckncieux, et fera 
honneur a M. Nicolas Triibner, surtout s'il poursuit son ceuvre avcc la meme ardeur qu'il 
a mise a la commencer." — L. Lion de Rosny. Revue de VOrient, Fevrier, 1858. 

"Mr. Triibner's most important work on the bibliography of the aboriginal languages ot 
America is deserving of all praise, as eminently useful to those who study tbat branch of 
literature. The value, too, of the book, and of the pains which its compilation must have 
cost, will not be lessened by the consideration that it is first in this field of linguistic litera- 
ture."— Petermanu's Gcographische Miitheilungen. p. 79, Feb., 1S58. 

"Undoubtedly this volume of Triibner's Bibliotheca Glottica ranks amongst the most 
valuable additions which of late years have enriched our bibliograpbical literature. To us 
Germans it is most gratifying, that the initiative has been taken by a German bookseller.him- 
self one of the most intelligent and actve of our countrymen abroad, to produce a work 
which has higher aims than mere pecuniary profit, and that he, too, has laboured at its pro- 
duction with his own hands ; because daily it is becoming a circumstance of rarer occurrence 
that, as in this case, it is a bookseller's primary object to serve the 'cause of literature rather 
than to enrich himself "—P. Tromel, Borsenblatt, 4th Jan., 1858. 



Publications of Trubner §• Co. 57 

" In the compilation of the work the editors have availed themselves not only of the labours 
•of Vater, Barton. Duponceau, Galiatvin, De Souza, and others, but also of the MS. sources left 
by the missionaries, aud of many books of which even the ■ibrary of the British .Museum, is 
deficient, and furnish the fullest account of the literature of no iess than 52. r > language-. The 
value of the work, so necessary to the study of ethnology, is greatly enhanced by the addition 
of a good Index."— 'Berliner National-Zeitung, 22nd Nov., 1857. 

" The name of the author, to all those who are acquainted with his former works, and who 
"know the thoroughness and profound character of his investigations, is a sufficient guarantee 
that this work will be one of standard authority, and one that will fully answer the demands 
of the present time."— Petzholdt's Anzezger, Jan., 1858. 

"The chief merit of the editor and publisher is to have terminated the work carefully and 
lucidly in contents and form, and thus to have es ablished a new and largely augmenred 
edition of ' Vater s Linguarum totius orbis Index.' after Professor JLilg's revision of 1847. In 
order to continue and complete this work the editor requires the assistance of all those who 
are acquainted with this new branch of science, and we sincerely hope it may be accorded to 
him." — Magazin fur die IAteratur des Auslandes, No. 38, 1858. 

" As the general title of the book indicates, it will be extended to the languages of the 
other continents, in case it meets with a favourable reception, which we most cordially wish 
it."— A. F. Pott, Preussische Jahrucher, Vol. II., part 1. 

" Cette compilation savante est, sans contredit, le travail bibHographique le plus important 
que notre epoque ait vu &urgir sur les nations indigenes de l'Arne'rique." — Nouvelles Annales 
des Voyages, Avril, 1859. 

* La Bibhotheca Glottica, dont M. Nicolas Trubner a commence la publication, est un des 
livres les plus utiles qui aient jamais e'te rediges pour faciliter l'etude de la philolosi ■• coin- 
parCe. Le premier tome de cette grande bibliographie linguistique comprend la liste textuelle 
<le toutes les graramaires, de tous les dictionnaires et des vocabulaires memo les moins 
etendus qui out ete imprimes dans les differents dialectes des deux Ameriques ; en outre, il 
fait connaitre les ouviagcs muiuscrirs de la meme nature renfermes dans les principals 
bibliotheques publiques et particulieres. Ce travail a du nCcessiter de longues et pitienres 
recherches ; aussi me:ite-t-il d'attirer tout partieulierement l'attention des philologues. 
Puissont les auties volumes de cette biblioiheque etre rediges avec le meme soin et se trouver 
bientot entre les mains de tous les savants auxquels ils peuvent rendre des services inappre'- 
ciabies." — Revue Americaine et Orientate, No. l,Oct., 1858. 

" To every fresh addition to the bibliography of language, of which we have a mos* admir- 
able specimen in this work, the thoughtful linguist will ever, as the grear problem of the 
unity of human speech approaches towards its full solution, turn with increasing satisfaction 
and hope. 

"But Mr. Nicolas Trubner, however, has, perhaps, on the whole, dene the highest service 
of all to the philologer, by the publication of " l he Literature of American Aboriginal 
Languages." He has. with the aid of Professor Turner, greatly enlarged, and at the same 
time m©st skilfully edited, the valuable materials acquired by his deceased friend, M. Lude- 
wig. We do not, indeed, at this moment, know any similar work deserving of full comparison 
with it. In its ample enumeration of important works of reference, and careful record of the 
most recent facts in the literature of its subject, it, as might have been expected, greatly 
• surpasses Jiilg's ' Vater,' valuable and trustworthy though that learned German's work un- 
doubtedly is. w — North British Review, No. 59, Feb., 1859. 

The Editor has also received most kind' and encouraging letters respecting the work from 
Sir George Grey, the Chevalier Bunsen, Dr. Th. Goldstiicker, Mr. Watts (of the Museum),. 
Professor A. Fr. Pott (of Halle), Dr. Julius Petzholt (of Dresden), Hofrath Dr. Grasse (of 
Dresden), M. F. F. de la Figamere (of Lisbon). E. Edwards (of Manchester), Dr. Max Muller 
{of Oxford), Dr. Buschmann (of Berlin), Dr. Jiilg (of Cracow), and other linguistic scholars. 

Lnvini, — Tables of Logarithms with Seven Places of Decimals. 
By John. Luvini. Crown 8yo, cloth, pp. viii. and 368. 1866. 5s. 

Xyman. — Cotton Culture. By Joseph B. Lyman, late of Louisiana. 
With an additional chapter on Cotton Seed, and its Uses. By J. B. Svpher. 
Cloth, pp. VII. and 190. 6s. 

lySOILS. — Our Vulgar Tongue. A Lecture on Language in 
general, with a. few words on Gloucestershire in particular. Delivered before 
the Literary and Scientific Association at Gloucester, January 17th, 1868, with 
Appendix containing tables of the world-wide affinity of Languages. By the 
Bev. Samuel Lysons, M.A., F.S.A,, Hon. Canon of Gloucester Cathedral, and 
Hector of Bodmarton, Author of "Our British Ancestors," "The Model 
Merchant of the Middle Ages," etc., etc. 8yo. stiff cover, pp. 51 and 62. 1868. 
2s. 6d. 



58 Publications of Trubner fy Co. 

Maccall, "W. — National Missions. A Series of Lectures. 8vo. pp. 

viii. and 382. 1855. 10s. 6d. 

Maccall. — Sacramental Services. 12mo. sewed, pp. 20. 1847. 
6d. 

Maccall. — The Agents oe Civilization. A Series of Lectures. 

12mo. cloth, pp. 126. 1843. Is. 6d. 

Maccall. — The Doctrine of Individuality. A Discourse delivered 

at Crediton, on the 28th of May, 1843. 12mo. sewed, pp.22. 1843. 6d, 

Maccall. — The Education oe Taste. A Series of Lectures. 12mo. 

sewed, pp. 104. 1846. Is. 

Maccall. — The Elements oe Individualism. A Series of Lectures. 

8vo. cloth, pp. 358. 1847. 7s. 6d, 

Maccall. — The Individuality oe the Individual. A Lecture 
delivered at Exeter on the 29th March, 1844, before the Literary Society. 12mo. 
sewed, pp. 40. 1844. 6d. 

Maccall.— The Lessons oe the Pestilence. A Discourse delivered 
at Boyston, on the 23rd September, 1849. 12mo. sewed, pp. 22. 1849. 6d. 

Maccall. — The Unchristian Nature oe Commercial Restrictions. 

A Discourse delivered at Eolton, on Sunday, the 27th September, 1840. 12mo. 
sewed, pp. 14. 1840. 3d. 

Macfarlane. — A Letter to our Grandchildren. By William 
Macfarlane, Esq., Brighton, Author of "A Letter to the Eishop of Natal." 8vo. 
sewed, pp. 15. 1862. 2d, 

Macfarlane. — A Letter to the Eight Eeverend Dr. Colenso, 
Bishop of Natal, remonstrating against his leaving the Church of England. By 
"William Macfarlane, Esq., Brighton. 8vo. sewed, pp. 8. 1862. Id. 

Macfarlane, — A Practical Letter to the Citizens of the World 
on the Civil Wars among the Bishops and Clergy. By William Macfarlane, Esq., 
Brighton, Author of "A Eetter to our Grandchildren," and "A Letter to the 
Bishop of Natal." 8vo. sewed, pp. 18. 1863. 3d. 

Mackellar. - The American Printer. A Manual of Typography, 

containing complete instructions for beginners, as well as practical directions 
for managing all departments of a Brinting Office. With several useful tables, 
schemes for imposing forms in every variety, hints to Authors and Eublishers, 
etc., etc. Ey Thomas Mackellar. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. 336. 1867. 9s. 

Mackenzie.^- Condensed Temperance Facts eor Christians. "With 

remarks on ancient and modern wines and malt liquors. Ey J. Mackenzie, 
M.D., Justice of the Eeace, Brovost of Inverness. 12mo. sewed, pp. 40. 
1868. 3d, 

Madeira. — A Briee Letter oe Advice to an Invalid, in reply to a 
request for information about Madeira as a winter residence. By an ex-invalid. 
8vo. sewed, pp. 8. 1859. 6d, 

M'Caill. — Jerusalem : its Bishop, its Missionaries, and its Converts ; 
being a Series of Letters addressed to the Editor of the "Daily News" in the 
Year 1858, by the late Eev. Alexander M'Caul, D.D., with other Letters, etc., 
illustrative thereof. Collected and Edited by his Son, Samuel M'Caul, B.C.L., 
of St. John's College, Oxford, etc. 8vo. sewed, pp. 80. 1866. Is. 6d. 



Publications of Trubner §* Co. 59 

McCulloch. — A Treatise on the Circumstances which determine the 
Rate of "Wages and the Condition of the Labouring Classes. By J. R. 
McCulloch, Esq. 12mo. cloth, pp. x. and 114. 1868. Is. 

McPherson. — The Political History op the United States of 

America during the Great Rebellion, from November 6, 1860, to July 4, 1864; 
with Summary of the Legislation thereon, and the Executive, Judicial, and 
Politico-Military Facts; together with an Account of the Rebel Administration. 
By Edward McPherson, of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, Clerk of the House of 
Representatives. Royal 8vo., bound. 1864. 18s. 

Mahan. — An Elementary Course of Military Engineering. 

Part I. Comprising Field Fortifications, Military Mining and Siege OperatioDS. 
By D. H. Mahan, LL.D., Professor of Military and Civil Engineering in the 
U. S. Military Academy. 8vo. cloth, pp.xxx. and 284. 1865. 16s. 

" The best treatise on its subject we know — lucid, accurate, full, and yet concise, .it is the book, 
by which most can be learned about the art of war." — United States Service Magazine- 

Mahan. — An Elementary Treatise on Military Engineering 
Part II. Permanent Fortifications. By D. H. Mahan, LL.D. With Plates. 8vo. 
cloth, pp. 176. 25s. 



— Summary of the Course oe Permanent Eortlfications, 

and of the Attack and Defence of Permanent Works. For the Use of the Cadets 
of the United States Military Academy. By D. H. Mahan, Professor of Military 
Engineering, at the United States Military Academy. 2 vols. 4to. with folio 
Plates. Lithographed at the United States Military Academy Press. 25s. 

Mahan. — An Elementary Course oe Ciyil Engineering for 
the nse of Cadets of the United States Military Acadeipy. By D. H. Mahan, 
M.A. New Edition, with large Addenda, and many new Cnts. 8vo. cloth, pp. 
410. 18*. 

Maharajahs. — History of the Sect oe Maharajahs; or, Valla- 
hhacharyas in Western India. With a Steel Plate. 1 vol. 8vo. cloth, pp. 
xv. and 183. 1865. 12s. 

Malleson. — Essays and Lectures on Indian Historical Subjects* 

I. A Native State and its Eiders. — II. Lord Lake of Laswarrie. — III. Conn* 
Lallay. — IV. Havelock. — V. Hyder Ali's Last War. — YI. Sir Hugh Pose. 
By Major Gr. B. Malleson, Bengal Staff Corps. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. 360. 
1868. 6s. 

Manava-Kalpa-Sutra. — Being a portion of this ancient "Work on 
Yaidik Rites, together with the Commentary of Kumarila-Swamin. A 
Facsimile of the MS. No. 17, in the Library of Her Majesty's Home Govern- 
ment for India. With a Preface by Theodor Goldstiicker. Oblong folio, pp. 
268 of letter-press, and 121 leaves of facsimiles. Cloth. 1863. £4k 

ManipulllS Tocabulorum. — A Bhymlng Dictionary oe the English 
Language. By Peter Levins (1570). Edited, with an Alphabetical Index, by 
Henry B. Wheatley. 8vo. cloth, pp. xvi. and 370. 1867. 145. 

Mann. — A Eew Thoughts for a Young Man. A Lecture 
delivered before the Boston Mercantile Library Association, on its 29th anniver- 
sary. By Horace Mann. Second Edition. 12mo. sewed., 56 pp. 1854. 6cl. 



60 Publications of Trubner fy Co, 

Maimlieimer. — The Study of German Simplified in a New 

S3 7 stematic and Practical Grammar, according to the Systems of Ollendorff and 
Dr. Arm. By H. Mannheimer. Third Edition, carefully revised, greatly 
enlarged, and improved. Post 8 vo., stiff covers, pp. 270. 1864. 4s. 6d. 
Ditto. Ditto. Key to. Is. 

Manning. — Inquiry into the Character, and Origin of the 
Possessive, Augment, in English and Cognate Dialects. By James 
Manning, Q.A.S., Recorder of Oxford. Reprinted fiom the " Transactions of the 
Philological Society," with an Appendix and Index. 1 vol. crown 8vo., sewed, 
Pp. ii. and 90. 18*64. 2s. 

Manning. — Thoughts upon Subjects connected with Parlia- 
mentary Reform. By James Manning, Her Majesty's Ancient Serjeant-at- 
Law. 8vo., sewed. Pp. 20. 1866. Is. 

Manual oe Punctuation (A), for Self-teaching and for Schools. 

By a Practical Printer. 12mo. pp. 40, limp cloth. 1859. Is. 

Maritime Capture. — Shall England uphold the Capture of Pri- 
vate Property at Sea ? By a Lawyer. Post 8vo. sewed. Pp.40. 1866. Is. 

Markham, — Quichua Grammar and Dictionary. Contributions 

towards a Grammar and Dictionary of Quichua, the Language of the Yncas of 
Pern ; collected by Clements E. Markham, F.S.A., Corr. Mem. of the University 
of Chili, Author of " Cuzco and Lima," and " Travels in Peru and India." In 
one vol., crown 8vo., pp. 150, cloth. 1864. 10s. 6d. 

Marmontel. — Belisaire. Par Marmontel. Nouvelle edition, revue 

et corrigee par Ernest Brette, Chas. Cassal, Theod Karker. 12mo. cloth, pp. 
xii. 123. 1867. 2s. 6d. 

Martin.- — The Age of Louis XIV. By Henri Martin. Trans- 
lated from the Fourth Paris Edition, with the author's sanction and co-operation. 
By Mary L. Booth. 2 vols. 8vo. cloth, pp. xxii. and 563; viii. and 543. 

1865. £1 16s. 

Martinean. — Letters prom Ireland. By Harriet Martineau. 
Reprinted from the " Daily News." Post 8vo. cloth, pp. viii. and 220. 
1852. 6s. 6d. 

Martinean. — A History of the American Compromises. Ee- 
printed (with additions) from the "Daily News." By Harriet Martineau. 8vo. 
pp. 35. 1856. Is. 

Martinean, — Essays, Philosophical and Theological. By James 
Martinean. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. iv. and 424. 1866. 10s. 6d. 

Marx. — The Serf and the Cossack. A Sketch of the Condition 
of the Russian People. By Francis Marx. Second Edition, enlarged. 12mo. 
sewed, pp. 60. 1865. Is. 

Mason. — Burmah: its People and Natural Productions; or, 

Notes on the Nations, Fauna, Flora, and Minerals of Tenasserim, Pegu, and 
Burmah ; with systematic Catalogues of the known Mammals, Birds, Fish, 
Reptiles, Insects, Molluscs, Crustaceans, Annalids, Radiates, Plants, and 
Minerals, with Vernacular Names. By Rev. F. Mason,- D.D., M.R.A.S., Cor- 
responding Memher of the American Oriental Society, etc., etc. Second Edition, 
8vo. cloth, pp xvii. and 913. 1860. 30s. 



Publications of Trubner §• Co. 61 

Massey, Gerald. — Havelock's March ; and other Poems. 12mo. 
cloth, pp. vii. and 269. 1861. 5s. 

MatMra. — A Trilingual Dictionary, being a comprehensive 
Lexicon in English, Urdu, and Hindi, exhibiting the Syllabication, Pronuncia- 
tion, and Etymology of English "Words, with their Explanation in English, and 
in Urdu and Hindi in the Roman Character. By Mathura Prasada Misra, 
Second Master, Queen's College, Benares. 8 vo. cloth, pp. xir. and 1330. 1865. 
£2 2s. 

Matthay. — Deutsche Literatur und Lese-Buch. German Lite- 
rature and Reader. By T. Matthay, M.R.C.P., Professor to the Wimbledon 
College, Clapham Grammar School, and other Military and Ladies' Colleges, etc 
Post 8vo., cloth, pp. viii. and 575. 1866. 7s. 6d. 

Matthew. — Scbxeswig-Holstein. By Patrick Matthew. 8vo. 
sewed, pp. 62. 1864. Is. 

Mayer Papyri, and the Palimpsest Manuscripts of Uranius belong- 
ing to M. Simonides, Report of the Council of the Royal Society of Literature, 
with letters from Messrs. Pertz, Ehrenberg, and Dindorf. 8vo. sewed, pp. 30. 
1863. Is. 

Mayne. — The Lost Friend. A Crimean Memory. And other 
Poems. By Colbourn Mayne, Esq. 12mo., cloth, pp. viii. and 134. 1857 
35. 6d, 

Mazzini. — An Address to Pope Pius IX., on his Encyclical 
Letter. By Joseph Mazzini. 8vo., sewed, pp. 24. 4th Edition. 1865. 6d. 

Medhurst. — Chinese Dialogues, Questions, and Familiar Sen- 
tences, literally rendered into English, with a view to promote commercial 
intercourse, and assist heginners in the Language. By the late W. H. 
Medhurst, D.D. A new and enlarged edition. 8vo. sewed, pp. 225. 1863. 18s. 

Meditations on Life and its Religious Duties. Translated from 
the German by Frederica Rowan. Dedicated to H.R.H. Princess Louis of 
Hesse. Published by Her Majesty's gracious permission. Being the Com- 
panion Volume to " Meditations on Death and Eternity." 8vo. cloth, pp. 
1863. 105. 6d, 
Ditto. Smaller Edition, crown 8vo., printed on" toned paper, pp. 338. 1863. 6s. 

Meditations on Death and Eternity. Translated from the Ger- 
man by Frederica Rowan. Published by Her Majesty's gracious permission. 
8vo. cloth, pp. 386. 1862. 10s. 6d, 

Ditto. Smaller Edition, crown 8vo. cloth, printed on toned paper, pp. 352. 
1863. 6s. 

Mellet. — Sunday and the Sabbath. Translated from the French 
of Louis Yictor Mellet, Pastor of Yvorne. 12mo., sewed, pp. yiii. 106. 1856. Is. 

Menke, Dr. T. — Orbis Antiqui Descriptio : an Atlas illustrating 
Ancient History and Geography, for the Use of Schools; containing 18 Maps 
engraved on Steel and Coloured, with Descriptive Letter-press. 4th edition. 
Folio, half-bound morocco. 1866. 5s. 

Mercer. — Mount Carmel: A Poem. By Edward; [Smith Mercer. 

12mo. sewed, pp. 80. 1867. Is. 

Merimee. — Colomba. Par Prosper Merimee, de l'Academie Fran- 
chise. 12mo. cloth, pp. yiii. and 210. 1867 3s. 6d. 



£2 Publications of Trubner §• Co. 

Mertens. — Huit Jours a Londres, Guide du touriste et du 
voyageur. Par Constant Mertens. Small 4to. sewed, pp. 82. 1867. 3s. 

Michael. — The Social Gospel. By E. J. Michael. First English 
Edition. To be continued by " The Social Code." Crown 8yo. sewed, pp. 294. 
1867. 2s. 6d. 

Michaelis. — A New System of Stenography or Short-hand, on 

the Principles of W. Stolze. By Dr. Gustav Michaelis. With. 32 lithographic 
plates. 12mo. stiff covers, pp. viii. and 135. 1864. 3s. 

Michaelis. — The Little Tiro. — A Practical Compendium of English 
Shorthand. By Gustav Michaelis. With Sixteen Lithographic Plates. 12mo. 
stiff covers, pp. 28. 1864. Is. 

Michel. — Les Ecossais en France, Les Francais en Ecosse. Par 

Francisque Michel, Correspondant de l'lnstitut de France, etc. Handsomely 
bound in two Volumes, 8vo., in rich blue cloth, with emblematical designs. Pp. 
vii. 547 and 551, with upwards of 100 Coats of Arms, and other Illustrations. 
Price £1 12s. — Also a Large Paper Edition (limited to 100 Copies), printed on 
Thick Paper. Two Volumes, 4to., half morocco, with three additional Steel 
Engravings. 1862. £3 3s. 

Michelena y Rojas. — Exploracion Oeicial por la primera vez 

desde el Norte de la America del Sur siempre por Bios, entrando por las Bocas 
del Orinoco, de los Valles de este mismo y del meta, casiquiare, Bio-Negro 6 
Guaynia y Amazonas, hasta nauta en el alto Maraiion 6 Amazonas, arriba de las 
Bocas del Ucayali bajada del Amazonas Hasta el Atlantico. Comprendiendo en 
ese imnenso espacio los Estados de Venezuela, Guayana Inglesa, Nueva- Granada, 
Brasil, Ecuador, Peru y Bolivia. Viaje a Bio de Janeiro desde belen en el Gran 
Para, por el Atlantico, tocando en las Capitales de las principales provincias del 
Imperio en los afios, de 1855 hasta 1859. Por F. Michelena y Bojas, Viajero al 
Bededor del Mundo, Miembro de la Beal Sociedad Economic a Matritense y de la 
Beal Academia de Arqueologia y de Geografia de la Misma. Publicado bajo los 
Auspicios del Gobierno de los Estados Unidosdo Venezuela. Boyal 8vo. With 
Map. Sewed, pp. 684. 1867. 18,?. 

Miles. — The Social, Political and Commercial Advantages 

of Direct Steam Communication and Bapid Postal Intercourse between Europe 
and America, via Galway, Ireland. By Pliny Miles. Illustrated by a Map. 
8vo. sewed, pp. 122. 1859. Is. 

Mill. — The Enfranchisement of "Women. By Mrs. Stuart Mill. 

(Beprinted from the "Westminster Beview.") 8vo. sewed, pp. 16. 1868. Id. 

Mill. — Auguste Comte and Positivism. By John Stuart Mill, 

Esq., M.P. 8vo. cloth, pp. 200. 1866. 6s. 

Mill. — Speech of John Stuart Mill, Esq., M.P., on the Admission 
of Women to the Electoral Franchise, spoken in the House of Commons, 
May 20th, 1867. 8vo. sewed, pp. 18. 1867. 6d. 

Millhouse. — New English and Italian Pronouncing and Expla- 
natory Dictionary. By John Millhouse. Vol. I. English- Italian. Vol. II. 
Italian-English. Two vols, square 8vo. cloth. 3rd edition, with Numerous 
Additions and Improvements. Pp. 608 and 740. 1867. 12$. 

Millh0US3, John. — Manual of Italian Conversation. For the 

Use of Schools. 18mo. cloth, pp. 126. 1866. 2s. 



Publications of Trubner <5f Co. 63 

Hiscegenation : The Theory of the Blending of the Eaces, 
applied to the American White Man and Negro. 12mo. cloth, pp. 92. 1864. 

2s. 6d, 

Modern French Keadeb, (The). Edited by the Eev. P. H. Ernest 
Brette, B.D., of Christ's Hospital, London; Professor Ch. Cassal, LL.D., of 
University College, London, and Theodor Karcher, LL.B., of the Boyal Military 
Academy, Woolwich, former and present Examiner in the University of London, 
and for the Civil Service of India. Crown 8vo. cloth. 1868. 2s. 6d. 



-The " Standard- Alphabet" Pkoblem; or, the Pre- 
liminary Subject of a General Phonic System considered, on the basis of some 
important Facts in the Secdrwana Language of South Africa, and in Beference 
to the Views of Professors Lepsius, Max Miiller, and others. A Contribution to 
Phonetic Philology, by Bobert Moffat, jun., Fellow of the Boyal Geographical 
Society. 8vo. cloth, pp. xxviii. and 174. 1864. 7s. 6d. 

Molesworth. — A Dictionary, Mabathi and English. Compiled 
by J. T. Molesworth, assisted by George and Thomas Candy. Second Edition, 
revised and enlarged, by J. T. Molesworth. Boyal 4to. pp. xxx. and 922, boards. 
1857. £3 -3s. 

Moor. — The Hindu Pantheon. By Edward Moor, F.E.S. A 

New Edition, with additional Plates, Condensed and Annotated, by the Bev. W. 
0. Simpson. 8vo. cloth, pp. xvi. and 402. With a Frontispiece and 59 Plates. 
1864. £2 8s. 

MorelL — Russia and England ; their Strength and their Weak- 
ness. By John Beynell Morell, Author of " Bussia as it is," etc. 12mo. sewed, 
pp. 104. 1854. Is. 

Morgan. — A Dictionary oe Terms used in Printing. By H. 
Morgan, Government Printing Establishment. 8vo. cloth, pp. 136. 1863. 
7s. 6d, 

Morgan. — The Duke's Daughter. A Classic Tragedy, Acting 

Edition. Pp. 78, roan. 6s. 

Morley. — A Descriptive Catalogue of the Historical Manuscripts 
in the Arabic and Persian Languages preserved in the Library of the Boyal 
Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. By William H. Morley, M.B.A.S. 
8vo., pp. viii. and 160, sewed. 1854. 2s. 6d. 

Morley. — Sunrise in Italy, etc. Reveries. By Henry Morley. 

4to. cloth, pp. 164. 1848. 7s. 6d. 

Morrison. — A Dictionary of the Chinese Language. By the 
Bev. B. Morrison, D.D. New Edition. 2 vols, small 4to. cloth. Vol. 1, pp. 
ix. and 762. Vol. 2. pp. 827. 1865. £4 4s. 

Motley. — Causes of the Ciyil War in America. By John Lothrop 
Motley, LL.D. Beprinted from the "Times." 8vo. sewed, pp. 30. 1861. Is. 

Muhammed. — The Life of Muhammed. Based on Muhammed 
Ibn Ishak. By Abd El Malik Ibn Hishani. Edited by Dr. Ferdinand Wiisten- 
fleld. One volume containing the Arabic Text. 8vo. sewed, pp. 1026. 21s. 
Another Volume, containing Introduction, Notes, and Index in German. 8vo. 
sewed, pp. lxxii. and 266. 7s. 6d. Each part sold separately. 
The test based on the Manuscripts of the Berlin, Leipsic, Gotha, and Leyden Libraries, has 

been carefully revised by the learned editor, and printed with the utmost exactness. 



64 Publications of Trubner <Sf Co, 

Mllir. — Original Sanskrit Texts, on the Origin and History of the 
People of India, their Religion and Institutions. Collected, Translated, and 
Illustrated by J. Muir, Esq., D.C.L., LL.D. Volume First: Mythical and 
Legendary Accounts of the Origin of Caste, with an inquiry into its existence in 
the ^eclic age. Second Edition. Re-written and greatly enlarged. 8vo. 
pp. xx. and 532, cloth. 1868. 21s. 

Muir. — Original Sanskrit Texts, on the Origin and History of 

the People of India, their Religion and Institutions. Collected, Translated, and 
Illustrated by J. xMuir, Esq., D.C.L., LLD. Volume Third. The Vedas : 
Opinions of their Authors, and of later Indian Writers, on their Origin, Inspira- 
tion, and Authority. Second Edition, Enlarged. [In the press. J 

Muir. — Original Sanskrit Texts, on the Origin and History of 
the People of India, their Eeligion and Institutions. Collected, Translated into 
English, and Illustrated hy Remarks, by J. Muir, D.C.L., LL.D. Vol. Fourth. 
Comparison of the Yedic with the later representation of the principal Indian 
Deities. 8vo. cloth, pp. xii. and 440. 1863. 15s. 

Mllllhall. — Cotton Fields of Paraguay and Corrientes; being 

an Account of a Tour through these Countries, preceded by Annals of Cotton 
Planting in the River Plate Territories, from 1862 to 1861. By Michael G. 
Mulhall. Square 8vo. sewed, pp. 120. 1866. 5s. 

Miiller. — Parallele entre Jules Cesar, par Shakspeare, et La 
Mort de Cesar, par Monsieur de Voltaire. Faite par Robert Miiller, Philos. 
Doctor. 12mo. sewed, pp. 20. 1864. Is. 

Miiller. — The Sacred Hymns of the Brahmins, as Preserved to us 

in the Oldest Collections of Religious Poetry, " The Rig Yeda-Sanhita." Trans- 
lated and Explained. By Max Miiller, M.A., Taylorian Professor of Modern 
European Languages in the University of Oxford, Fellow of All Souls College. 
In 8 vols. [Vol. I. in the press.] 

Miiller. — Outline Dictionary for the Use of Missionaries, Ex- 
plorers and Students of Language. With an Introduction on the proper Use of 
the Ordinary English Alphabet in transcribing Foreign Languages. By Max 
Miiller, M.A., Taylorian Professor in the University of Oxford. The Voca- 
bulary compiled by John Bellows. 12mo. morocco, pp. 368. 1867. 7s. 6d. 

Munch. — William and Bachael Russell; A Tragedy, in Five 
Acts. By Andreas Munch. Translated from the Norwegian, and Published 
under the Special Sanction of the Poet. By John Heyliger Burt. 12mo. pp. 
126. 1862. 3s. 6ci. 

Munchausen^ Baron. — The Travels and Surprising Adventures 

of. With Thirty original Illustrations (Ten full-page coloured plates and 
twenty woodcuts), by Alfred Crowquill. Crown 8vo. ornamental cover, richly- 
gilt front and back, pp. xii. and 194. 1859. 7s. 6^/. 

Munroe. — The Physiological Action oe Alcohol. A Lecture 
delivered at the Royal Institution, Hull. By Henry Munroe, M.D., F.L.S* 
8vo. sewed, pp. 35. 1865. 6d, 

Uahl. — Instructions in Gymnastics. By Arthur and Charles 

N'dhl. Illustrated with 53 plates. Containing several hundred figures, Designed 
and Engraved by the Authors, representing the various exercises on the ground, 
the Vaulting Horse, Parallel Bars, Horizontal Bars, Kings, etc., including con- 
struction oi Pyramids, Plan of Apparatus, etc. 4to. cloth, pp. 67. 1865. £1 Is. 



Publications oj Tr'dbner § Co. 65 

Nayler. — An Appeal from tlie Prejudices to the Judgments of 
the Thinking Inhabitants of Pembrokeshire on the Sabbath Question. By 
B. S. Nayler. Small 4to. sewed, pp. 64. 1859. Is. 

Neale. — My Comrade and my Colours; or, Men who know not 
when they are Beaten. By Kev. E. Neale. 12mo. sewed, pp. 135. 1854. Is. 

Neutrals and Belligerents. — The Eights of Neutrals and Belli- 
gerents, from a Modern Point of View. By a Civilian. 8vo. sewed, pp.41. 
1862. Is. 

Hew Universal Dictionary of the English, French, Italian, and 
German Languages, arranged after a new system. Small 8vo. cloth, pp. 
1200. 1865. 75. Gd. 

Newman — The Difficulties of Elementary Geometry, espe- 
cially those which concern the straight line, the plane, and the theory of 
parallels. By Francis William Newman, formerly Fellow of Balliol College, 
Oxford. 8vo. hoards, pp. viii. and 144. 1841. 5s. 

Newman. — On the Eelations of Free Knowledge to Moral 
Sentiment. A Lecture delivered in University College, London, on the 13th 
of October, 1847, as introductory to the Session of 1847-1848. By Francis 
"W. Newman, Professor of Latin, and formerly Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford. 
8vo. sewed, pp. 24. 1847. Is. 

Newman. — Lectures on Political Economy. By Francis William 
Newman. Post 8vo. cloth, pp. vi. and 342. 1851. 5s. 

"The most able and instructive book, which exhibits, we think, no less moral than econo- 
mical wisdom." — Prospective Review. 

Newman. — A Eeply to the Eclipse of Faith; being Chapter 
IX. of the Second Edition of the Phases of Faith. By F. W. Newman. Post 
8vo. sewed, pp. 28. 1853. M. 

Newman. — The Odes of Horace. Translated into Unrhynied 
Metres, with Introduction and Notes. By F. W. Newman, Professor of Latin, 
University College, London. Post 8vo. cloth, pp. xxi. and 247. 1853. 5s. 

Newman. — The Crimes of the House of Hapsbtjrg against its 
own Liege Subjects. By F. "W. Newman. 8vo. sewed, pp. 60. 1853. Is. 

Newman. — The Iliad of Homer, faithfully translated into TJn- 
rhymed Metre. By F. "W. Newman, Professor of Latin in University College, 
London. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. xxii. and 436. 1856. 6s. 6cl. 

Newman. — Theism, Doctrinal and Practical ; or, Didactic Reli- 
gious Utterances. By Francis W. Newman. 4to. cloth, pp. 184. 1858. 8s. 6d. 

Newman. — The Relations of Professional to Liberal Know- 
ledge. A Lecture delivered in University College, London, October 12, 1859. 
Introductory to the Session of the Faculty of Arts and Laws, 1859-1860. By 
Francis "W. Newman, Professor of Latin, and formerly Fellow of Balliol 
College, Oxford. 8vo. sewed, pp. 30. 1859. Is. 

Newman. — Homeric Translation in Theory and Practice. A 
Reply to Matthew Arnold, Esq., Professor of Poetry, Oxford. By Francis "W. 
Newman, a Translator of the Iliad. Crown 8vo. stiff covers, pp. 104. 1861. 
2s. M. 



66 Publications of Trubner §• Co. 

Newman. — Hiawatha: Bendered into Latin. "With. Abridgment. 
By Francis William Newman, Professor of Latin in University College, London. 
12mo. sewed, pp.vii. and 110. 1862. 2s. 6d. 

Newman. — The Soul : Her Sorrows and her Aspirations. An Essay 
towards the Natural History of the Soul, as the Basis of Theology. By Francis 
"William Newman, formerly Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford. New ed., post 
8vo. cloth, pp. xi. and 162. 1868. 3s. 6d. 

Newman. — A Discourse against Hero -making in Eeligion, 
delivered in South Place, Finsbury. By Francis "W. Newman. Printed by 
request, with enlargements. 8vo. sewed, pp. 30. 1864. Is. 

Newman. — Catholic Union : Essays towards a Church of the 
future, as the organization of Philanthropy. By F. "W. Newman. Post 8vo. 
cloth, pp. 113. 1864. 35. 6d. 

Newman. — -A History of the Hebrew Monarchy from the Ad- 
ministration of Samuel to the Babylonish Captivity. By Francis William 
Newman, formerly Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford, and Author of " The Soul ; 
its Sorrows and Aspirations," etc. Third edition, crown 8 vo. cloth, pp. x. and 
354. 1865. 8s. 6d, 

Newman.—PHASES of Faith ; or, Passages from the History of 

my Creed. New Edition ; with Reply to Professor Henry Rogers, Author of 
the " Eclipse of Faith." Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. 212. 1865. 3s. 6d. 

Newman. — English Institutions and their most Necessary 
Reforms. A Contribution of Thought. By Francis W. Newman. 8vo. pp. 
32. 1865. 6d. 

Newman. — The Permissive Bill more urgent than any Exten- 
sion of the Franchise. An Address at Ramsgate, February 17th, 1865. By 
F. "V7. Newman. 8vo. sewed, pp. 12. 1865. Id. 

Newman. — A Handbook of Modern Arabic : consisting of a 
Practical Grammar, with numerous examples, etc. By F. W. Newman. Crown 
8vo. cloth, pp. xxx. and 190. 1866. 6s. 

Newman. — On the Philosophical Classification of National 
Institutions. A Lecture delivered at the Bristol Institution for the Advance- 
ment of Science, Literature, and the Arts, March 4th, 1867. By F. W. Newman. 
Published by Request. 8vo. sewed, pp. 24. 1867. 6d. 

Newman. — The Text of the Iguvine Inscriptions. "With Inter- 
linear Latin Translation and Notes. By Francis W. Newman. 8vo. sewed, 
pp. 56. 1868. 2s. 

Newman. — Translations of English Poetry into Latin Verse. 
Designed as Part of a New Method of Instructing in Latin. By Francis "W. 
Newman, Emeritus Professor of University College, London, formerly Fellow 
of Balliol College, Oxford. In 1 crown 8vo. vol. cloth, pp. xiv. and 202. 1868. 6s. 

Newton. — The Operation of the Patent Laws, with Suggestions 
for their better Administration. By A. V. Newton. 8vo. sewed, pp. 31. 
1864. 6d. 

Nicholson. — E Pur si Mtjove. By N. A. Nicholson, M.A., Trinity 
CoUege, Oxford. 8vo. cloth, pp. 115. 1866. 2s. 6d. 



Publications of Triibner fy Co. 67 

Nicholson. — Oxe Eeserye or Maxy? Thoughts Suggested by 
the Crisis of 1866. By X. A. Nicholson, M.A., Trinity College, Oxford. Post 
8vo. sewed, pp. 21. 1867. f*. 

Nicholson. — The Controversy ox Free Baxkixg, being a few 
observations on an Article in " Fraser's Magazine," January, 1868. By IN". A. 
Nicholson, M.A., Trinity College, Oxford. 8vo. sewed, pp. 32. 1868. 1*. 

fficholson. — Observations ox Coinage, Seigxorage, etc., etc. 
By X. A. Nicholson, II. A., Trinity College, Oxford. 8vo. sewed, pp. 22. 1868. 
Is. 

Norton. — A Treatise ox Astroxomy, Spherical axd Physical; 
with Astronomical Problems, and Solar, Lnnar, and other Astronomical Tables, 
for the use of Colleges, and Scientific Schools. By William A. Norton, M.A., 
Professor of Civil Engineering in Yale College. Fourth Edition. Revised, 
remodelled, and enlarged. 8vo. cloth, pp. 574. With numerous plates. 
1867. los. 

Notes and Queries ox Chixa axd Japax. Edited by N. B. Dennys. 

Tol. I. January to December, 1867. Royal 8vo., double columns, pp. 186, 
sewed. £1 Is. 

Nott. — Lectures ox Biblical Temperance. By Eliphalet Nott, 
D.D. With an Introduction. By Taylor Lewis, LL.D. Post 8yo. cloth, pp. 
268. 1863. 6s. 

Ditto. Ditto, sewed. 1863. Is. 

Nott and Gliddon. — Types of Maxkixd ; or, Ethnological Ee- 
searches based upon the Ancient Monuments, Paintings, Sculptures, and Crania 
of Baces, and upon their Natural, Geographical, Philological, and Biblical 
History. By J. C. Nott, M.D., Mobile, Alabama ; and Geo. B. Gliddon, formerly 
U.S. Consul at Cairo. Plates. Royal 8vo. cloth, pp. 738. 1854. £1 os. 

Nott and Gliddon. — The Same, in 4to. £1 165. 

Nott and Gliddon. — Indigenous Races oe the Earth : or, New 

Chapters of Ethnological Inquiry : including Monographs on Special Departments 
of Philology, Iconography, Cranioscopy, Palaeontology, Pathology, Archaeology, 
Comparative Geography, and Natural History, contributed by Alfred Maury, 
Francis Pulszky, and J. Aitken Meigs, M.D. ; presenting Fresh Investigations, 
Documents, and Materials, by J. C. Nott, M.D., and Geo. E. Gliddon. Plates 
and Maps. 4to. pp. 656, sewed. 1857. £1 16s. 

Nott and Gliddon.— The same, royal 8vo. £l 5s. 

Nouyelles Plaisaxtes Becherches d'un Homme Grave sur 
quelques Farceurs. 8vo. pp. 53. 1863. 10s. 6d. 

Noyalis. — Christianity oe Europe. By Novalis (Frederick Von 
Hardenberg). Translated from the German by the Rev. John Dal ton. Post 8vo. 
cloth, pp. 34. 1844. Is. 

Agent's Improved French axd English axd Exglish axd French 
Pocket Dictionary. Par Smith. 24mo. cloth, pp. 489 and 320. 1867. 3s. 

Uystrtim. — Pocket Book of Mechanics axd Engineering, con- 
taining a Memorandum of Tacts and Connection of Practice and Theory. By 
John W. Xystrom, C.E. 10th Edition, pp. 326. Revised with additional matter. 
12mo. roan with tuck. 1867. 7*. 6£ 



68 Publications of Trubner §• Co. 

OelllSClllager'S GrERMAN-ENGLISH AND ENGLISH-GrERMAN Pocket Pro- 
nouncing Dictionary. New edition, 24mo. strongly bound in cloth. 45. 

Ogareff. — Essai sur la Situation Kusse. Lettres a un Anglais. 
Par N. Ogareff. 12mo. sewed, pp. 150. 1862. 35. 

Oliver.— -A Translation of the Syriac Peshito Version of the 
Psalms of David, with notes, critical and explanatory. By the Rev. Andrew 
Oliver, M.A. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. xiv. and 332. 1861. 7*. 6d-. 

Ollendorff. — Metodo para aprendtj a leer, escribir y hablar el 
Ingles segun el sistema de Ollendorff. Por Ramon Palenzuela y Juan de la 
Carre no. 8vo. cloth, pp. xlvi. and 460. 1867. 7s. Qd. 
Key to ditto. 12mo. cloth, pp. 111. 1863. 5*. 

Omnibus, The. — A Satire. Crown 8vo. limp cloth, pp. 44. 1865. 

2s. 6d, 

O'Neill. — The Pine Arts and Civilization of Ancient Ireland, 

illustrated with chroino and other lithographs, and several woodcuts. By Henry 
O'Neill, author of the work on '• The most interesting of the Sculptured Crosses 
of Ancient Ireland." 4to. pp. vi. and 118, cloth. 1863. 15s. 

Oriental Text Society Publications. 

1. Theophania, or Divine Manifestations of our Lord and Saviour. By 

Eusebius, Bishop of Caesarea, Syriac. Edited by Professor S. Lee. 8vo. 
1842. 15s. 

2. Athanasixis' Festal Letters, discovered in an ancient Syriac version. 

Edited by the Rev. W. Cureton. 8vo. 1848. 15s. 

3. Shahrastani : Book of Religious and Philosophical Sects, in Arabic. Two 

parts. 8vo. 1842. 30s. 

4. Umdat Akidat ahl al Sunnat wa al Tamaat; Pillar of the Creed of the 

Sunnites. Edited in Arabic by the Rev. "W. Cureton. 8vo. 1843. 5s. 

5. History of the Almohades. Edited in Arabic by Dr. R. P. A. Dozy. 

8vo. 1847. 10s. 6d. 

6. Sama Veda. Edited in Sanskrit by the Rev. G. Stevenson. 8vo. 1843. 

12s. 

7. Das a Kumara Charita. Edited in Sanskrit by Professor H. H. "Wilson. 

8vo. 1846. 15s. 

8. Maha Vira Charita, or a History of Rama. A Sanskrit Play. Edited by 

F. H. Trithen. 8vo. 1848. 15s. 

9. Makhzan ul Asrar ; the Treasury of Secrets. By Nizarai. Edited in 

Persian by N. Bland. 4to. 1844. 10s. M, 

10. Salaman-u-Ubsal ; a Romance of Jami (Dshami). Edited in Persian by 

F. Falconer. 4to. 1843. 10s. 

11. Mirkhoxd's History of the Atabeks. Edited in Persian by W. EL 

Morley. 8vo. 1850. 12s. 

12. Tuhfat-ul-Ahrar ; the Gift of the Noble. A Poem by Jami (Dshami). 

Edited in Persian by F. Falconer. 4to. 1843. 10s. 

Oswald. — Austria in 1868. By Eugene Oswald. Eeprinted from 
the " English Leader." 8vo. sewed, pp. 40. 1868. Is. 

Orthodox Catholic Review (The). Edited by Professor J. J. Overbeck. 
Vol. 1. 8vo. cloth, pp. iv. and 290. 1868. 7s. 6d. 



Publications of Trubner <Sf Co. 69 

Osburn. — The Monumental History of Egypt, as recorded on 

the Ruins of her Temples, Palaces, and Tombs. By "William Osburn, F.S.L. 
Illustrated with Maps, Plates, etc. 2 vols. 8vo. cloth, pp. xii. and 461 ; vii. and 
643. 1854, £2 2s. 

Vol. I. From the Colonization of the Valley to the Visit of the Patriarch Abram. 
Vol. II. From the Visit of Abram to the Exodus. 

Ott. — - The Art of Manufacturing Soap and Candles, including 
the most recent discoveries, embracing all kinds of ordinary Hard, Soft, and 
Toilet Soaps, especially those made by the Cold Process, the modes of detecting 
frauds, and the making of Tallow and Composite Candles. By Adolph Ott, 
Ph. D., Practical and Analytical Chemist. 8vo. cloth, pp. xxi. and 193. 1867. 
105. 6d. 

Our North-West Frontier. With Map. 8vo. sewed, pp. 20. 

1856. Is. 

Our Besources. A Series of Articles on the Financial and 

Political Condition of the United States. 8vo. sewed, pp. 32. 1864. Is. 

OverbecL — Catholic Orthodoxy and Anglo-Catholicism. A 
Word about the Intercommunion between the English and Orthodox Churches. 
By J. J. Overbeck, D.D. 8yo. cloth, pp. viii. and 200. 1866. 5s. 

Overman. — Mechanics for the Millwright, Machinist, Engineer, 
Ciyil Engineer, Architect, and Student ; containing a clear elementary 
exposition of the Principles and Practice of Building Machines. By Frederick 
Overman, Author of " The Manufacture of Iron," and other scientific treatises. 
Illustrated by 154 fine Wood Engravings by William Gihon. Post 8vo. cloth, 
pp. 420. 1864. 75. 

Overman. — Practical Mineralogy, Assaying and Mining, with a 

Description of the useful Minerals, and instructions for Essaying and Mining 
according to the simplest methods. By Frederick Overman, mining engineer, 
Author of " Manufacture of Iron," and other works of applied sciences. Fifth 
Edition. Post 8vo. cloth, pp. 230. 1862. 4s. 6d. 

Overman. — The Manufacture of Steel ; containing the Practice 
and Principles of working and making Steel. A hand-book for blacksmiths and 
workers in steel and iron, wagon-makers, die-sinkers, cutlers, and manufacturers 
of files and hardware, of steel and iron, and for men of science and art. By 
Frederick Overman, Mining Engineer; Author of the "Manufacture of Iron,'' 
etc. Post 8vo. cloth, pp. 226. 1860. 45. 6d. 

Overman. — The Moulder's and Pounder's Pocket Guide. A 
Treatise on moulding and founding in green-sand, dry-sand, loam, and 
cement; the moulding of machine frames, mill-gear, hollow ware, ornaments, 
trinkets, bells, and statues ; description of moulds for iron, bronze, brass, and 
other metals ; plaster of Paris, sulphur, wax, and other articles commonly used 
in casting ; the construction of melting furnaces, the melting and foundering 
of metals ; the composition of alloys and their nature. With an Appendix, con- 
taining receipts for alloys, bronze, varnishes and colours for castings, also tables on 
the strength and other qualities of cast metals. By Frederick Overman, Mining 
Engineer ; Author of " The Manufacture of Iron," " a Treatise on Steel," etc., 
etc. With 42 Wood Engravings. Post 8vo. cloth, pp. 252. 1866. 45. 6d. 

Owen. — Footfalls on the Boundary of Another World. An 
enlarged English Copyright Edition. Ten editions of this work have been sold 
within a very short time in America. In the present edition, the author has 
introduced a considerable quantity of new matter. Post 8vo. cloth, pp. xx. and 
392. 1861. 75. 6d. 



70 Publications of Tritbner fy Co. 

Owlglass (Master Tyll), — The Marvellous Adventures and Eare 
Conceits Of. Edited, with an Introduction, and a Critical and Bibliographical 
Appendix. By Kenneth R. H. Mackenzie, F.S.A., with six coloured full-page 
Illustrations, and twenty-six Woodcuts, from original designs by Alfred Crowquill. 
Cloth gilt, pp. xix. and 255. 1860. 10s. 6cl. 

Oyster (The) : Where, How, and When to Find, Breed, Cook, 
and Eat It. Second Edition, with a new chapter, * The Oyster-Seeker in 
London.' 12mo. boards, pp. viii. and 106. 1863. Is. 

Page. — La Plata, the Argentine Confederation and Paraguay. 
Being a Narrative of the Exploration of the Tributaries of the River La Plata 
and adjacent countries during the years 1853, 1854, 1855, and 1856, under the 
orders of the United States Government. By Thomas J. Page, U. S. N. Com- 
mander of the Expedition. "With Map and numerous Engravings. New Edition. 
8vo. cloth, pp. 632. £1 Is. 

Palmer. — Egyptian Chronicles, with a Harmony of Sacred and 

Egyptian Chronology, and an Appendix on Babylonian and Assyrian Antiquities. 
By William Palmer, M.A., and late Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. 2 vols. 
• 8vo. cloth, pp. lxxiv. 428, viii. and 636. 1861. 12s. 

Palmerston. — Lord Palmerston. By E. H. Reprinted from the 
Westminster Review for January, 1866. 8vo. sewed, pp. 36. 1866. Is. 

Pandit (The). — A Monthly Journal oe Benares College., 

devoted to Sanskrit Literature. Yol. 1. Nos. 1 to 24, November, 1866, to 

May, 1868. Folio sewed, pp. 184. £2 85. 

The object of the Pandit is to publish, rare Sanskrit works which appear worthy of careful 
editing hereafter ; to offer a field for the discussion of controverted points in Old Indian 
Philosophy, Philology, History, and Literature; to communicate ideas between the Aryan 
scholars of the East and of the West ; between the Pandits of Benares and Calcutta and the. 
Sanskritists of the Universities of Europe. 

The Journal, which will be enlarged as soon as the subscriptions cover the actual expenses 
of publication, will contain also Original Articles in Sanskrit and English, Critical Notices of 
new Sanskrit Books, and Translations from and into Sanskrit. 

Annual subscription, 245. Intending subscribers are requested to address the European 
Publishers. 

Papers on Picture Flaying at the National Gallery. Re- 
printed from the Weekly Despatch. By an Artist. Post 8vo. sewed, pp. 44. 
1867. fa. 

Parker. — The Public Function oe Woman. A Sermon preached 
at the Music Hall, March 27, 1853. By Theodore Parker. Post 8vo. sewed. 
1855. Is. 

Parker. — The Collected Works of Theodore Parker, Minister 
of the Twenty-Eighth Congregational Society at Boston, U.S. Containing his 
Theological, Polemical, and Critical "Writings ; Sermons, Speeches, and Addresses ; 
and Literary Miscellanies. Edited hy Frances Power Cobbe. In 12 vols. 8vo., 
1863 to 1865. 

Vol. I. Containing Discourses on Matters pertaining to Religion ; with Preface by th 
Editor, and a Portrait of Parker, from a medallion by Saulini. Cloth, 
pp. 380. 65. 

Vol. II. Containing Ten Sermons and Prayers. Cloth, pp. 360. 6s. 
Vol. HI. Containing Discourses of Religion, Cloth, pp. 318. 6s. 
Vol. IV. Containing Discourses on Politics. Cloth, pp. 312. 65. 

Vol. V. Containing Discourses of Slavery, Vol. I. Cloth, pp. 336. 6s. 

Vol. VI. Containing Discourses of Slavery, Vol. II. Cloth, pp. 323. 6s. 
Vol. VII. Containing Discourses of Social Science. Cloth, pp. 296. 65. 
Vol. VIII. Contains Miscellaneous Discourses. Cloth, pp. 230. 6s. 
Vol. IX. Containing Critical Writings, Vol. I. Cloth, pp. 292. 6s. 

Vol. X. Containing Critical Writings, Vol. II. Cloth, pp. 308. 6s. 

Vol. XI. Containing Sermons of Theism, Atheism, and Popular Theology. Cloth, 
pp. 257. 6s. 
Vol. XII. Autobiographical and Miscellaneous pieces. Cloth, pp. 356. 6s. 



Publications of Trubner &f Co. 71 

Parker. — Lessors erom the World oe Matter and the World 

of Man ; being Selections from the unpublished Sermons of Theodore Parker. 
By Rufus Leighton, and Edited by Frances Power Cobbe. Post 8vo. cloth, 
pp. xix. and 332. I860. 7s. 6d. 

Parker. — The Critical Writings oe Theodore Parker. Edited 
by Frances Power Cobbe. 2 vols. 8vo., cloth, pp. 600. 1864-5. 125. 

Parrish. — A Treatise ox Pharmacy ; designed as a Text Book 
for the Student, and as a Guide to the Physician and Pharmaceutist. Con- 
taining the official and many unofficial formulas, and many examples of extem- 
poraneous prescriptions. By Edward Parrish, Professor of Materia Medica in 
the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. Third Edition, revised with important 
additions. 238 Illustrations. 8vo. cloth, pp. 850. £1 4s. 

Partnership, with Limited Liability. Keprinted, with additions, 
from the Westminster Review. New Series, No. 8, October, 1853. Post 8vo., 
sewed, pp. 63. 1854. Is. 

Partridge. — The Makixg oe the American" Nation ; or, the Rise 
and Decline of Oligarchy in the "West. Showing how the American Nation and 
Democracy have been made, and what they are, with considerations on their 
tendency and destiny. 8vo. cloth, pp. xxxvii. and 523. 1866. 16<y. 

Partridge. — On Democracy. By J. Arthur Partridge. 8yo. cloth, 
pp. 418. 1866. 10*. 

Parvula ; or a Few Little Bhymes about a Few Little Flowers, 
a Few Little Birds, and a Few Little Girls ; to which are added a Few 
Little Songs, and a Few other Little Things, by Minimus. 18mo. cloth, pp. 192. 
1864. 5s. 

Patell. — Cowasjee Patell' s Chronology, containing corres- 
ponding dates of the different eras used by Christians, Jews. Greeks, Hindus, 
Mohamedans, Parsees, Chinese, Japanese, etc. By Cowasjee Sorabjee Patell. 
4to. cloth, pp. viii. and 183. 1866. £2 10s. 

Paterson. — Treatise ox Military Drawing. With a Course of 
25 Progressive Plates. By Captain "W. Paterson, Professor of Military Drawing 
at the Eoyal Military College, Sandhurst. Oblong 4to. cloth, pp. xii. and 31. 
1862. £1 Is. 

Paton. — Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic ; or, Con- 
tributions to the Modern History of Hungary and Transylvania, Dalmatia, and 
Croatia, Servia and Bulgaria. By A. A. Paton, F.R.G.S. In 2 vols. 12mo.. 
cloth, pp. 830. 1861. 12.5. 

Paton. — A History oe the Egyptian Revolution, from I the 
Period of the Mamelukes to the Death of Mohammed ALL ; from Arab and European 
Memoirs, Oral Tradition, and Local Besearch. By A. A. Paton, F.R.G.S., 
Author of " Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic." 2 vols. 8vo. clcth. 
pp. xii., 395, and viii. 352. 1863. £1 4*. 

Paton. — Sketches oe the Ugly Side oe Human Nature, By A, 
A. Paton. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp.302. 1868. 7s. 6d. 



72 Publications of Trilbner §* Co. 

Percy. — Bishop Percy's Folio Manuscript — Ballads and 
Romances. Edited by John W. Hales, M.A., Fellow and late Assistant Tutor 
of Christ's College, Cambridge ; and Frederick J. Furnivall, M.A., of Trinity- 
Hall, Cambridge; assisted by Professor Child, of Harvard University, U.S.A., 
W. Chappell, Esq., etc. In 3 vols. Vol. 1, pp. 610. Vol. 2, pp. 681. Vol. 3, 
pp. 640. Demy 8vo., half-bound, £2 2s. Extra demy 8vo., half-bound, on 
Whatman's ribbed paper, £3 15s. Extra royal 8vo., paper covers, on Whatman's 
best ribbed paper, £5 5s. Large 4to., paper covers, on Whatman's best ribbed 
paper, £10 10s. 

Perrin. — An English-Zulu Dictionary. By J. Perrin. New 
Edition, revised by J. A. Brickhiel, Interpreter to the Supreme Court of Natal. 
16mo. cloth, pp. 226. Pietermaritzburg. 1865. 5s. 

Petofl. — Poems, Selected from the Works of the Great Hungarian 
Bard, Alexander Petofi. Translated from the Magyar, with a Biographical 
and Critical Introduction by Sir John Bowring, K.C.B., LL.D., etc., etc. Fcap. 
8vo. cloth, pp. viii. and 239. 1866. 5s. 

Petruccelli. — Preliminaires de la Question Eomaine de M. 
Ed. About. Par F. Petruccelli de laGattina. 8vo. cloth, pp. xv. and 364. 1860. 

7s. 6d. 

Petzholdt. — Bibliotheca Bibliographica. Kritisches Verzeichniss 
der das Gesammtgebiet der Bibliographie betreffenden Litteratur des In-und 
Auslandes. In Systematischer Ordnung bearbeitet von Dr. Julius Petzholdt. Mit 
Alphabetischem Namen-und Sachregister. Royal 8vo., paper covers, pp. 939. 
1866. 125. 

Philological Society. — Proposals for the Publication of a New 
English- Dictionary. 8vo. sewed, pp. 32. 1859. 6d. 

Pick. — A New Method oe Studying Foreign Languages. By 
Dr. Edward Pick. The French Language, Part 1, the Genders and Irregular 
Yerbs. Part 2, New Method of Studying the Language. 12mo. cloth, pp. viii. 
and 212. 1863. 3s. 6d. 

Pick. — On Memory and the Eational Means of Improving It. 

By Dr. Edward Pick. Fourth Edition, with new Applications to the Study of 
the French and German Languages. Eoyal 18mo. cloth, pp. vi. and 20. 1866. 
3s. 6d. 

Pick. — On Memory. By Dr. Edward Pick. A Condensed Edition. 
Royal 18mo. limp, pp. 140. 1866. is. Qd, 

Pickering. — The Geographical Distribution of Animals and 
Plants. By Charles Pickering, M.D. 4to. cloth, pp. 214. 1864. 15s. 

Picture Flaying (Papers on) at the National Gallery. Eeprinted 
from the Weekly Dispatch. By an Artist. 8vo. sewed, pp. 44. 1867. Is. 

Piggot. — Chemistry and Metallurgy, as applied to the study and 
practice of Dental Surgery. By A. Snowden Piggot, M.D., late Professor of 
Anatomy and Physiology in the Washington University of Baltimore. With 
numerous Illustrations. 8vo. cloth, pp. 516. 1854. 18s. 

Piggot. — The Chemistry and Metallurgy of Copper, including 
a description of the principal Copper Mines of the United States and other 
countries, the art of mining and preparing ores for market, and the various 
processes of Copper Smelting, etc. By A. Snowden Piggot, M.D., Analytical 
and Consulting Chemist. With Illustrations. Post 8vo. cloth, pp. 388. 1858. 
Is. M. 



Publications of Trubner fy Co. 73 

Pilgrims of Fasllioil. — A Novel. By B. C. 8vo. pp. xvi. and 338. 

Cloth. 1862. 165. 

Km. — The Negro and Jamaica. By Commander Bedford Pirn, 
E.N. Read before the Anthropological Society of London, February 1st, 1866, 
at St. James's Hall. Post 8yo. sewed, pp. yii. and 32. 1866. Is. 

Firazzi. — L'Angleterre et l'Allemagne a propos du Schleswig- 
Holstein. Par Emile Pirazzi. Memoire envoye a plusieurs membres du parle- 
ment Anglais et suivi d' un article a l'adresse du Times. 8yo. sewed, pp. 180. 
1865. 2s. 6d. 

Plain Papers. — By Pikestaff. Vol. I. 12mo. cloth, pp. vii. and 

144. 1866. Is. 

Plumb-Line (The); or the True System of the Interpretation 

of Scripture. Also Queries on the Foregoing Subjects. 8to. sewed, pp. iv. 
and 63. 1861. Is. 

Poe. — The "Works of Edgar Allan Poe. In 4 vols., crown 8vo. 
cloth. Vol. 1, pp. Iv. and 483. Vol. 2, pp. xxvi. and 495. Vol. 3, pp. 607. 
Vol. 4, pp. 447. 1866. £1 12*. 

Policy of the Danish Government and the " Misunderstand- 
ings." A Key to the Budget Dispute. 8yo. sewed, pp. 74. 1861. Is. 

Political (The). — Problem of the Day. Mr. Gladstone the Man 
to Solve It. 8yo. sewed, pp. 21. 1865. Is. 

Ponsard. — Charlotte Corday. A Tragedy. By P. Ponsard. 

Edited with English Notes and Notice on Ponsard, by Professor C. Cassal, LL.D., 
of University College, London. 12rno. cloth, pp. xi. and 133. 1867. 2s. 6d. 

Popes' Eights and Wrongs. An Historical Sketch.. 12mo. cloth, 

pp. xiv. and 97. 1860. 2s 6d. 
Popes (The). — Their Temporal Dominion and Infallibility. An 

Argument between a Lady and an Italian. 12mo. sewed, pp. 8. 2d. 

Porcari. — The Senate of Pome and the Pope. S. P. Q. E. By 

Stephano Porcari. 8vo. sewed, pp. 30. 1867. 

Powell. — A Working Man's View of Tennyson's " Enoch Arden." 

By J. II. Powell. 12mo. sewed, pp. 29. 1866. 6d. 
Powell. — Life Incidents and Poetic Pictures. By J. H. Powell. 

Post 8vo. cloth, pp. iv. and 264. 1865. 5s. 

Preaching Suited to the Times. A Charge from Utopia. 16mo. 
sewed, pp. 39. 1865. Is. 

Preciosa ; A Tale. Pcap. 8vo. cloth, pp. 326. 1852. 7s. 6cl. 

Prescott. — Life of William Hickling Prescott. By George 
Ticknor. 4to., pp. x. and 492. Printed on Toned Paper. With Portrait and 
Illustrations. Ornamental Binding, uncut. Gilt top. 1864. £1 16s. 

Prescott. — Sir Eohan's Ghost. A Eomance. By Miss Prescott, 
Crown Svo. cloth, pp. x. and 352. 1860. 5s. 

Prescott. — History, Theory, and Practice of the Electric 
Telegraph. By George B. Prescott, Superintendent of Electric Telegraph 
Lines. Post 8vo. cloth, pp. xii. and 468. 1860. 10s. 6d. 



74 Publications of Trubner §• Co. 

Priaulx. — Questions Mosaics, or the First Part of the Book 
of Genesis, compared with the Bemains of Ancient Beligions. ~By Osmond de 
Beauvoir Priaulx. Second Edition, corrected and enlarged. 8vo. cloth, pp. viL 
and 548. 1854. 125. 

Pritchard. — Admiralty Digest. A Digest of the Law and 

Practice of the High Court of Admiralty of England, with Notes from Text 
"Writers, and the Scotch, Irish, and American Eeports. By William Tarn 
Pritchard, Proctor in Doctors Commons. Second edition, omitting Prize and 
Slave Cases. By Robert A. Pritchard, D.C.L., of the Inner Temple, Barrister- 
at-Law, and William Tarn Pritchard. With Notes of Cases from French 
Maritime Law. By Algernon Jones, Avocat a la Cour Imperiale de Paris, in 
2 vols. roy. 8vo. 1865. £3. 

Probyil. — Essays on Italy, Ireland, and the United States of 
America. By John W. Probyn, Esq. 1 vol., crown 8vo. [In the press. 

Plllszky. — Three Christmas Plays for Children. The Sleeper 
awakened. The Wonderful Bird. Crinolina. By Theresa Pulszky. With 
Music by Professor L. Jansa, and Illustrations by Charles Armytage. Square 
12mo. pp. 130, cloth. 1859. 3s. 6d. 

Quentin. — An Account of Paraguay. Its History, its People, and 
its Government. From the French of M. Ch. Quentin. 8vo. sewed, pp. 90. 
1865. is. 

Quill et. — Ultramontism ; or, The Roman Church and Modern 
Society. By E. Quinet, of the College of France. Translated from the French 
(Third edition), with the Author's approbation. By C. Cocks, B.L. Post 8vo. 
pp. ix. and 184, cloth. 1845. 5s. 

Raja-Mti. — A Collection of Hindu Apologues, in the Braj 
Bha'sha' Language. Bevised Edition. "With a Preface, Notes, and supple- 
mentary glossary. By Fitzedward Hall, Esq. 8vo. cloth, pp. 204. 1854. 
£1 Is. 

Ram Raz. — Essay on the Architecture of the Hindus. By 
Bam Baz, Native Judge and Magistrate of Bangalore, Corresponding Member of 
the B.A.S. of Great Britain and Ireland. With 48 Plates. 4to., pp. xiv. and 
64, sewed. 1834. Original selling price, £1 lis. 6d., reduced (for a short time 
only) to 12s. 

Randall. — Fine Wool Sheep Husbandry. By Henry S. Eandall, 
LL.D. Bead before the New York State Agricultural Society, February 12, 
1862. With an Appendix, containing valuable statistics in reference to wool 
culture, imports, prices of fine 1840 wool from to August 1, 1863, etc. Small 
8vo. cloth, pp. 190. 5s. 

Randall. — The Practical Shepherd. A Complete Treatise on 
the Breeding, Management, and Diseases of Sheep. By Henry S. Randall, LL.D. 
With Illustrations. 8vo. cloth, pp. ix. and 454. 1864. 10s. 6d. 

Rask. — Grammar of the Anglo-Saxon Tongue, from the Danish 
of Erasmus Bask. By Benjamin Thorpe. Second edition, corrected and 
improved, with Plate. Post 8vo. cloth, pp. vi. and 191. 1865. 5s. 6d. 

Rask. — A Short Tractate on the Longevity ascribed to the 
Patriarchs in the Book of Genesis, and its relation to the Hebrew Chronology ; 
the Flood, the Exodus of the Israelites, the Site of Eden, etc. From the Danish 
of the late Professor Bask ; with his manuscript corrections, and large additions 
from his autograph, now for the first time printed. With a' Map of Paradise and 
the circumjacent Lands. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. 134. 1863. 2s. Gd. 



Publications of Trilbner fy Co. 75 

Ravenstein. — The Bussiajs-s on the Amur; its Discovery, Con- 
quest, and Colonization, with a Description of the Country, its Inhabitants, Pro- 
ductions, and Commercial Capabilities, and Personal Accounts of Russian 
Travellers. By E. G. Ravenstein, F.B.G.S., Correspondent F.G.S. Frankfurt, 
with an Appendix on the Navigation of the Gulf of the Amur. By Captain 
Prutz. In one volume, 8vo., 500 pp. of Letter Press, 4 tinted Lithographs, and 
3 Maps, cloth. 1861. 15*. 

Rayenstein and Hulley. — The Gymnasium and its Fittings. By 
E. G. Ravenstein and John Hullev. With 14 Plates of Illustrations. 8vo. sewed r 
pp. 32. 1867. 2s. 6d. 

Rayenstein and Hulley. — A Hand-book of Gymnastics and 
Athletics. By E. G. Ravenstein, F.R.G.S., etc., President of the German 
Gymnastic Society, London, and John Hulley, Gynmasiarch of Liverpool. With 
numerous Woodcut Illustrations from original designs. 8vo. cloth, pp. viii. and 
408. 1867. 8s. M. 

"Rawlinson. — A Commentary on the Cuneiform Inscriptions of 
Babylonia and Assyria, including Readings of the Inscription on the XinirucL 
Obelisk, and a brief Notice of the ancient Kings of Nineveh and Babylon. Bead 
before the Boyal Asiatic Society, by Major H. C. Bawlinson. 8vo. pp. 84, sewed. 
London, 1850. 2s. M. 

Rawlinson. — Outlines of Assyrian History, from the Inscrip- 
tions of Nineveh. By Lieut. -Colonel Bawlinson, C.B., followed by some 
Bemarks, by A. H. Layard, Esq., D.C.L. 8vo. pp. xliv., sewed. 1852. 
Is. 

Read. — Poems. By Thomas Buchanan Bead. Illustrated by 
Kenny Meadows. 12mo. cloth, pp. vii. and 275. 1852. 6s. 

Reade — White Lies ; a Story. By Charles Reade . In 3 volumes, 
8yo., Vol. I., pp. 300 ; Vol. II., pp. 238 ; Vol. III., pp. 232. 1857. £1 Is. 

Reade. — Cream. Contains "Jack of all Trades;" "A Matter- 
of-Fact Bomance," and "The Autobiography of a Thief." By Charles Beade* 
8vo. pp. 270. 1858. 105. 6d. 

Reade. — Love me Little, Loye me Long. By Charles Eeade. 
In 2 vols, post 8vo. Vol. I. pp. 390 ; Vol. II., pp. 35. 8vo. cloth. 1859. 21s. 

Eeade. — The Eighth Commandment. By Charles Eeade. 8vo. r 
pp. 380. 1860. 14s. 

Reade. — The Cloister and the Hearth ; a Tale of the Middle 
Ages. By Charles Beade. In four volumes. Third edition. Vol. I. r 
pp. 360; Vol. II., pp. 376; Vol. III., pp. 328; Vol. IV, pp. 435. 1861. 
£1 lis. 6d. 

The Same. Fourth edition. In 3 vols. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. 328, 39I y 
338. 1862. 15s. 

Reform. — Letter to the Eight Honourable the Earl of Derby, on 
Political Beform. By One of the People. Post 8vo. sewed, pp. 46. 1867. 
Is. 



76 Publications of Trilbner § Co. 

Eeiff. — English-Eussian Grammar ; or, Principles of the Eussian 
Language for the Use of the English. "With Synoptical Tables for the Declen- 
sions and Conjugations, Graduated Themes or Exercises for the Application of 
the Grammatical Rules, the Correct Construction of these Exercises, and the 
Accentuation of all the Eussian Words. By Charles Philip Eeiff. Third 
edition, carefully revised. 8vo. sewed, pp. viii. and 191. 1862. 6s. 

Eeiff. — Little Manual of the Eussian Language. By Ch. 
Ph. Eeiff. 12mo. sewed, pp. 80. 1863. 2s. 6d. 

Eenan. — An Essay on the Age and Antiquity of the Book of 
Nabathsean Agriculture. To which is added, an Inaugural Lecture on the 
Position of the Shemitic Nations in the History of Civilization. By M. Ernest 
Eenan, Membre de l'lnstitut. In 1 Vol., crown 8vo. cloth, pp. xvi. and 148. 
1862. 3s. 6d. 

Renan." — The Life of Jesus. By Ernest Eenan. Authorised 

English Translation. 8vo. cloth, pp.xii. and 311. 1864. 10s. 6d. 
Ditto. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. xii. and 311. I860. 2s. 6d. 
Ditto. Crown 8vo. paper, pp. xii. and 311. New edition. 1867. Is. 6d. 

Eeport of the Committee Appointed by the Conference of 
Members of the Reform League and Others, on Mr. Hare's Scheme of 
Representation, held at their Rooms, on 28th February, and 7th and 21st March, 
1868. 8vo. Is. 

Eeport of the Sub-Committee of the Newcastle-on-Tyne Associa- 
tion for watching the war limitation of the supply of grain by the past action 
of British Diplomacy. 8vo. sewed, pp. 24. 1855. Is. 

Revised Army Eegulations. — Vol. I. Eoyal Warrant for the Pay 
and Promotion, Non-Effective, Pay and Allowances of Majesty's British Forces 
serving elsewhere than in India. To which are added Instructions to Command- 
ing and Financial Officers. Part I. Pay dated February 3rd, 1866. 8vo. sewed, 
pp. 182. 1866. Is. 

Revolt (The) of Eeason against the Eeyealed. In One Volume, 
8vo. (Shortly). 

Reynard the Fox ; after the German Version of Gothe. By Thomas 

J. Arnold, Esq. 

" Fair jester's humour and ready wit 
Never offend, though smartly they hit." 

With Seventy Illustrations, after the designs of Wilhelm Yon Kaulbach. Eoyal 
8vo. pp. vi. 226. Printed by Clay, on toned paper, and elegantly bound in em- 
bossed cloth, with appropriate design after Kaulbach ; richly tooled front and 
back. Price 16s. Best full morocco, same pattern. Price 24s. ; or, neatly 
half-bound morocco, gilt top, uncut edges, Roxburgh style. 1860. Price 18s. 

Eichard Cobden, Roi des Belges. Par un Ex-Colonel de la Garde 
Civique. Dedie aux blesses de Septembre. Deuxieme edition. Crown 8vo. 
sewed, pp. 64. 1863. 2s. 6d. 

Eichter. — Titan- ; A Eomance. From the German of Jean Panl 
Friedrich Richter. Translated by Charles T. Brooks. 2 vols. 12mo. cloth 
pp. xv., 522, and v. 521. 1863. 18s. 



Publications of Triibner ^ Co. 77 

Richter. — Flower, Fruit, and Thorn Pieces ; or, the Married 
Life, Death, and Wedding of the Advocate of the Poor, Firmian Stanislaus 
Siebenkas. By Jean Paul Friedrich Eichter. Translated from the German, by 
Edward Henry Noel. With a Memoir of the Author. By Thomas Carlyle. In 
two Yolumes. 12mo. cloth, pp. yiii. 361, and v. 345. 1863. 21s. 

Richter. — Leyana; or, the Doctrine of Education. Translated 
from the German of Jean Paul Friedrich Eichter. 12mo. cloth, pp. xvii and 
400. 1864. 10s. 

Richter. — Liee of Jean Paul Friedrich Eichter, compiled from 
various sources. Preceded by his Autobiography. By Eliza Buckminster Lee. 
12mo. cloth, pp. xvi. and 539. 1864. 7s. 6d. 

Richter. — Hesperus ; or, Forty-Five Dog-Post Days. A Biography, 
from the German of Jean Paul Friedrich Eichter. Translated by Charles T . 
Brooks. 2 vols. 12mo. cloth, pp. xxviii. 498, and v. 478. 1865. 21s. 

RiddelL — The Carpenter and Joiner, and Elements oe Hand- 
railing. By Eobert Eiddell. With 32 Plates. Folio cloth, pp. 26. 1868. 
£1 Is. 

Rights (The) of Neutrals and Belligerents. From a modern 
point of view. By a Civilian. 8vo. sewed, pp. 42. 1862. Is. 

Rig-Yeda-Sanhita (The). The Sacred Hymns op the Brahmins, 
as preserved to us in the oldest collection of Eeligious Poetry. The Big-Yeda- 
Sanhita, translated and explained. By Max Miiller, M.A., Taylorian Professor 
of Modern European Languages in the University of Oxford, Fellow of All Soul's 
College. In 8 vols., 8 vo. [Vol. I. in the press. 

Rig- Veda Sanhita. — A Collection oe Ancient Hindu Hymns, 

constituting the first Aslitaka, or Book, of the Big-Yeda, the oldest authority for 
the religious and social institutions of the Hindus. Translated from the original 
Sanskrit. By the late H. H. Wilson, M.A., F.E.S., etc., late Boden Professor 
of Sanskrit in the University of Oxford. "With a postscript, by Dr. Fitzedward 
Hall. Yol. L, 8vo. cloth, pp. lii. and 348. 1868. £1 Is. 

Rig-Yeda Sanhita. — A Collection of Ancient Hindu Hymns, 

constituting the second Ashtaka, or Book, of the Big-Yeda ; the oldest authority 
for the religious and social institutions of the Hindus. Translated from the 
original Sanskrit. By the late H. H. Wilson, M.A., F.E.S., late Boden Pro- 
fessor of Sanskrit in the University of Oxford. Yol. II. 8vo. cloth, pp. xxx. 
and 346. 1854. 21s. 

Rig- Veda Sanhita. — A Collection of Ancient Hindu Hymns, 

constituting the third and fourth Ashtakas, or Books, of the Big-Yeda ; the 
oldest authority for the religious and social institutions of the Hindus. Trans- 
lated from the original Sanskrit. By the late H. H. Wilson, M.A., F.E.S., late 
Boden Professor of Sanskrit in the University of Oxford. Yol. III. 8vo. cloth, 
pp. xxiv. and 525. 1857. 21s. 

Rig-Yeda Sanhita. — A Collection oe Ancient Hindu Hymns, 

constituting the first Ashtaka, or Book, of the Big-Yeda ; the oldest authority 
for the religious and social institutions of the Hindus. Translated from the 
original Sanskrit hy the late H. H. "Wilson, M.A., F.E.S., etc., late Boden Pro- 
fessor of Sanskrit in the University of Oxford. Edited by E. B. Cowell, M.A., 
late Principal of the Sanskrit College, Calcutta, and now Professor of Sanskrit in 
the University of Cambridge. Yol. IY. 8vo. cloth, pp. viii. and 314. 1866. 14s. 



78 Publications of Trubner fy Co. 

Biley. — Medieval Chronicles of the City of London. — Chroni- 
cles of the Mayors and Sheriffs of London, and the Events which happened in 
their Days, from the Year A.D. 1188 to A.D. 1274. Translated from the 
original Latin of the "Liber de Antiqnis Legibus" (published by the Camden 
Society), in the possession of the Corporation of the City of London ; attributed 
to Arnold Fitz-Thedmar, Alderman of London in the Eeign of Henry III. — 
Chronicles of London, and of the Marvels therein, between the Years 44 

• Henry III., A.D. 1260, and 17 Edward III., A.D. 1343. Translated from the 
original Anglo-Norman of the " Croniques de London," preserved in the Cot- 
tonian Collection (Cleopatra A. iv.) in the British Museum. Translated, with 
copious Notes and Appendices, by Henry Thomas Riley, M.A., Clare Hall, 
Cambridge ; of the Inner Temple, Barrister-at-Law. The Two Parts bound in 
one handsome Volume. 4to. cloth, pp. xii. and 319. 1863. 12s. 

Ditto. Morocco, gilt edges, pp. xii. and 319. 1863. £1 Is. 

Ditto. Vellum, red edges, pp. xii. and 319. 1863. £1 Is. 

Ripley. — Sacred Khetoric ; or, Composition and Delivery of Ser- 
mons. By Henry I. Ripley, Professor of Sacred Rhetoric and Pastoral Duties 
in Newton Theological Institute. To which are added, Hints on Extemporaneous 
Preaching. By Henry Ware, Jun., D.D. 12mo. cloth, pp. 234. 1858. 2*. M. 

Tiiver Plate (The). (South America), as a Field for Emigration ; its 
Geography, Climate, Agricultural Capabilities, and the Facilities afforded for 
permanent Settlement. With Maps, Third edition. Revised by the Legation of 
the Argentine Republic. 8vo. pp. 60, sewed. 1867. Is. 

Eobertson. — Priestcraft. By F. Robertson, F.K., Astron. Soc, 
late of Royal Engineers. Part I. 8vo. cloth. Second edition, pp. 181. 1867. 
4s. 

Eofaertson. — An Exposition of the Book of Genesis. By F. 
Robertson, F.R.A.S., late Royal Engineers, author of " Priestcraft," etc. 8yo. 
boards, pp. viii. and 262. 1868. 5s. 

Robinet. — Notice sur les Travaux et la Tie D'Auguste Comte. 
Par le Dr. Robinet. 8s. 

Jloche. — Histoire de France ; Depuis les Temps les Pins Eecnles. 
par Antonin Roche. Troisieme edition. Two volumes, 12mo. sewed, pp. vii. 
504 and 519. 1867. 7f. 

Eoche. — English Prose and Poetry. Materials for Translation 
from English into French. By Antonin Roche. 12mo. cloth, pp. xi. 368. 
1867. 4s. 6d. 

Eoche. — Abrege de la Grammaire Franchise. Par Antonin Eoche, 
ouvrage dont 1' introduction dans les Ecoles publiques a ete autorisee par arrete 
du Ministre de l'lnstruction publique. 12mo., pp. vi. and 132. 1861. Is. 

Eoche. — Corrige de la Syntaxe des Exercises sur la Grammaire 
Francaise. Par Antonin Roche, Directeur de l'Educational Institute de 
Londres, Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur. 3rd ed. 12mo., pp. 140. Is. 

Eoche. — Exercices sur l'Abrege de la Grammaire Francaise. 
Par Antonin Roche, Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur. 2nd ed. 12mo., pp. vi. 
and 140. 1*. 

Eoche. — Exercices sur la Grammaire Francaise. Par Antonin 
Roche. 12mo., pp. iv. and 244. Is. 6d. 



Publications of Trubner §■ Co. 79 

Hoche. — Gea^hiaiee Fkax9Aise, Ouvrage adopte pour les Ecoles 
publicities par arrete du Ministre de 1' Instruction publique en date du 22 Aout, 
1859. Par Antonin Eoche, Directeur de l'Educational Institute de Londres, 
Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur. oth ed. 12mo., pp. 208. Is 6d. 

Eoche. — Histoiee des Peincipatjx Eceiyains FitAirg-Ais, depuis 
l'origine de la Litterature jusqu'a nos jours, par Antonin Eoche, Directeur de 
l'Educational Institute de Londres. 2 vols. 12mo. pp. 700. 1863. 6s. 

Roohe. — Les Poetes Fbai^ais; Eecueil de rnorceaux, choisis dans 
les meilleurs poetes depuis [l'origine de la litterature franc.aise jusqu'a nos jours, 
avec une notice biographique sur chaque auteur, par Antonin Eoche, Directeur 
de l'Educational Institute de Londres, Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur 7th ed. 
augmentee. 12mo. pp. 532. 3s. 6d. 

JRoche. — Les Peosatetjes Pean£Ais, Eecueil de morceaux choisis 

dans les meilleurs prosateurs depuis Torigine de la litterature francaise jusqu'a 
nos jours avec une notice biographique sur chaque auteur par Antonin Eoche. 
Directeur de l'Educational Institute de Londres, Chevalier de la Legion 
d'honneur. 8th ed. augmentee. 12mo. pp. 544. 1867. 4s. 

Ronge. — The Atttobiogeaphy and Justification of Johannes 
Eoxge (the German reformer), translated from the fifth German edition, by 
John Lord, A.M. 12mo. sewed, pp. x. and 84. 1856. Is. 6d. 

Eowley. — A Papee upou the Egg of iEpyornis Maximus, the 

Colossal Bird of Madagascar. By George Dawson Rowley, M.A. 8vo. sewed, 
pp. 15. 1864. Is. 

Ro wley. — The Ee^iains of Mau and Extinct Mammalian Fauna, 

found in Eynesbury, near St. Xeots, Huntingdonshire. By George Dawson 
Eowley, M.A.,F.Z.S. 8vo. sewed, pp. 15. 1866. 1#. 

Russia, Central Asia, and Beitish India. By a British Subject. 
Post 8vo. sewed, pp. 48. 1865. Is. 

Saint Petersburg, Sights of, Book First ; Tact, Feeling, and 
Fun. "Wahrheit und Dichtung. 8vo. pp. 76, sewed. 1860. 2s. 6d. 

Samson. — Elements of Aet Ceiticism, comprising a Treatise on the 

Principles of Man's Nature as addressed by Art ; together with a Historic Sur- 
vey of the Methods of Art-Execution in the departments of Drawing, Sculpture, 
Architecture, Painting, Landscape Gardening, and the Decorative Arts. Designed 
as a Text-book for Schools and Colleges, and as a Handbook for Amateurs and 
Artists. By G-. "W. Samson, D.D., President of Columbia College, Washington 
D.C. Svo. cloth, pp. 840. 1867. 16s. 

Sand. — Molieee. A Drama in prose. By George Sand. Edited, 
with English Notes and Notice on George Sand, by Theodore Karcher, LL.B., 
of tbe Eoyal Military Academy and the University of London. 12mo. pp. xx. 
and 170, cloth. 1868. 3s. 6d. 

Sanitary Condition of New Yoek. Eeport of the Conncil of 
Hygiene and Public Health of the Citizens' Association of New York, upon the 
Sanitary Condition of the City. Published, with an Introductory Statement, 
by Order of the Council of the Citizen's Association. 8vo. cloth, pp. cxliii. and 
3d0. Maps, Plates. 1865. 25s. 

Sanitary " Keeoem." " A Model Deputation !" By A Member of 
the Sanitary Reform Association. Post Svo. sewed, pp. 8. 1866. 3d. 



80 Publications of Trilbner §• Co. 

Santorin, The Kaimeisti Islastds. From Observations by K. von 
Fritsch, W. Reiss, and A. Stiibel. Translated from the German. With 4 
Photographic Maps. Folio, sewed, pp. 8. 1867. 16s. 

SartorillS. — Mexico. Landscapes and Popular Sketches. By 0. 
Sartorius. Edited by Dr. Gaspey, with Engravings by distinguished Artists, 
from original 'Sketches, by Moritz Rugendas. 4 to. cloth gilt, pp. vi. and 202. 
1859. 18*. 

Saxe. — The Masquerade and other Poems. By John Godfrey 
Saxe. 12mo. cloth, pp. vii. and 237. 1866. 5s. 

Saxe. — The Poems of John Godfrey Saxe, Complete in one 
volume. Crown 8vo. cloth, gilt top, pp. xii. and 466. With a portrait of the 
author. 1868. 10s. 6d. 

Scandinavia aot Great Britain, Comparative List of the Birds of. 

Small Folio, pp. 18, sewed. 1859. Is. 

Scanzoni. — A Practical Treatise on the Diseases of the Sexnal 
Organs of "Women. By Professor F. W. Yon Scanzoni. Translated hy A. K. 
Gardner. 8vo. cloth, pp.xxi. and 669. 1861. 25s. 

Sceptic. — An Exposition of Spiritualism; comprising two Series 
of Letters, and a Review of the " Spiritual Magazine," No. 20. As published in 
in the " Star and Dial." With Introduction, Notes, and Appendix. By Sceptic. 
8vo. cloth, pp. 330. 1862. 6s. 

Schefer. — The Bishop's Wife. A Tale of the Papacy. Translated 
from the German of Leopold Schefer. By Mrs. J. R. Stodart. 12mo. cloth, pp. 
200. 1851. 2s. 6d. 

Schefer.— The Artist's Married Life : being that of Albert Dlirer. 
For devout Disciples of the Arts, Prudent Maidens, as well as for the Profit and 
Instruction of all Christendom, given to the light. Translated from the German 
of Leopold Schefer, hy Mrs. J. R. Stodart. Post 8vo. sewed, pp. 98. 
1853. Is. 

Schefer. — The Layman's Breviary; or, Meditations for Every-day 
in the Year. From the German of Leopold Schefer. By C. T. Brookes. Square, 
cloth, gilt, pp. iv. and 452. "With a portrait of the author. 1867. 10s. 6d. 

Schoelcher. — Dangers to England of the Alliance with the Men 
of the Coup-d'Etat. By Victor Schoelcher, Representative of the People. 
12mo., sewed, pp. 190. 1854. 2s. 6d. 

Schinimelfennig. — The War Between Turkey and Eussia. A 
Military Sketch. By A. Schimmelfennig. 8vo. sewed, pp. 68. 1854. 2s. 

Schlagintweit. — Buddhism in Tibet : Illustrated by Literary 
Documents and Objects of Religious ^Vorship. With an Account of the- 
Buddhist Systems preceding it in India. By Emil Schlagintweit, LL.D. With 
a folio Atlas of 20 Plates, and 20 Tables of Native print in the Text. Royal 
8vo., pp. xxiv. and 404. 1863. £2 2s. 

Schlagintweit. — Glossary of Geographical Terms from India 
and Tibet, with Native Transcription and Transliteration. By Hermann de 
Schlagintweit. Forming, with a " Route Book of the Western Himalaya, 
Tibet, and Turkistan," the Third Volume of H., A., and R, de Schlagintweit' s 
" Results of a Scientific Mission to India and High Asia.'' With an Atlas, in 
imperial folio, of Maps, Panoramas, and Views. Royal 4to., pp. xxiv. and 293. 
1863. £4. 



Publications of Trilbner §• Co. 8 1 

ScMagintweit. — Eesults of a Scientific Mission to India and 
High Asia. By Hermann, Adolphe, and Robert de Schlagintweit ; undertaken 
between the years 1854 and 1858, by Order of the Court of Directors of the 
Honourable East India Company. 

The Work will consist of Nine Volumes of Scientific Text, and of an Atlas, in 
Three Volumes Folio, containing Views and Maps, with explanatory Letterpress. 

Her Majesty Queen Victoria has been most graciously pleased to accept the 
Dedication of the Atlas. 

Vols. I. to IV. now ready (Text in 4to., Atlas in folio). 1861—1866. 
£4: 4s. each. 

Intending Subscribers may obtain Prospectuses, and every information 
required, of the Publishers. 

Schvarcz. — The Failure of Geological attempts made by the 
Greeks from the Earliest Ages down to the Epoch of Alexander. By Julius 
Schvarcz, F.G.S. Eevised and enlarged edition. 4to. pp. xx. and 154, cloth. 
1868. 105. 6d, 

Sclater. — Catalogue of a Collection of American Birds belong- 
ing to Mr. Philip Linsley Sclater, M.A., Th. Doc. F.R.S., Fellow of Corpus 
Christi College, Oxford; Secretary to the Zoological Society of London ; 
Editor of " The Ibis." 8yo. pp. 354, and 20 coloured Plates of Birds, cloth. 
1862. £1 105. 

Scott. — Memoirs of Lieut. -General Winfield Scott, LL.D., 
late Commander-in-Chief of the United States Forces. Written by Himself. 
With two Portraits. 2 vols, crown 8vo. cloth, pp. xxii. 330 and 653. 1864. 16s. 

Scully, — Brazil ; its Provinces and Chief Cities ; the Manners and 
Customs of the People ; Agricultural, Commercial, and other Statistics, taken 
from the latest Official Documents ; with a variety of useful and entertaining 
knowledge, both for the Merchant and Emigrant. By William Scully, editor of 
the "Anglo-Brazilian Times." Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. viii. and 398. 7s. 6d* 

Seabridge. — Connected Poems. By Charles Seabridge. 18mo. 
cloth, pp. 138. 1866. 3s. 6d. 

Serf (The) and the Cossack ; or, Internal State of Eussia. Second 
edition, revised and enlarged. 12mo., sewed, pp.48. 1854. 6d. 

Seyd. — California and its Eesotjrces. A Work for the Merchant, 

the Capitalist, and the Emigrant. By Ernest Seyd. 8yo. cloth, plates, pp. 
168. 1858. 8s. 6d. 

Shapurji Edalji. — A Dictionary, Gtjjarati and English. By 

Shapurji Edalji. Second edition. 8vo. cloth, pp. xxiv. and 874. 1868. £1 Is. 

Shapurji Edalji. — A Grammar of the Gtjjarati Language. By 

Shapurji Edalji. 12mo. cloth, pp, 128. 10s. 6d. 

Shaw. — Odontalgia, commonly called Tooth-Ache; its Causes, 
Prevention and Cure. By S. Parsons Shaw. 12mo. pp. xi. and 258, cloth. 
1868. 4s. 6d. 

Sherring. — The Sacred City of the Hindus : an Account of 
Benares in Ancient and Modern Times. By the Rev. M. A. Sherring, A.M, 
LL.B., and prefaced with an Introduction by Fitz-Edward Hall, Esq., D.C.L. 
Shortly. In a handsome 8vo. Volume of about 300 pages, with 10 Full-page 
Woodcut Illustrations from Photographs. Pp. xxxvi. and 388, cloth. 1868. 21s. 

G 



82 Publications of Trubner fy Co. 

Simon. — The Ministry oe Original Words in Asserting and 
Defending the Truth. By B. A. Simon. 8vo. cloth pp. 123. 1865. 45. 

SilliOllides, — AtotcXeovs hafjbopov tov KapuartOov rj rrepl vyieivcov 
i7TL(TT6Xr], ical Tpo<pi\ov irpaitaoov vWapijAEwg deiipava. (Diokles' Letter on 
Hygiene and Trophihis Recipes. Edited by Dr. Const. Simonides). Square 
12mo. pp. 24, sewed. 1865. Is. 

SiniOIlides. — ^KirLaToXiixaia irepl lepojXvcptfccov ypafi/jbarayy Sea- 

rpifie. (A brief Dissertation on Hieroglyphic Letters. By Constantine Simonides, 
Ph. D.) 8vo. pp. 58, sewed. 1863. 2s. 6d. 

Simonides. — 'OpOoSo^cov eXXrjvcov OeoXoyt/cai <ypa<j>al Teaadpe^. 

(A. Nikolaos, Bishop of Mothone ; B. Genniadios, Archbishop of Constantinople ; 
C. Gregorios, Archbishop of Thessalonich ; D. Georgios Kressios). Edited by 
Constantine Simonides, Ph. D. 8vo. pp. 240, cloth (with portrait of Mcolaos). 
1865. 10s. 

Simonides. — Concerning Hortjs oe Nilopolis, the Hierogramma- 

tist of his native place, son of Amonthis and Thessais. "With notices of his works. 
By Constantine Simonides, Ph. D. 4to. pp. 16, sewed. 1863. 2s. 6d. 

Simonides. — Fac-Similes of Certain Portions of the Gospel of St. 
Matthew, and of the Epistles of St. James and Jude. "Written on Papyrus in 
the first century, and preserved in the Egyptian Museum of Joseph Mayer, Esq., 
Liverpool. Edited and annotated, etc., etc., by Constantine Simonides, Ph. D. 
Folio, pp. 80, with numerous fac-similes, sewed. 1862. £1 lis. 6d. 

Simonides. — Beport oe the Council oe the Royal Society oe 
Literature on some of the Mayer Papyri and the Palimpsest MS. of Uranius 
belonging to M. Simonides. With Letters from MM. Pertz, Ehrenberg, and 
Dindorf. 8vo. pp. 27, sewed. 1863. Is. 

Simonides. — The Peripltts of Hannon, King of the Karchedo- 

nians. Concerning the Lybian part of the Earth beyond the Pillars of Heracles, 
which is dedicated to Kronos, the greatest God, and to aU the Gods dwelling 
with him. 4to. pp. 82, and two fac-similes, sewed. 1864. 10s. 

Simpson. — An Introduction to the Philosophy oe Shakespeare's 
Sonnets. By Richard Simpson. Crown 8vo. pp. 8vo, cloth. 1868. 3s. 6d. 

Smart. — An Address to Soldiers on Leaving England for Foreign 
Service. By Newton Smart, M.A. Sixth edition. 12mo. pp. 30. 1866. 3d. 

Smith.— Eeyiews and Essays eor the Million, from Genesis to 
Revelations. By Brooke Smith, Esq., Stoke Bishop, Gloucestershire. Fcap. 
8vo. pp. 160, cloth. 1868. 3s. 6d. 

Smith. — Local Self- Government and Centralization. The 
Characteristics of each ; and its Practical Tendencies as affecting Social, 
Moral, and Political Welfare and Progress. Including Comprehensive Outlines 
of the English Constitution. With copious Index. By J. Toulmin Smith, 
Esq., Barrister-at-Law. Post 8vo. cloth, pp.viii. and 409. 1851. 5s. 

Smith. — Social Aspects. By John Stores Smith, author of 
" Miraheau," a Life Histoiy. Post 8vo. cloth, pp. iv. and 258. 1850. 2s. 6d. 



Publications of Trilbner §• Co. 83 

Smith. — The Common Nature of Epidemics ; also Eemarks on 
Contagion and Quarantine. By Southwood Smith, M.D. 8vo. cloth, pp. yi. 
and 130. 1866. 3s. M, 

Smith. — The Divine Government. By Soutlrwood Smith, M.D. 
Fifth Edition. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. xii. and 276. 1866. 6s. 

Soiling. — Diutiska : an Historical and Critical Survey of the 
Literature of Germany, from the Earliest Period to the death of Gothe. Bv 
Gustav Soiling. 8vo. pp. xviii. and 368. 1863. 10s. M. 

Soiling. — Select Passages from the "Works of Shakespeare. 
Translated and Collected. German and English. By Gustav Soiling. 12mo. 
cloth, pp. 155. 1866. 3s. 6d. 

Somerset. — Une centaine d'inventions, otjvrage ecrit en 1655, 
par Edouard Somerset, Marquis de Worcester, traduit en Francais pour la 
premiere fois, stir la texte de la premiere edition (Londres, 1663), et edite par 
Henry Dircks, C.E., LL.D., F.E.S.E. M.K.S.L., etc., auteur de " The Life of 
the Marquis of Worcester," " Worcesteriana," etc., etc. 12mo. pp. 62, sewed, 
1868. Is. 

Somerville. — Eros. A Series of Connected Poems. By Lorenzo 
Somerville. 18mo. cloth, pp. 142. 1866. 3s. 6d. 

Sophocles. — A Glossary of Later and Byzantine Greek. By 
E. A. Sophocles. 4to., pp. iv. and 624. 1860. £2 8s. 

Sophocles. — Eomaic, or Modern Greek Grammar. By E. 

A. Sophocles. 8vo., half-hound, pp. xxviii. and 196. 1866. 7s. 6cl. 

Spaggiari. — A Latin, English, Italian, and Polyglot Anthology, 

with a variety of Translations and Illustrations. To be published once a year ; 
designed to contribute to the cause of classical learning, as well as to forward 
the cultivation of the English language and literature in Italy, and that of the 
Italian in Great Britain, America, and Australia. Edited by John Spaggiari. 
Oct. 1861. No. 1, oblong 4to, sewed, pp. 10. 1861. 2s. 6cl. 

Spear. — On the Position of Women. By Mrs. J. H. Spear. 12mo. 

limp, pp. 37. 1866. Is. 

Spellen. — The Inner Life of the House of Commons. By J. 
K. Spellen. 12mo. sewed. 1854. 6d. 

Spinoza's Tractatus Theologico-Politictts : A Critical Inquiry 
into the History, Purpose, and Authenticity of the Hebrew Scriptures ; with the 
Bight to Free Thought and Free Discussion asserted, and shown to be not only 
consistent, but necessarily bound up with True Piety and Good Government. 
By Benedict de Spinoza. From the Latin. With an Introduction and Notes by 
the Editor. 8vo. cloth, pp. 386. 1862. 10s. M. 

Spinoza. — Tractatus Theologico-politicus. A Theological and 

Political Treatise in a Series of Essays, showing that freedom of thought and of 
discussion may not only be granted with safety to religion and the peace of the 
state, but that both the public peace and piety are endangered when such free- 
dom is denied. By Benedict de Spinoza. From the Latin, with an introduction 
and note by the Editor; Second edition, revised and corrected. 8vo. pp. 360. 
(In the press). 



84 Publications of Triibner §• Co. 

Spmner. — Br. Karl Von Spritzer' s Historico-Geographical 
Hand-Atlas, containing 26 Coloured Maps engraved on copper, 22 of which are 
devoted to the General History of Europe, and 4 are specially illustrative of the 
History of the British Isles. Oblong, cloth-lettered, 155., or half-bound morocco, 
1861. £11*. 

Stevens. — Seasoning for a Seasoner ; or, the New Gradus ad 
Parnassum; a Satire. By Brook B. Stevens. 8vo. cloth, pp. 48. 1861. 35. 

Stewart. — Sorghum and its Products. An account of recent 

investigations concerning the value of sorghum in sugar production, together 
with a description of a new method of making sugar and refined syrup from this, 
plant. Adapted to common use, by F. L. Stewart. Post 8vo. pp. xiv. and 240, 
cloth. 1867. Qs. 

Stille. — Therapeutics and Materia Medica : a Sjtematic Treatise 
on the Action and Uses of Medicinal Agents. By Alfred Stiile, M.D. Second 
Edition, revised, 2 vols. 8vo., cloth, pp. xv. 776, and viii. 819. 1864. £2 85. 

Stoddard. — Grammar of the Modern Syriac Language as spoken 
in Oroomah, Persia, and in Koordistan. By Rev. D. T. Stoddard. 8vo. boards,, 
pp. 180. 1865. 75. 6cl. 

Storer. — First Outlines of a Dictionary of Solubilities of 
Chemical Substances. By Frank H. Storer. Indispensable to the practical 
chemist. Boyal 8vo. cloth, pp. xi. and 713. 1864. £1 lis. 6d. 

Story. — Commentaries on the Law of Promissory Notes, and 
Guaranties of Notes, and Cheques on Banks and Bankers. With occasional illus- 
trations from the commercial law of the nations of continental Europe. By 
Joseph Story, LL.D., one of the Justices of the Supreme Court of the United 
States, and Dane Professor of Law in Harvard University. 8vo. pp. xliv. and: 
740. 1868. £1 115. 6d. 

Story. — Life and Letters of Joseph Story, Associate Justice of 
the Supreme Court of the United States, and Dane Professor of Law at Harvard 
University. Edited by his Son "William W. Story. 2 vols., royal 8vo. cloth, 
pp. xx. and 1,250. 1851. £1. 

Story. — The American Question. By "William "W. Story. 8vo. 
sewed pp. 68. 1862. I5. 

Stourton. — Postage Stamp Forgeries ; or, the Collector's Fade 
Mecum. Containing accurate descriptions of nearly 700 Forgeries, exclusive of 
Essays and chymically changed Stamps. By J. M. Stourton. 12mo, sewed, 
pp. viii. and 66. 1865. 15. 

Stratmann. — A Dictionary oe the English Language, compiled 
from the writings of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Centuries, by Francis Henry 
Stratmann. 8vo. cloth, pp. x. and 694. 1867. 25s. 

Stratmann. — An Old English Poem of the Owl and the Nightin- 
gale. Edited by Francis Henry Stratmann. 8vo. cloth, pp. 60. 1868. 35. 

Strauss. — The Opinions of Professor Dayid P. Strauss, as 
embodied in his Letter to the Burgomaster Hinzel, Professor Orelli, and Pro- 
fessor Hizig at Zurich. With an Address to the People of Zurich. By Pro- 
fessor Orelli. Translated from the Second Edition of the original. 8vo. sewed. 
pp. 31. 1844. U. 



Publications of Trubner §• Co. 85 

Sue. — The Rival Baces; or the Sons of Joel. A Legendary 
Romance. By Eugene Sue. 3 vols., post 8vo. cloth. 1863. £1 lis 6d. 

Sulliyant. — Icones Muscopum, or Figures and Descriptions of most 
of those Mosses peculiar to Eastern North America, which have not been hereto- 
fore figured. By William S. Sullivant, LL.D. With 129 copper-plates. 8vo. 
pp. 216, cloth. 1864. £4 45. 

Sullivant. — United States Exploring Expedition, during the 
years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, 
United States Navy. Botany. Musci. By William S. Sullivant. Folio, pp. 32. 
With 26 folio plates, half morocco. 1859. £10 10s. 

Surya Slddhanta (Translation of the); a Text-Book of Hindu 
Astronomy; with Notes, and an Appendix, containing additional notes and 
tables, calculations of eclipses, a stellar map, and indexes. By Rev. Ebenezer 
Burgess, formerly missionary of the A.B.C.F.M. in India; assisted by the com- 
mittee of publication of the American Oriental Society. 8vo. pp. iii. and 356, 
Boards. 1860. 15s. 

Swaalb. — Fibpous Substances — Indigenous and Exotic : their 
Nature, Varieties, and Treatment, considered with a view to render them further 
useful for Textile and other purposes. By S. L. Swaab. 8vo, sewed, pp. 56. 
1864. 2s. 

Swan wick. — Selections epom the Dpamas of Goethe and 
Schiller. Translated with Introductory Remarks, by Anna Swanwick. 8vo. 
cloth, pp. xvi. and 290. 1846. 6s. 

Taft. — A Practical Tpeatise on Operative Dentistpy. By J, 
Taft, Professor of Operative Dentistry in the Ohio College of Dental Surgery. 
8vo. pp. 384. With 80 illustrations. Cloth. 1859. 15s. 

Taney. — Habeas Coppus. The Proceedings in the Case of John 
Merryman, of Baltimore County, Maryland, before the Honourable Roger Brooke 
Taney, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. 8vo. sewed, 
pp. 24. 1861. Is. 

Tayler. — A Retpospect oe the Eeligious Life oe England; 
or, the Church, Puritanism, and Free Inquiry. By J. J. Taylor, B.A. New 
Revised Edition. Large post 8vo., cloth, pp. xii. and 330. 1853. 7s. 6d. 

Taylor. — Taylop's System oe Shopthand "Writing. Edited by 
Matthias Levy, author of " The History of Shorthand Writing." 8vo. pp. iv. 
and 16, limp cloth. 1862. Is. 6d. 

Taylor. — The Claim of Englishwomen to the Sueepage Con- 
stitutionally considered. By Helen Taylor. Reprinted from the "West- 
minster Review." 8vo. pp. 16, sewed. 1867. Id. 

Taylor. — The Picture of St. John. By Bayard Taylor. 12mo 
cloth, pp. vii. and 220. 1866. 7s. 6d. 

Taylor. — The Poems of Bayapd Taylop. Portrait. Blue and 

Gold Series. Third Series. 24mo. cloth, gilt edges, pp. viii. and 419. I860. 5s. 



86 Publications of Trubner §• Co. 

Technological Dictionary : French — German — English ; containing* 

the Technical Terms used in Arts and Trades, Civil, Military, and Naval Archi- 
tecture, Bridges and Roads, Bailways, Mechanics, construction of Machines, 
Artillery, Navigation, Mines and Smelting Works, Mathematics, Physics, 
Chemistry, Mineralogy, etc., etc. Edited by C. Rumpf and 0. Mothes ; preceded 
by a Preface by Charles Karmarsch, Chief Director of the Polytechnic School of 
Hanover. In one vol. 8vo. pp. vi. and 590, cloth. 1868. 10s. 6d. 

Terrien and Saxton. — Liberies hag Ayielen ; or, the Catholic- 
Epistles and Gospels for the day up to Ascension. Translated for the first time- 
into the Brehonec of Brittany. Also, in three parallel columns, a new version of 
the same Breizouner (commonly called Breton and Armorican) ; a version into 
Welsh, mostly new and closely resembling the Breton ; and a version Gaelic, or 
Manx, or Cernaweg, with illustrative articles, by Christoll Terrien and Charles 
Waring Saxton, D.D., Christ Church, Oxford. The penitential psalms are also- 
added. Oblong Folio, pp. 156, sewed. 1868. 5s. 

Tetraglot. — New Universal Dictionary of the English, French, 
Italian, and German Languages, arranged after a new system. Small 8vo* 
cloth. 75. 6d, 

Texas Almanac (The) for, 1868, with. Federal and State Statistics ;. 
historical, descriptive, and biographical sketches, etc., relating to Texas. 8vo. 
pp. 314, sewed. 1868. 3s. 

Theatre Francais Moderne. A Selection of Modern French Plays 
Edited by the Rev. P. H. Ernest Brette, B.D., Head Master of the French- 
School in Christ's Hospital ; Charles Cassal, LL.D., Professor in University 
College, London ; and Theodore Karcher, LL.B., of the Royal Military Academy, 
"Woolwich ; former and present examiners in the University of London, and for 
the Civil Service of India. First Series, in one vol. crown 8vo. cloth. 6s» 
Containing : — 

Charlotte Cobday, a Tragedy. By F. Ponsard. Edited with English Notes 
and Notice on Ponsard, by Professor C. Cassal, LL.D. of University 
College, London. Pp. xii. and 134. 

Diane, a Drama in verse. By Emile Angier. Edited with English Notes and! 
Notice on Angier, by Theodore Karcher, LL.B., of the Boyal Military Academy 
and the University of London. Pp. xiv. and 145. 

Le Voyage a Dieppe, a Comedy in prose. By "Wafflard and Fulgence. Edited,, 
with English Notes, by the Rev. P. H. Ernest Brette, B.D., of Christ's Hospital 
and the University of London. Pp. 104. 

The Boke of Nurture. By John Kussell, abont 1460 — 1470 Anna 
Domini. The Boke of Kernynge. By "Wynkyn de TVorde, Anno Domini 1513. 
The Boke of Nurture. By Hugh Bhodes, Anno Domini 1577. Edited from the 
Originals in the British Museum Library, by Frederick J. Fumivall, M.A. r 
Trinity Hall, Cambridge, Member of Council of the Philological and Early- 
English Text Societies. 4to. half-morocco, gilt top, pp. xix. and 146, 28, xxviii. 
and 56. 1867. £1 lis. M. 

The Derhyites and the Coalition. Parliamentary Sketches. Being- 
'a second edition of the " History of the Session 1852—1853." 12mo. pp. 222, 
cloth.. 1854. 2s. U. 

The True Interpretation of the American Ciyil War, and of 
England's Cotton Difficulty or Slavery, from a different Point of Yiew, showing 
the relative Responsibilities of America and Great Britain. By Onesimus 
Secundus. 8vo. sewed, pp. iv. and 47. 1863. Is. 



Publications of Trilbner <Sf Co. 87 

The Vision of William concerning Piers Plowman, together with 
Yita de Dowel, Dobet et Dobest, secundum wit et resoun. By William Lang- 
lancl (about 1362-1380 anno domini). Edited from numerous Manuscripts, with 
Prefaces, Notes, and a Glossary. By the Eev. Walter "W. Skeat, M.A. Pp. 
xliv. and 158, cloth. 1867. Vernon Text; Text A. 7s. 6d. 

©eta (fj) Aeirovpyia rod ev ay lot? Trdrpos r^fjucov 'Icodvvov rov 

XpvcroGrofxov. HapacppacrOeX^a Kara to Keifxsi'ov to iicEoOep iyKpiGti Trjg lepag 
cvvoSov tov j3a<Ti\eiov Trjg"E\\aSog. 8vo. pp. 76, cloth. I860. 3s. 6d. 

Thom. — St. Paul's Epistles to the Corinthians. An attempt 
to convey their Spirit and Significance. By the Eev. John Hamilton Thorn. 
Post 8vo. cloth, pp. xii. and 408. 1851. 7s. 

Thomas. — A Collection of some of the Miscellaneous Essays on 
Oriental Subjects. (Published on various occasions.) By EdwardThomas, Esq., 
late of the East India Company's Bengal Civil Service. Contents — On Ancient 
Indian Weights ; The Earliest Indian Coinage ; Bactrian Coins ; On the 
Identity of Xandrames and Krananda ; JSTote on Indian Numerals ; On the 
Coins of the Gupta Dynasty; Early Armenian Coins; Observations Intro- 
ductory to the Explanation of the Oriental Legends to be found on certain 
Imperial and Partho-Persian Coins ; Sassanian Gems and early Armenian Coins ; 
Notes on Certain unpublished Coins of the Sassanidae ; An Accoimt of Eight 
Ktific Coins ; Supplementary Contributions to the Series of the Coins of the 
Kings of Ghazni ; Supplementary Contributions to the Series of the Coins of the 
Patan Sultans of Hindustan ; The Initial Coinage of Bengal, introduced by the 
Muhammadans, on the conquest of the country, a.h. 600-800, a.d. 1203-1397. 
In one vol. 8vo. half-bound, gilt edges. 1868. 

Thomas. — Early Sassanian Inscriptions, Seals and Coins. By 
Edward Thomas, Esq., late of the East India Company's Bengal Service. 8vo. 
pp. viii. and 138. With numerous woodcuts, a photograph of the Hajiabad 
inscription, and a copper-plate of the Sassanian coins. Cloth, 1868. 7*. 6d. 

Thomson. — Institutes of the Laws of Ceylon. By Henry 
Byerley Thomson, Second Puisne Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. In 
2 vols., 8vo. cloth, pp. xx. 647, and pp. xx. 713. With Appendices, pp. 71. 
1866. £2 2s. 

Thomson. — The Autobiography of an Artizan. By Christopher 
Thomson. Post 8vo. cloth, pp. xii. and 408. 1847. 65. 

Thoreau. — A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Eiyers. 
By Henry D. Thoreau. 12mo. cloth, pp. 413. 1862. 7s. M, 

Thoreau. — The Maine Y/oods. By Henry D. Thoreau. 12mo. 
cloth, pp. vi. and 328. 1864. 7s. 6£ 

Thorean.-— Excursions. 12mo. cloth, pp. 319. 1864. 7s. 6d. 

Thoreau. — A Yankee in Canada; -with Anti-Slavery and Eeform 
Papers. By Henry D. Thoreau. 12mo. cloth, pp. 286. 1866. 7s. M. 

Thoreau. — Letters to Various Persons. By Henry D. Thoreau. 
Edited by Ralph Waldo Emerson. 16mo. cloth, Pp. 229. 1865. 7s. M. 

A series of interesting letters selected by Mr. Emerson, with an appendix containing nine 
charming poems. 

Thoreau. — Walden. By Henry D. Thoreau. 12mo. cloth, 
pp. 357. 1864. 7s. M. 



88 Publications of Trubner t$ Co. 

Thoughts of a Lifetime ; or, my Mind — its contents. An epitome 
of the leading questions of the day. By the author of " Utopia at Home." 
Crown 8vo. pp. ix. and 220, cloth. 1868. 3s. 6d. 

Thoughts on Keligion and the Bible. By a Layman, an M.A. of 

Trinity College, Dublin. Second edition, revised and enlarged. Crown 8vo. 
pp. x. and 42, sewed. 1865. Is. 

Thoughts on the Athanasian Creed, etc. By a Layman. 16mo. 

cloth, pp. vi. and 75. 1866. 2s. 

Three Experiments of Living. Within the Means. Up to the 

Means. Beyond the Means. Fcap. 8vo., ornamental coyer and gilt edges, pp. 86. 
1848. Is. 

Tickuor. — A History of Spanish Literature. Entirely re- 
written. By George Ticknor. 3 vols, crown 8vo. pp. xxiv. 486, xiii. 506, 
xiv. 524, cloth. 1863. £1 4s. 

Tolhausen. — A Synopsis of the Patent Laws of Various 
Countries. Comprising the following heads : — 1. Law, Date, and where re- 
corded ; 2. Kinds of Patents ; 3. Previous Examination ; 4. Duration ; 5. 
Government Fees; 6. Documents Required, and where to he left; 7. Working 
and Extension ; 8. Assignments; 9. Specifications, Inspection, and Copies of; 10. 
List of Patents delivered ; 11. Specifications Published ; 12. Originals of Speci- 
fications (Models). By Alexander Tolhausen, Ph. D., Sworn Translator at the 
Imperial Court of Paris, Author of a Technological Dictionary in the English, 
French, and German Languages, etc. 8vo. sewed, pp. 31. 1857. Is. 

Torrens. — Lancashire's Lesson: or, the Need of a Settled Policy 
in Times of Exceptional Distress. By "W. T. M. Torrens, Author of " The 
Industrial History of Free Nations," "The Life of Sir James Graham," etc. 
Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. viii. and 191. 1864. 3s. 6d. 

Toscani. — Italian Conversational Course. A new Method of 
Teaching the Italian Language, both Theoretically and Practically. By Giovanni 
Toscani, Professor of the Italian Language and Literature in the City of London 
College, Eoyal Polytechnic Institution, etc. 12mo. cloth, pp. viii. and 249. 
1867. 5s. 

TosswilL— The British and American Beady-Keckoner : con- 
sisting of Tables showing the equivalent values in Currency and Sterling at any 
rate for Exchange, of the following articles : — Produce, comprising butter, 
cheese, bacon, hams, lard, tallow, grease, hops, seeds, tobacco, sugar, beeswax, or 
any article whereof the Standard is the pound in America and the cwt. (of 
112 lbs.) in the British Isles, with a list of net freights. Also cotton per lb. — 
Flour, Beep and Pork, or any article sold in both countries by the same 
Standard. — "Wheat transferred from the bushel of 60 lbs. to quarter of 480 lbs. ; 
likewise the equivalent value of the quarter and cental. — Indian Corn trans- 
ferred from the bushel of 56 lbs. to the quarter of 480 lbs. Also freights of 
wheat and corn. — Oil Cake and Dye Woods, allowing, where necessary, for 
the difference between the 2,000 lbs. and the gross ton.— Refined Petroleum 
transferred from the small or wine into the imperial gallon. — Crude Petro- 
leum transferred from the small gallon into the tun of 252 imperial or 303 small 
gallons. Also, Sterling Commission or Brokerage, showing the expense of 
placing any of the above merchandise "free on board." Computed by Edward 
B. Tosswill, Author of " Produce Tables from par to 400 premium." Imperial 
8vo. cloth, pp. x. and 133. 1865. £1 Is. 



Publications of Trilbner §• Co. 89 

Towler. — The Silver Sunbeam : a Practical and Theoretical 
Text-book on Sun-Drawing and Photographic Printing, comprehending all the 
"Wet and Dry Processes at present known. By J. Towler, M.D., Prendergast 
Professor ot Natural Philosophy. Third Edition, enlarged. Crown 8vo. cloth, 
pp. viii. and 443. 1866. 10s. M. 

Towler. — Dby Plate Photography ; or, the Tannin Process made 
Simple and Practical for Operators and Amateurs. By J. Towler, M.D. 12mo. 
sewed, pp. 97. 1865. 4s. 

Towler. — The Magic Photograph ; with full Instructions How to 
Make it. By J. Towler, M.D. 12mo. sewed, pp. x. 1866. Is. 

Triglot. — A Complete Dictionary, English, German, and French, 
on an entirely new plan, for the use of the Three Nations. In Three Divisions. 
1 vol. small 4to, cloth, red edges. 10s. 6d. 

Trimen.— Phopalocera Aebicae Australia; a Catalogue of South 

African Butterflies ; comprising Descriptions of all the known Species, with 
Notices of their Larvae, Pupae, Localities, Habits, Seasons of Appearance, and 
Geographical Distribution. By Poland Trimen, Member of the Entomological 
Society of London. With Illustrations, by G. PL. Ford. 8vo. cloth, pp. iv. and 
353. 1862-66. 18s. 
Ditto Coloured, 25s. 

Trubner's American and Oriental Literary Eecord. A Monthly 
Begister of the most Important Works published in North and South America, 
in India, China, and the British Colonies. With Occasional Notes on German, 
Dutch, Danish, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and Russian Books. The 
object of the Publishers in issuing this monthly publication is to give a full and 
particular account of every publication of importance issued in America and the 
East. Yols. 1 to 3 (36 numbers) from March, 1865, to July, 1868, small 
quarto, 6d. per number. Subscription os. per annum. Continued monthly. 
The object of the Publishers in issuing this monthly publication is to give a full and particular 

account of every publication of importance issued iu America and in the East. 

Triiblier's Series of German Plays, for Students of the German 
Language. With Grammatical and Explanatory Notes. By F. Weinmann, 
German Master to the Boyal Institution School, Liverpool, and G. Zimmermann, 
Teacher of Modern Languages. No. I. Der Yetter. Comedv in three Acts, by 
Boderick Benedix. 12mo. cloth, pp. 125. 1863. 2s. 6cl. 

Trilbner's Gold and Silver Coins (See under Current Gold and 

Silver Coins). 

Triihner. — Tkubneb's Bibliographical Gtjlde to American Litera- 
ture : a Classed List of Books published in the United States of America, from 
1817 to 1857. With Bibliographical Introduction, Notes, and Alphabetical 
Index. Compiled and Edited by Nicolas Trubner. In 1 vol. 8vo., half-bound, 
pp. 750. 1859. 185. 

This work, it is believed, is the first attempt to marshal the Literature of the United States 
of America during the last forty years, according to the generally received bibliographical 
canons. The Librarian will welcome it, no doubt, as a companion volume to Brunet, Lowndes, 
and Ebert ; whilst, to the bookseller, it will be a faithful guide to the American branch of 
English Literature— a branch which, on account of its rapid increase and rising importance, 
•begins to force itself daily more and more upon his attention. Nor will the work be of less 
interest to the man of letters inasmuch as it comprises complete Tables of Contents to all the 
more prominent Collections of the Americans, to the Journals, Memoirs, Proceedings, and 
Transactions of their learned Societies — and thus furnishes an intelligible key to a department 
of American scientific activity hitherto but imperfectly known and understood in Europe. 

Opinions of the Press. 
4 ' It has been reserved for a foreigner to have compiled, for. the benefit of European readers, 
a really trustworthy guide to Anglo-American literature. This honourable distinction has 
been fairly one by Mr. Nicolas Trubner, the intelligent and well-known publisher in Pater- 
noster-row That gentleman has succeeded in making a very valuable addition to biblio- 
graphical knowledge, n a quarter where it was much wanted." — Universal Review, Jan., 1S59 



90 Publications of Triibner ty Co. 

"'Triibner's Bibliographical Guide to American Literature' deserves praise for the great 
care with which it is prepared, and the wonderful amount of information contained in its 
pages. It is compiled and edited by Mr. Nicolas Triibner, the publisher, of Paternoster-row. 
It comprises a classified list of books published in the United States during the last forty- 
years, with Bibliographical Introduction, Notes, and Alphabetical Index. The introduction 
is very elaborate and full of facts, and must be the work of a gentleman who lias spared no- 
pains in making himself master of all that is important in connection with American litera- 
ture. It certainly supplies much information not generally known in Europe." — Morning Star, 
Jan. 31st, 1859. 

" Mr. Triibner deserves much credit for being the first to arrange bibliography according to* 
the received rules of the art. He began the labour in 1855, and the first volume was published 
in that year ; constituting, in fact, the earliest attempt, on this side of the Atlantic, to 
catalogue American books. The present volume, of course, is enlarged, and is more perfect 
in every respect. The method of classification is exceedingly clear and useful. 

' k In short, it presents the actual state of literature, as well as the course of its development 
from the beginning. Into the subject-matter of this section we shall have to look hereafter,, 
we are now simply explaining the composition of Mr. Triibner's most valuable and useful 
book." — Spectator, Feb. 5, 1859. 

" Mr. Triibner's book is by far the most complete American bibliography that has yet 
appeared, and displays an amount of patience and research that does him infinite credit. We 
have tested the accuracy of the work upon several points demanding much care and inquiry, 
and the result has always been satisfactory. Our American brethren cannot fail to feel com- 
plimented by the production of this volume, which in quantity almost equals our own London 
catalogue."— The Bookseller, Feb. 24th, 1359. 

"To say of this volume that it entirely fulfils the promise of its title-page, is possibly the 
highest and most truthful commendation that can be awarded to it. Mr. Triibner deserves 
however, something beyond general praise for the patient and intelligent labour with which 
he has elaborated the earlier forms of the work into that which it now bears. What was 
once but a scanty volume, has now become magnified, under his care, to one of considerable 
size ; and what was once little better than a dry catalogue, may now take rank as a biogra- 
phical work of first-rate importance. His position as an American literary agent has, doubt- 
less, been very favourable to Mr. Triibner, by throwing matter in its way ; and he confesses, 
in his preface, that it is to this source that he is mainly indebted for the materials which have 
enabled him to construct the work before us. Mr. Triibner's object in compiling this book is, 
he states, two-fold : ' On the one hand, to suggest the necessity of a more perfect work of its 
kind by an American, surrounded, as he necessarily would be, with the needful appliances ; 
and, on the other, to supply to Europeans a guide to Anglo-American literature— a branch 
which, by its rapid rise and increasing importance, begins to force itself more and more on 
our attention. It is very modest in Mr. Triibner thus to treat his work as a mere suggestion 
for others. It is much more than this : it is an example which those who attempt to do 
anything more complete cannot do better than to follow a model, which they will do well to 
copy, if they would combine fulness of material with that admirable order and arrangement 
which so facilitates reference, and without which a work of this sort is all but useless. 

" All honour, then, to the literature of Young America— for young she still is, and let her 
thank her stars for it — and all honour also, to Mr. Triibner, for taking so much pains to make 
us acquainted with it." — The Critic, March 19, 1859. 

" This is not only a very useful, because well executed, bibliographical work— it is also a 
work of much interest to all who are connected with literature. The bulk of it consists of a 
classified list, with date of publication, size, and price, of all the works, original or translated, 
which have appeared in the United States during the last forty years; and an alphabetical 
index facilitates reference to any particular work or author. On the merits of this portion of 
the work we cannot, of course, be expected to form a judgment. It would require something- 
of the special erudition of Mr. Triibner himself, to say how far he has succeeded or fallen short 
of his undertaking— how few, or how many, have been his omissions. There is one indication , 
however, of his careful minuteness, which suggests the amount of labour that must have been 
bestowed on the work — namely, the full enumeration of all the contents of the various Trans- 
saction and Scientific Journals. Thus, 'the Transactions of the American Philosophical 
Society,' from the year 1769 to 1857— no index to which has yet appeared in America— are in 
this work made easy of reference, every paper of every volume being mentioned seriatim. 
The naturalist, who wishes to know what papers have appeared in the Boston Journal of 
Natural History during the last twenty years, that is, from its commencement, lias only to 
glance over the five closely-printed pages of this guide to satisfy himself at once."— The 
Saturday Review, April 2, 1859. 

'* We have never seen a work on the national literature of a people more carefully compiled 
than the present, and the bibliographical prolegomena deserves attentive perusal by all who 
would study either the political or the literary history of the greatest republic of the West." — 
The Leader, March 26th, 1859. 

"The subject of my letter to-day may seem to be of a purely literary character, but I feel 
justified to claim a more general interest for it. That subject is connected with the good re- 
putation of the United States abroad. It is likewise connected with the general topic of my 
two former letters. I have spoken of the friends and the antagonists of the United States 
among European nations, and among the different classes of European society. I have stated, 
that the antagonists are chiefly to be found among the aristocracy, not only of birth, but *o£ 



Publications of Trilbner § Co. 91 

mind ' — as it has been called— likewise ; not only among the privileged classes, and those con- 
nected with the Government interests, bat among those who live in the sphere of literature 
and art, and look down with contempt upon a society in which utilitarian motives are believed 
to be paramount. And 1 have asserted that, these differences in the opinions of certain classes 
lefc aside, the Germans, as a whole, take a more lively and a deeper interest in American 
affairs than in any other nation. Now, I am going to speak of a book just ready to leave the 
press of a London publisher, which, while it is a remarkable instance of the truth of my 
assertion in reference to the Germans, must be considered as serving the interests of the 
United States, by promoting the good reputation of American life in an uncommon degree. 

"The London book trade has a firm, Triibner and Co, of whose business transactions 
American literature, as well as literature on America, form a principal branch. It is the firm 
who have lately published the bibliography of American languages. Mr. Nicolas Triibner is 
a German, who has never inhabited the United States, and yet he risks his time, labour, and 
money, in literary publications, for which even vain endeavours would have been made to find 
an American publisher. 

" The new publication of Mr. Triibner, to which I have referred, is a large 8vo volume of 
S00 pages, under the title of ' Bibliographical Guide t"> American Literature, A classified 
List of Books published in the United States of America, from 1817 to 1857. With Biblio- 
graphical Introduction, Notes, and Alphabetic il Index. Compiled and edited by Nicolas 
Triibner.' 

"This last remark has but too much truth in it. The United States, in the opinion of the 
great mass of even the well-educated people of Europe, is a country inhabited by a nation lost 
in the pursuit of material interest, a country in which the technically applicable branches of 
of some sciences may be cultivated to a certain degree, but a country essentially without 
literature and art, a country not without newspapers — so much the worse for it — but almost 
without books. Now, here, Mr. Triibner, a German, comes out with a list of American books, 
filling a thick volume, though containing American publications only, upward from the year 
1817, from which time he dates the period of a more decided literary independence of the 
United States. 

"Since no native-born, and even no adopted, American, has taken the trouble of compiling, 
arranging, digesting, editing, and publishing such a work, who else but a German could, 
undertake it? who else among the European nations would have thought American literature 
worth the labour, the time, and the money? and, let me add, that a smaller work of a similar 
character, 'The Literature of American Local History,' by the late Dr. Hermann Ludewig, 
was the work of a German, likewise. May be that the majority of the American public will- 
ascribe but an inferior degree of interest to works of this kind. The majority of the public 
of other na' ions will do the same, as it cannot be everybody's business to understand the- 
usefulness of bibliography, and of books containing nothing but the enumeration and descrip- 
tion of books. One thing, however, must be apparent: the deep interest taken by some 
foreigners in some of the more ideal spheres of American life ; and if it is true, that the clear 
historical insight into its own development, ideal as well as material, is one of the most valu- 
able acquisitions of a nation, future American generations will acknowledge the good services 
of those foreigners, who, by their literary application, contributed to avert the national 
calamity of the origin of the literary independence of America becoming veiled in darkness." 
New York Daily Tribune, Dec, 1858. 

44 It is remarkable and noteworthy that the most valuable manual of American literature 
should appear in London and be published by an English house. Triibner's Bibliographical 
Guide to American Literature is a work of extraordinary skill and perseverance, giving an index 
to all the publications of the American press for the last forty years."— Harper's Weekly, March 
28th, 1859. 

" Mr. Triibner deserves all praise for having produced a work every way satisfactory. No 
one who takes an interest in the subject of which it treats can dispense it with it ; and we 
have no doubt that booksellers in this country will learn to consider it necessary to them as a. 
shop manual, and only second in importance, for the purposes of their trade, to the London 
Catalogue itself. That a foreigner, and a London bookseller, should have accomplished what 
Americans themselves have failed to do, is most creditable to the compiler. The volume 
contains 149 pages of introductory matter, containing by far the best record of American 
literary history yet published ; and 521 pages of classed list of books, to which an alphabeti- 
cal index of 33 pages is added. This alphabetical index alone may claim to be one of the most 
valuable aids for enabling the student of literary history to form a just and perfect estimate 
of the great and rising importance of Anglo-American literature, the youngest and most un- 
trammelled of all which illustrate the gradual development of the human mind." — The Press, 
Philadelphia, Oct. 11, 1858. 

"We do not so much express the wish by this notice, that Mr. Triibner may not find a 
public ungrateful for his labours, as congratulate, especially American Bibliophiles, upon the 
advantages within their reach, by the acquisition and use of what Mr. Triibner has so oppor- 
tunely supplied."— Washington National Intelligencer, March 22nd, 1859. 

> " This volume contains a well- classified list of books published in the United States of Ame- 
rica during the last forty years, preceded by a tolerably full survey of American literary enter- 
prise during the first half of the nineteenth century. The value of such a guide, in itself 
tolerably evident, becomes more so upon glancing over the five hundred and forty pages of 
close print which display the literary activity pervading the country of Prescott and Mottley, 



D2 Publications of Trubner fy Co. 

of Irving and Hawthorne, of Poe and Longfellow, of Story and Wheaton, of Moses Stuart and 
Channing. This volume will be useful to the scholar, but to the librarian it is indispensable." 
—Daily News, March 24th, 1859. 

"There are hundreds of men of moderate scholarship who would gladly stand on some 
higher and more assured point. They feel that they have acquired much information, but 
they also fee) the need of that subtle discipline, literary education, without which all mere 
learning is the radis indigesta moles, as much of a stumbling-block as an aid. To those in such 
a condition, works on bibliography are invaluable. For direction in classifying all reading, 
whether English or American, Allibone's Dictionary is admirable ; but, for particular informa- 
tion as to the American side of the house, the recently published Bibliographical Guide to 
American Literature, by Nicholas Trubner, of London, may be conscientiously commended. 
A careful perusal of this truly remarkable work cannot fail to give any intelligent person a 
clear and complete idea of the whole state of American book-making, not only in its literary 
aspect, but in its historical, and, added to this, in its most mechanical details." — Philadelphia 
Evening Bulletin, March 5th, 1859. 

" But the best work on American bibliography yet published has come to us from London, 
where it has been compiled by the well-known bibliophile, Trubner. The work is remarkable 
for condensation and accuracy, though we have noted a few errors and omissions, upon which 
we should like to comment, had we now space to do so." — New York Times, March 26th, 1859. 

"Some of our readers, whose attention has been particularly called to scientific and literary 
matters, may remember meeting, some years since, in this country, a most intelligent 
foreigner, who visited the United States for the purpose of extending his business connections, 
and making a personal investigation into the condition of literature in the New World. Mr. 
Nicholas Trubner— rthe gentleman to whom we have made reference— although by birth a 
German, and by education and profession a London bookseller, could hardly be called a 
'stranger in America,' for he had sent before him a most valuable 'letter of introduction,' in 
the shape of a carefully compiled register of American books and authors, entitled 'Biblio- 
graphical Guide to American Literature,' etc., pp. xxxii., 108. This manual was the germ of 
the important publication, the title of which the reader will find at the commencement of this 
article. Now, in consequence of Mr. Triibner's admirable classification and minute index, the 
inquirer after knowledge nas nothing to do but copy from the Bibliographical Guide the 
titles of the American books which he wishes to consult, despatch them to his library by a 
messenger, and in a few minutes he has before him the coveted volumes, through whose means 
he hopes to enlarge his acquisitions. Undoubtedly it would be a cause of well-founded 
reproach, of deep mortification to every intelligent American, if the arduous labours of the 
learned editor and compiler of this volume (whom we almost hesitate to call a foreigner), 
should fail to be appreciated in a country to which he has, by the preparation of this valuable 
work, proved himself so eminent a benefactor." — Pennsylvania Enquirer, March 26th, 1859. 

" The editor of this volume has acquired a knowledge of the productions of the American 
press which is rarely exhibited on the other side of the Atlantic, and which must command 
the admiration of the best informed students of the subject in this country. His former work 
on American bibliography, though making no pre:ensions to completeness, was a valuable 
index to various branches of learning that had been successfully cultivated by our scholars 
"but, neither in comprehensiveness of plan nor thoroughness of execution, can it be compared 
to the elaborate and minute record of American literature contained in this volume. The duty 
of the editor required extensive research, vigilant discrimination, and untiring diligence ; and. 
in the performance of his task we are no less struck with the accuracy of detail than with the 
extent of his information. The period to which the volume is devoted, comprises only the 
last forty years ; but within [that time the literature of this country has received its most 
efficient impulses, and been widely unfolded in the various departments of intellectual 
activity. If we were permitted to speak in behalf of American scholars, we should not fail to 
•congratulate Mr. Trubner on the eminent success with which he has accomplished his plan, 
and the ample and impartial justice with which he has registered the productions of our 
native authorship. After a careful examination cf his volume, we are bound to expiess our 
high appreciation of the intelligence, fairness, and industry which are conspicuous in its 
pages ; for exactness and precision it is no less remarkable, than for extent of research ; few, 
if any, important publications are omitted on its catalogue, and although, as is inevitable in 
a work of this nature, an erroneous letter has sometimes crept into a name, or an erroneous 
figure into a date, no one can consult it habitually without learning to rely on its trust- 
worthiness, as well as its completeness." — Harper's Magazine, April, 1859. 

" Nor is the book a dry catalogue only of the names and contents of the publications of 
America. Prefixed to it are valuable bibliographical prolegomena, instructive to the antiquary, 
as well as useful to the philologist. In this portion of the work, Mr Trubner had the assist- 
ance of the late Dr. Ludewig, whose early death was a great loss to philological science. Mr. 
Moran, the assistant- secretary to the American Legation, has added to the volume a historical 
summary of the literature of America ; and Mr. Edward Edwards is responsible for an inter- 
esting account of the public libraries of the United States. To Mr. Triibner's own careful 
superintendence and hard work, however, the student must ever remain indebted for one of 
the most useful and well-arranged books on bibliographical lore ever published. In addition to 
this, it is right to congratulate Mr. Ttubner on the fact, that his present work confirms the 
opinion passed on his 'Bibliotheca Glottica,' that among the booksellers themselves honour- 
able literary eminence may exist, without clashing with business arrangements. The book- 
sellers of old were authors, and Mr. Trubner emulates their example. 1 '— Morning Chronicle, 
March 22nd, 1859. 



Publications of Triibner §• Co. 93 

"Mr. Triibner, who is not only a bibliopole but a bibliophile, has, in this work, materially 
increased the claim which he had already upon the respect of all book-lovers everywhere, but 
especially in the United States, to whose literature he has now made so important and useful 
a contribution. So much larger than a former book, under a similar title, which he published 
in 1855, and so much more ample in every respect, the present constitutes a new implement 
for our libraries, as well as the most valuable existing aid for those students who, without 
libraries, have an interest in knowing their contents." — Baltimore American, 2nd April, 1859. 

" Lastly, published only the other day, is Triibner's Bibliographical Guide to American 
Literature, which gives a classed list of books published in the United States during the last 
forty years, with bibliographical introduction, notes, and Alphabetical index. This octavo 
volume has been compiled and edited by Mr. Nicolas Triibner, the well-known head of one 
of the great foreign publishing and importing houses of London, who is also editor of Ludewig 
and Turner's Literature of American Aboriginal Languages. Besides containing a classed 
list of books, with an alphabetical index, Mr. Triibner's book has an introduction, in which, 
at considerable fulness, he treats of the history of American literature, including newspapers, 
periodicals, and public libraries. It is fair to state that Mr. Triibner's Bibliographical Guide 
was published subsequent to Allibone's Dictionary, but printed off about the same time." — 
Philadelphia Press, April 4th, 1859. 

"This is a valuable work for book buyers. For its compilation we are indebted to a foreign 
bibliomaniac, but one who has made himself familiar with American literature, and has 
possessed himself of the most ample sources of information. The volume contains : — I. Bi- 
bliographical Prolegomena ; II. Contributions towards a History of American Literature ; 
III. Notices of Public Libraries of the United States. These three heads form the introduc- 
tion, and occupy one hundred and fifty pages. IV. Classed list of books ; V. Alphabetical 
list of authors. This plan is somewhat alter that adopted in Watts' celebrated 'Bibliotheca 
Britannica,' a work of immense value, whose compilation occupied some forty years. The 
classified portion of the present work enables the reader to find readily the names of all books 
on any one subject. The alphabetical index of authors enables the reader to ascertain 
instantly the names of all authors and of all their works, including the numerous periodical 
publications of the last forty years. Mr. Triibner deserves the thanks of the literary world 
for his plan, and its able execution."— New York Courier and Enquirer, April 11th, 1859. 

"L'auteur, dans une preface de dix pages, expose les idees qui lui ont fait entreprendre son* 
livre, et le plan qu'il a cru devoir adopter. Dans une savante introduction, il fait une revue 
critique des differentes ouvrages relatifs al'Ame'rique; il signale ceux qui ont le plus con- 
tribue a, l'establissement d'une literature speciale Americaine, et il en fait l'histoire, cette- 
partie de son travail est destinee a, lui faire honneur, elle est me"thodiquement divise'e en 
periode coloniale et en pdriode Americaine et renferme, sur les progres de l'imprimerie en 
Arne'rique, sur le salaire des auteurs, sur le commerce de la librairie, les publications 
pdriodiques, des renseignements tres interessants, que l'on est heureux de trouver reunis 
pour la premiere fois. Cette introduction, qui n'a pas moins de 150 pages, se termine par une 
table statisque de toutes les bibiiotheques publiques des differents Etats de l'Union. 

" Le catalogue me'thodique et raisonne des ouvrages n'occupe pas moins de 521 pages, il 
forme 32 sections consacrees chacune a l'une des branches des sciences humaines ; celle qui 
donne laliste des ouvrages qui inte'ressent la geographie et les voyages (section xvi.) comprend 
pres de 600 articles, et parmi eux on troupe l'indication de plusieurs ouvrages dont nous ne 
soupconnions me me pas l'existence en Europe. Un index general alphabetique par noms 
d'auteurs qui termine ce livre, permet d'abreger des recherches souvent bien penibles. Le^ 
guide bibliographique de M. Triibner est un monument eleve a l'activite scientifique et 
littdraire Americaine et comme tel, il est digne de prendre place a c6te des ouvrages du memo 
genre publics en Europe par les Brunet, les Lowndes, et les Ebert. (V. A. Malte-Brun)." — 
Nouvelles Annales des Voyages, April, 1859. 

Tuder. — My Own Philology. By A. Tuder. In Two Parts. 
8vo. pp. iv. and 40, 60, sewed. 1866. Is. each. 

Twenty-five Years' Conflict in the Church, and its Kemedy.. 
12mo. sewed, pp. viii. and 70. 1855. Is. 6cl. 

UMemann's Syriac Grammar. Translated from the German by 
Enoch Hutchinson. 8vo. cloth, pp. 368. 1855. 18s. 

Ullmann. — The "Worship op Genius, and the Distinctive Cha- 
racter or Essence or Christianity. By Professor C. Ullmann. Translated 
by Lucy Sandford. Post 8vo. cloth, pp. 116. 1840. 3s. 6d. 

United States Consular Eegulations. A Practical Guide for Con- 
sular Officers, and also for merchants, shipowners, and masters of American 
vessels, in all their consular transactions. Third edition, revised and enlarged 
8vo. pp. 684, cloth. 1867. 21s. 



94 Publications of Trubner £f Co. 

United States Patent Law (The). Instructions how to obtain 

Letters Patent for new inventions ; including a variety of useful information 
concerning the rules and practice of the Patent Office ; how to sell patents ; how 
to secure foreign patents ; forms for assignments and licenses, together with 
engravings and descriptions of the condensing steam-engine, and the principal 
mechanical movements, valuable tables, calculations, problems, etc., etc. By 
Munn, and Co., Solicitors of Patents, No. 37, Park Bow, New York. Third 
edition, 12mo., pp. 108, cloth. 1867. Is. 6d. 

Unity, Duality, and Trinity of the Godhead (a Discussion 

among upwards of 250 theological enquirers, clergymen, dissenting ministers and 
laymen, on the). "With digressions on the creation, fall, incarnation, atonement, j 
resurrection, and infallibility of the Scriptures, inspiration, miracles, future 
punishments, revision of the Bible, etc. The press corrected by Ranley, the 
Reporter of the discussion. 8vo. pp. 206, cloth. 1864. 6s. 

Unity (The) of Truth. A Devotional Diary, compiled from the 

Scripture and other sources. By the Author of "Visiting my Relations. " 18mo. 
cloth, pp. iv. 138. 1867. 2s. 

Universal Correspondence est Six Languages. English, German, 
French, Dutch, Italian, and Spanish. 2 vols. 8vo. cloth, pp. 664 and 660. 
1865. 205. 

Universal Church (The) ; its Faith, Doctrine, and Constitution. 
Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. iv. and 398. 1866. 6s. 

Tipper Ehine (The). Illustrating its finest Cities, Castles, Ruins, 

and Landscapes. From drawings by Messrs. Rohbock, Louis and Julius Lange, 
engraved by the most distinguished artists. "With a historical and topographical 
text. Edited by Dr. Gaspey. 8vo. pp. 496. "With 134 steel-plate illustrations, 
cloth. 1859. £2 2s. 

ITricoechea. — Mapoteca Colombiana : Catalogo de Todos los 
Mapas, Pianos, Yistas, etc., relativos a la America-Espanola, Brasil, e Islas 
adyacentes. Arreglada cronologicamenfe i precedida de una introduccion sobre 
la historia cartografica de America. Por el Doctor Ezequiel ITricoechea, de 
Bogota, ISTueva Granada. One vol. 8vo. cloth, pp. 232. 1860. 6s. 

Uriel, and othee. Poems. 12mo. cloth. 2s. 6d. 

Uriel. — Poems. By the Author of Uriel. Second Edition. 12mo. 
cloth, pp. 169. 1857. 25. 

Urquhart. — Pbogbess op Eussia in the West, North, and South, by- 
Opening the Sources of Opinion, and appropriating the Channels of "Wealth and 
Power. By David Urquhart. Fifth edition, pp. 490, with Map, 12mo. stiff 
cover. 1852. Is. 6d. 

Urquhart. — Recent Events in the East. Letters, Essays, etc. By 

David Urquhart. 12mo. pp. 312, 1853. Is. 6d. 

Urquhart. — The War of Ignorance ; its Progress and Eesults : a 
Prognostication and a Testimony. By David Urquhart. 8vo. 1854. Is. 

Urquhart. — The Occupants of the Crimea. An Appeal from To- 
day and To-morrow. By David Urquhart. 8vo. sewed. 1854. 6d. 

Urquhart. — The Home Pace of the " Pour Points." By David 

Urquhart. 8vo. pp. 32. 1854. Is. 



Publications of Trilbner §• Co. 95 

Taletta. — 'Opbrjpov /3/o? Kal Troirj/jtara. Tlpajfiarela laropiKr] Kal 
KpLTiK)). vtto 'luavvov N. BaXsrra. (The Life and Poems of Homer. A 
Historical and Critical Essay. By John N. Yaletta). 1 yol. 4to. pp. xii. and 
403, with, an illustration, sewed, 1866. 21s. 

Taletta. — ^cotcov tov (jocpcoTdrov Kal dyicordrov TlaTpidpyov 
l&cijvcrraVTivvTToXsiog 'J&Tri(TToXai. 'Aig Svo tov clvtov Trapr\prr\Tai irovrijiaTia. 
A. 'EpajTilfJiaTa ceica ovv 'Lvaig ralg airoKpiaeoiv, i'jtol auvayojyal Kal aTTode'i^ug 
aicpifSug, (JWEiXeyfjievai £k riov ovvloCik&v Kal larop'iKCJv ypcupujv Trepl 'Ettigtco- 
7rwv Kal Mi]Tp07ro\LT(x)v, Kal XotTTiov erepoji/ avayKaiojv ^TjTf][jLa.TO)P. B. Kpiaetg 
/cat E7TiXv(jeig irevre KS(paXaLoJv, rcf QeocpiXsGTarci), oGnoTciTtp Akovri ApxitTri- 
cr/co7T^j KaXafipiag. Mara TrpoXeyopkvoJV Trepl tov /3iov Kal tujv Gvyypa\L\iaTuv 
$>u)tiov K.r.a. vtto 'IbJ&vvov N. BaXerra. (The Epistles of Photius, the wisest 
and holiest Patriarch of Konstantinople. To which are attached two works of 
the same author: 1. Ten Questions with their answers, viz., collections and 

• accurate descriptions gathered from the synodical and historical writings on the 
Bishops and Metropolitans. 2. Sentences and Interpretations, in five chapters, 
addressed to Leon, the Archbishop of Calabria. "With an Introduction on the 
Life and Writings of Photius. By John N. Valetta.) 1 vol. 4to. pp. 581 sewed. 
1864. £1 10s. 

Tan der Tuuk. — Outlines oe a Grammar oe the Malagasy Lan- 
guage. By H. N. Van der Tuuk. 8vo. sewed, pp. 28. 1866. Is. 

Tail der Tuuk. — Short Account of the Malay Manuscripts 
belonging to the Boyal Asiatic Society. By H. N. Van Der Tuuk. 8vo. sewed, 
pp. 51. 1866. Is. 

Tan de Weyer. — ChoixD' Opuscules Philosophiqtjes, Historiqites, 
Politicoes et Litteeaires de Sylvain Van de "Weyer. Precedes d'Avant- 
propos de l'Editeur. Premiere Serie. 

Table de Matieres. 

1 . Le Ptoi Cobden. 

2. Lettres sur les Anglais qui ont dcrit en Fran?ais. 

3. Discours sur l'Histoire de la Philosophie. 

4. Moyen facile et dconomique d'etre bienfaisant, propose aux jeunes Gens, et suivi de 

Pense*es diverses. 

5. Lettre a M. Ernst Miinch. 

Crown 8vo. pp. 374. Boxburghe style. 1863. 10s. 6d. 
Ditto. Ditto. Seconde Serie. (In the Press.) 

Tan Laun (Henri). — Grammar of the French Language. 

Parts I. and II. Accidence and Syntax. In one vol. crown 8vo. cloth, pp. 151 

and 117. 5th edition. 1867. 4s. 

Part III. Exercises. 4th Ed. Crown Svo. cloth, pp. xii. and 285.1866. 3s. 6d. 

Tan Laiin. — Lemons G-raduees de Traduction et de Lecture ; or, 

Graduated Lessons in Translation and Beading, with Biographical Sketches, 

Annotations on History, Geography, Synonyms and Style, and a Dictionary of 

"Words and Idioms. By Henri Van Laun. 12mo. cloth, pp. vi. and 476. 

1863. 5s. 

Tarnhagen, — Amerigo Vespucci. Son caractere, ses ecrits (meme 
les moins authentigues), sa vie et ses navigations, avec une carte indiquant les 
routes. Par F. A. de Yarnhagen, Ministre du Bresil au Perou, Chili et Ecuador, 
etc, Small Folio, pp. 120, boards. 1865. 14s. 

Tarnhagen. — La Verdadera Guanahani de Colon. Memoria 
communicada a la facultad de humanidades. Por Don Francisco Ad. de 
Yarnhagen, e impresa en el tomo xxvi. de los anales de Chile (Enero de 1864). 
8vo. pp. xiv., with a map of the Bahaman and Antillan Archipelago, sewed, 

1864. 2s. 6d. 

Velasquez and Simonne's New Method to Bead, Write, and 

Speak the Spanish Language. Adapted to Ollendorff's System. Post 8vo, 
j>p. 558, cloth. 1866. 6s. 

Key. Post Svo. pp. 174., cloth. 4s. 



96 Publications of Trubner §• Co. 

Velasquez. — A Dictionary of the Spanish and English Lan- 
guages. For the Use of Young Learners and Travellers. By M. Velasquez de- 
la Cadena. In Two Parts. I. Spanish-English. II. English-Spanish. 12mo» 
pp. 680, cloth. 1864. 12s. 

Velasquez. — A Pronouncing Dictionary of the Spanish and> 
English Languages. Composed from the Dictionaries of the Spanish 
Academy, Terreos, and Salva, and Webster, Worcester, and Walker. Two 
Parts in one thick volume. By M. Velasquez de la Cadena. Royal 8vo. pp. 
1,280, cloth. 1866. 25s. 

Velasquez. — An Easy Introduction to Spanish Conversation, 
containing all that is necessary to make a rapid progress in it. Particularly- 
designed for persons who have little time to study, or are their own instructors. 
By M. Velasquez de la Cadena. New edition, revised and enlarged. 12mo. 
pp. 150, cloth. 1863. 2s. 6d. 

Yelasquez. — New Spanish Eeader : Passages from the most 

approved authors, in Prose and Verse. Arranged in progressive order. With 

Vocabulary. Post 8vo. pp. 352, cloth. 1866. 6s. 6d. 
Yera. — Probleme de la Certitude. By Professor A. Vera. 

8vo. pp. 220. 1845. 3s. 
Vera. — Platonis Aristotelis et Hegelii de Medio Terming 

Doctrina. By Professor A. Vera. 8vo. pp. 45. 1845. Is. 6d. 
Vera. — Inquiry into Speculative and Experimental Science. 

By Professor A. Vera. 8vo. pp. 68. 1856. 3s. 6d. 
Vera. — Logique de Hegel, traduite pour la premiere fois et 

accompagnee d'une introduction et d'un commentaire perpetuel. 2 volumes. 

8vo. pp. 750. By Professor A. Vera. 1859. 12s. 
Vera. — L'Hegelianisme et la Philo sophie. By Professor A. 

Vera. 8vo. pp. 226. 1861. 3s. 6d. 
Vera. — Melanges Philosophiques (containing Papers in Italian 

and French. By Professor A. Vera. 8vo. pp. 304. 1862. 5s. 
Vera. — Prolusioni alla Storia della Filosoeia e DALLA FlLO SOFIA 

della Storia. By Professor A. Vera. 8vo. pp. 87. 1863. 2s. 
Vera. — Introduction a la Philosophie de Hegel. Deuxieme 

edition, revue et augnientee de Notes et d'une Preface. By Professor A. Vera. 

8vo. pp. 418. (The first edition appeared in 1854). 1864. 6s. 
Vera. — Essais de Philosophie Hegelienne, contenant la Peine de 

Mort, Amour et Philosophie, et Introduction a la Philosophie. By Professor 

A. Vera. 12mo. pp. 203. 1864. 2s. 6d. 
Vera. — Philosophie de la Nature de Hegel, traduite pour la 

premiere fois et accompagnee d'une introduction et d'une commentaire perpetueL 

By Professor A. Vera. 3 volumes. 8vo. pp. 1637. 1863, 1864, and 1865. 24s. 
Vera. — Philosophie de l'Esprit de Hegel, Traduite pour la 

premiere fois et accompagnee de deux Introductions et d'un Commentaire 

Perpetuel. Par A. Vera. Tome premier. 8vo. sewed, pp. cxii. and 471. 1867. 12s. 
Verkriizen. — A Treatise on Muslin Embroidery in its Various 

Branches, including Directions for the different Styles of this "Work, with eight 

beautiful Illustrations, a Receipt to get up Embroidery, etc. By T. A* 

Verkriizen, author of a Treatise on Berlin Wool and Colours. Oblong, sewed r 

pp. 26. 1861. Is. 
Verkriizen. —A Treatise on Berlin Wool and Colours \ 

Needlework, Muslin, Embroidery, Potichomanie, Diaphanie, and Japanerie, for 

the use of Dealers and Amateurs in Fancy Work. By T. A. Verkriizen. 4to- 

pp. 32. 1857. Is. 



Publications of Trubner fy Co. 97 

Versmann and Oppenheim. — On the Comparative Value of certain 

Salts for rendering Fabrics Non-inflammable ; being the substance of a 
paper read before the British Association, at the meeting in Aberdeen, Septem- 
ber 15th, 1859. By Fred. Versmann, F.C.S., and Alphons Oppenheim, Ph. D., 
A.C.S. 8vo. pp. 32, sewed. 1859. Is. 

Vickers. — Imaginism and Kationalism. An Explanation of the 
Origin and Progress of Christianity. By John Vickers. Post 8vo. cloth, pp. 
viii. and 432. 1867. 7s. 6d. 

Yillars (De). — Me moires de la cotjr d'Espagne sous le regne de 
Charles II. 1678 — 1682. Par le Marquis de Villars. Small 4to. pp. xl.'and 
382, cloth. 1861. 30s. 

Vishnu Purana. — A System of Hindu Mythology and Tradition. 
Translated from the original Sanskrit, and illustrated by Notes derived chiefly 
from other Puranas. By the late Horace Hayman Wilson, M.A., F.R.S., 
thoroughly revised and edited, with Notes, by Dr. Fitzedward Hall. In 5 
vols. 8vo. Vol. I. pp. 340. Vol. II. pp. 348. Vol. III. pp. 348. 10s. 6d. each. 
(Vols. IV. and V. in the press). 

Voice from Mayfair (A). 8vo. pp. 58, sewed. 1868. 4d. 

Volpe, — An Italian Grammar. By Grirolamo Volpe, Italian 

Master at Eton College. For the Use of Eton. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. 242. 
1863. 4*. 6d. 

Volpe. — A Key to the Exercises of Volpe's Italian Grammar. 12mo. 

sewed, pp. 18. 1863. Is. 
Von Cotta. — Geology and History : a Popular Exposition of all 

that is known of the Earth and its Inhabitants in Pre-historic Times. By 

Bernhard Von Cotta, Professor of Geology at Freiburg. Post 8vo. cloth, pp. iv. 

and 84. 1865. 2s. 

Voysey. — Dogma versus Morality. A Reply to Church Congress. 
By Charles Voysey, B.A. Post 8vo. sewed, pp. 12. 1866. 3d. 

Voysey. — The Sling and the Stone. By Charles Voysey, B.A., 
St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, Incumbent of Healaugh. Volume I. (12 numbers for 
1866). Crown 8vo. cloth. 1866. 6s, 

Voysey. — The Sling and the Stone. By Charles Voysey, B.A. 
Volume II. (12 numbers for 1867). 8vo. cloth, pp. 176. 1867. 7s. §d. 

Voysey. — Humanity versus Barbarism in our Thanksgiving. By 
Charles Voysey, B.A., St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, Incumbent of Healaugh, 
Tadcaster. 8vo., pp. 12. 1868. 3d.. 

Wade. — Wen-Chien Tzu-Erh Chi. A Series of Papers selected 
as specimens of documentary Chinese, designed to assist Students of the 
language, as written by the officials of China. Vol. I. and Part I. of the Key. 
By Thomas Francis Wade, C.B., Secretary to Her Britannic Majesty's Legation 
at Peking. 4to., half-cloth, pp. xii. and 455 ; and iv., 72 and 52. 1867. 
£1 16«. 



!, — Yu-Yen Tzu-Erh Chi. A progressive course, designed to 
assist the Student of Colloquial Chinese, as spoken in the Capital and the 
Metropolitan Department. In Eight Parts, with Key, Syllabary, and Writing 
Exercises. By Thomas Francis Wade, C.B., Secretary to Her Britannic 
Majesty's Legation, Peking. 3 vols. 4to. Progressive Course, pp. xx. 296 and 
16 ; Syllabary, pp. 126 and 36 ; Writing Exercises, pp. 48 ; Key, pp. 174 and 
140, sewed. 1867. £4. 



98 Publications of Trubner § Co. 

Wafflard and Fulgence. — Le Voyage a Dieppe. A Comedy in 
Prose. By Wafflard and Fulgence. Edited, with English Notes, by the Rev. 
P. H. Ernest Brette, B.D., of Christ's Hospital, and the University of London. 
Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. 104. 1867. 2s. 6d. 

Wake. — Chapters on Man. With, the Outlines of a Science of 
comparative Psychology. By C. Staniland "Wake, Fellow of the Anthropo- 
logical Society of London. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. viii. and 344. 1868. 7s. 6d. 

Wanklyn and Chapman. — Water Analysis. A Practical Treatise 
on the examination of potable water. By J. Alfred Wanklyn, M.R.C.S., Pro- 
fessor of Chemistry in London Institution, and Ernest Theophron Chapman. 
Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. x. and 104. 1868. 5s. 

Ware. — Sketches of European Capitals. By William Ware, - 
Author of "Zenobia; or, Letters from Palmyra," " Aurelian," etc. Svo. pp. 
124. 1851. Is. 

"Warning ; or, the Beginning of the End. By the Author of 
" Who am I ?" 1 vol., 8vo. cloth. 2s. 

Watson. — Index to the Native and Scientific Names of Indian 
and other Eastern Economic Plants and Products, originally prepared 
under the authority of the Secretary of State for India in Council. By John 
Forbes Watson, M.A., M.D., F.L.S., F.R.A.S., etc., Reporter On the Products 

, of India. Imperial 8vo. cloth, pp. 650. 1868. £1 lis. 6d. 

Watson. — Theoretical Astronomy, relating to the motions of the 
heavenly "bodies revolving around the sun in accordance with the law of universal 
gravitation, embracing a systematic derivation of the formulae for the calcula- 
tion cf the geocentric and heliocentric places, for the determination of the 
orbits of Planets and Comets, for the correction of approximate elements, and for 
the computation of special perturbation ; together with the theory of the com- 
bination of observations, and the method of least squares. With numerical 
examples and auxiliary tables. By James C. Watson, Director of the Obser- 
vatory at Ann Arbor, and Professor of Astronomy in the University of Michigan. 
8vo. cloth, pp. 662. 1868. £1 18s. 

Watts. — Essays on Language and Literature. By Thomas Watts, 
of the British Museum. Reprinted, with Alterations and Additions, from the 
" Transactions of the Philological Society," and elsewhere. 1 vol. 8vo. (In 
preparation). 

Watts and Doddridge. — Hymns eor Children. Eevised and 
altered, so as to render them of general use. By Dr. Watts. To which are 
added Hymns and other Religious Poetry for Children. By Dr. Doddridge. 
Ninth edition. 12mo. pp. 48, stiff covers. 1837. 2d. 

Way (The) to Have Peace. By S. E. De M. 12mo sewed, 

pp. 16. 1856. 2d. 

Way (The) of Truth ; or, a Mothers Teachings from the Bible. 
12mo. cloth, pp. iv. and 202. 1867. 2s. 

WedgWOOd. — The Principles of Geometrical Demonstration, reduced 
from the Original Conception of Space and Form. By H. Wedgwood, M.A. 
12mo. cloth, pp. 48. 1844. 2s. 

Wedgwood. — On the Development oe the Understanding. By 
Hensleigh Wedgwood, A.M. 12mo. cloth, pp. 133. 1848. 3s. 



Publications of Trubner §• Co. 99 

"Wedgwood. — The Geometry of the Three First Books of Euclid. 

By Direct Proof from Definitions Alone. With an Introduction on the Prin- 
ciples of the Science. By Hensleigh "Wedgwood, M.A. 12mo. cloth, pp. 104. 
1856. 35. 

Wedgwood. — On the Origin of Language. By Hensleigh. Wedgwood, 
M.A., late Fellow of Christ College, Cambridge. 12mo. cloth, pp. 165. 1866. 
3s. 6d. 
"Wedgwood. — A Dictionary of the English Language. By Hens- 
leigh Wedgwood, M.A., late Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge. Yol. I. 
(A to D) 8vo. cloth, pp. xxiv. 508, 14s. ; Yol. II. (E to P) 8vo. cloth, pp. 578, 
14s. ; Vol. III., Part I. (Q. to Sy), 8yo. pp. 366, 10s. 6d. ; Yol. III., Part II. 
(T to W) 8vo., pp. 200, 5s. 6d. complete the Work. 1859 to 1865. Price 
of the complete work, 44s. 

" Dictionaries are a class of books not usually esteemed light reading ; but no intelligent man 
were to be pitied who should find himself shut up on a rainy day iD a lonely house in the 
dreariest part of Salisbury Plain, with no other means of recreation ihan that which Mr. Wedg- 
wood's Dictionary of Etymology could afford him. He would read it through from cover to cover 
at a sitting, and only regret that he had not the second volume to begin upon forthwith. It is a 
very able book, of great research, full of delightful surprises, a repertory of the fairy tales of 
linguistic science." — Spectator. 

Wekey. — A Grammar of the Hungarian Language, with appro- 
priate exercises, a copious vocabulary, and specimens of Hungarian poetry. By 
Sigismund Wekey, late Aide-de-Camp to Kossuth. 12mo. sewed, pp. viii. and 
150. 1852. 45. 6d. 

"Weller. — An Improved Dictionary; English, and French, and 

French and English, drawn from the best Sources extant in both Languages ; 
in which are now first introduced many Technical, Scientific, Legal, Commer- 
cial, Naval, and Military Terms ; and to which are added, Separate Vocabularies 
of Engineering and Eailway Terms ; of those descriptive of Steam Power and 
Steam Navigation ; of Geographical Names, and those of Ancient Mythology, 
and of Persons of Classical Antiquity ; and of Christian Names in present use ; 
together with an English Pronouncing Dictionary for the use of Foreigners. By 
Edward Weller, late Professor of the Athenaeum and Episcopal College of Bruges. 
Eoyal 8vo. cloth, pp. 384 and 340. 1864. 7s. 6d. 

What is Truth? Post 8vo. pp. 124, cloth. 1854. 35. 

Wheeler. — The History of India. By J. Talboys Wheeler, 
Assistant Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department, 
Secretary to the Indian Eecord Commission, Author of " The Geography of 
Herodotus," etc. Yol. I. containing the Yedic Period and the Maha Bharata. 
With a Map of Ancient India to illustrate the Maha Bharata. 8vo. cloth, 
pp. lxxv. and 576. 1867. 18s. 

The Second Yolume containing the Bamayana in the Press. 

Wheeler. — Historical Sketches of North Carolina, from 1584 

to 1851. Compiled from original records, official documents, and traditional 
statements. With biographical sketches of her distinguished statesmen, jurists, 
lawyers, soldiers, divines, etc. By John H. Wheeler. Illustrated with en- 
gravings. Yol. I., 8vo. cloth, pp. xxii. and 480. 1851. 15s. 

Whildin. — Memoranda of the Strength of Materials used in 
Engineering Construction. Compiled and edited by J. K. Whildin, Civil 
Engineer. Second Edition. 8vo. cloth, pp. 62. 1867. 8s. 

Whipple. — Literature and Life. Lectures by E. P. Whipple, 
Author of " Essays and Beviews." 8vo. sewed, pp. 114. 1851. Is. 

Whipple. — Character and Characteristic Men. By Edwin P. 
Whipple. 12mo. cloth, pp. 324. 1866. 9s. 



100 Publications of Trubner fy Co. 

WMtney. — Language and the Study of Language. A Course of 
Lectures on the Principles of Linguistic Science. By William D wight Whitney, 
Professor of Sanskrit in Yale College, New Haven, U.S.A. Crown 8vo. cloth, 
pp. 500. 1868. 10s. 6d. 

Whittier.— Snow Bound. A Winter Idyl. By John Greenleaf 
Whittier. 12mo. cloth, pp. 52. 1866. 6s. 

"WTlittier. — The Poetical Works of John Greenleae Whittier, 
Complete in 2 vols. With a Portrait. Blue and Gold Series. 24mo. cloth, 
gilt edges, pp. viii., 395 ; vi. 420. 1865. 10s. 

WMttier.— Maud Muller, By John G. Whittier. With Illustra- 
tions, by W. J. ICennessy. Small 4to. extra cloth, with gilt edges ; 16 leaves, 
printed on one side only, 1866. 12s. 

Whittier. — The Tent on the Beach, and other Poems. By John 
Greenleaf Whittier. Post 8vo. cloth, pp. vi. and 172. 1867. 6s. 

Whittier. — The Prose Works of John Greenleae Whittier. 
2 vols., crown 8vo. cloth, pp. viii., 473; viii., 395. 1866. £1 Is. 

Whitty. — The Governing Classes oe Great Britain. Political 
Portraits. By Edward M. Whitty. 12mo. hoards, pp. vi. and 288. With 
Lord Stanley's Portrait. 1859. 3s. 6d. 

Who am I? By the Author of " Warning." 1 vol., 8vo. 
cloth. 4s. 

Wikoff. — A New Yorker in the Foreign Oeeice, and his 
Adventures in Paris. By Henry Wikoff. 12mo. cloth, pp. 299. 1858. 6s. 

Williams. — First Lessons in the Maori Language, with a 
short Vocabulary. By W. L. Williams, B.A. Square 8vo. cloth, pp. 80. 
1862. 3s. 6d. 

Williams. — A Dictionary, English and Sanscrit. By Monier 
Williams, M.A. Published under the pationage of the Honourable East India 
Company. 4to. cloth, pp. xii. and 862. 1855. £3 3s. 

Williams. — Lexicon Gornu-Britannictjm. A Dictionary of the 
Ancient Celtic Language of Cornwall, in which the words are elucidated by 
copious examples from the Cornish works now remaining, with translations in 
English. The synonyms are also given in the cognate dialects of Welsh, 
Armoric, Irish, Gaelic, and Manx, showing at one view the connection between 
them. By the Eev. Robert Williams, M.A., Christ Church, Oxford, Parish 
Curate of Llangadwaladr and Rhydycroesan, Denbighshire. Sewed. 3 parts, 
pp. 400. 1865. £2 5s. 

Williams. — The Middle Kingdom. A Survey of the Geography, 

Government, Education, Social Life, Arts, Religion, etc., of the Chinese Empire 
and its inhabitants. With a new Map of the Empire. By S. Wells Williams, 
Author of " Easy Lessons in Chinese," " English and Chinese Vocabulary," 
" Tonic Dictionary of the Chinese Language." With Portraits, Wood-cuts, and 
Maps. 2 vols. 8vo., pp. viii. 614, xxii. and 590. 1861. £1 Is. 

Willis. — On the Special Function oe the Sudoriparous and 
Lymphatic Systems, their Vital Import, and their bearing on Health 
and Disease. By Eohert Willis, M.D. 8vo. cloth, pp. viii. and 72. 1867. 
4s. 6d. 



Publications of Trilbner §• Co. 101 

Wilson. — A Brief Examination of Prevalent Opinions on the 
Inspiration of the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments. By a 
Lay Member of the Church of England. "With an introduction, by Henry 
Bristow Wilson, B.D., Vicar of Great Staughton, Hunts. 8vo. cloth, pp. lxi. 
and 254. 1861. 85. 6d. 

Wilson. — The Holy Bible. By the Rev. Thomas "Wilson. (See 
under Bible.) 

Wilson. — Select Specimens of the Theatre of the Hindus. 
Translated from the Original Sanskrit. By Horace Hayman Wilson, M.A., 
F.K.S. Second Edition. 2 vols., 8vo. cloth, pp. lxx. and 384, 415. 15s. 
Contents. — Vol. I. — Preface— Treatise on the Dramatic System of the Hindus — Dramas trans- 
lated from the Original Sanskrit— The Mrichchakati, or the Toy Cart — Vikrama and Urvasi, or 
the Hero and the Nymph— Uttara Rama* Cheritra, or continuation of the History of Rama\ Vol. II. 
— Dramas translated from the Original Sanskrit— Malawi and MaMhava, or the Stolen Marriage — 
Mudra* Rakshasa, or the Signet of the Minister— Retnavali, or the Necklace — Appendix, containing 
short accounts of different Dramas. 

Wilson. — The Present State of the Cultivation of Oriental 
Literature. A Lecture delivered at the Meeting of the Royal Asiatic Society. 
By the Director, Professor H. H. Wilson. 8vo. sewed, pp. 26. 1852. 6d. 

Wilson. — Works of the late Horace Hayman Wilson, M.A., 
F.R.S., Member of the Royal Asiatic Societies of Calcutta and Paris, and of the 
Oriental Society of Germany, etc., and Boden Professor of Sanskrit in the Uni- 
versity of Oxford. Vols. I. and II. Also, under this title, " Essays and 
Lectures " chiefly on the Religion of the Hindus, by the late H. H. Wilson, 
M.A., F.R.S., etc. Collected and edited by Dr. Reinhold Rost. 2 vols., 8vo. 
cloth, pp. xiii. 399, vi. and 416. 1861-62. £1 Is. 

Wilson. — Works of the late Horace Hayman Wilson, M.A., 
F.R.S., Member of the Royal Asiatic Societies of Calcutta and Paris, and of the 
Oriental Society of Germany, etc., and Boden Professor of Sanskrit in the Uni- 
versity of Oxford. Vols. III., IV. and V. Also, under the title of " Essays 
Analytical, Critical, and Philological," on subjects connected with Sanskrit 
Literature. Collected and edited by Reinhold Rost. 3 vols., 8vo. cloth, pp. 408, 
406, and 390. 1864-65. £1 16s. 

Wilson. — Works of the late Horace Hayman Wilson. Vols. VI. 

VII. and VIII. Also, under the title of the Vishnu Purana, a system of Hindu 
mythology and tradition. Translated from the original Sanskrit, and Illustrated 
by Notes derived chiefly from other Puranas. By the late H. H. Wilson, Boden 
Professor of Sanskrit in the University of Oxford, etc., etc. Edited by Fitz- 
edward Hall, M.A., D.C.L., Oxon. Vols. I. to III. 8vo. cloth, pp. cxl. and 
200, 344, and 344. 1864-66. £1 lis. 6d. [Vols. IV. and V. in the press. 

Wilson. — Catholicity Spiritual and Intellectual. An attempt 
at vindicating the Harmony of Faith and Knowledge. A series of Discourses. 
By Thomas Wilson, M.A., late Minister of St. Peter's Mancroft, Norwich, 
Author of " Travels in Egypt," etc. 8vo. cloth, pp. 232. 1850. 5s. 

Wilson. — The Village Pearl. A Domestic Poem. With Miscel- 
laneous Pieces. By John Crauford Wilson. 12mo. cloth, pp. viii. and 140. 
1852. 35. 6d. 

Wilson. — The Water-cure, its Principles and Practice. A 
Guide in the Preservation of Health and Cure of Chronic Disease. With illus- 
trative cases. By James Wilson, M.D. Fifth Edition. 8vo. sewed, pp. 725. 
1859. 35. 6d. 



102 Publications of Trubner §• Co. 

"Wilson. — Phrasis : a Treatise on the History and Structure of 

the^ different Languages of the World, with a comparative view of the Forms of 
their "Words and the Style of their Expressions. By J. Wilson, A.M. 8vo. cloth, 
pp. viii. and 384. 1864. 16s. 

Winckelmann. — The History of Ancient Art among the Greeks. 
By John Winckelmann. From the German, by G-. H. Lodge. Beautifully 
Illustrated. 8vo. cloth, pp. viii. and 254. 1850. 12s. 

Winer. — Grammar of the Chaldee Language, as contained in the 
Bible and Targums. By Dr. G. B. Winer. Translated by H. B. Hackett. 8vo. 
' boards, pp. 152. 1845. 3s. 6d. 

Winslow. — A Comprehensive Tamil and English Dictionary of 
High and Low Tamil. By the Bev. Miron Win slow, D.D., American 
Missionary, Madras, assisted by competent Native Scholars : in part from 
Manuscript materials of the late Bev. Joseph Knight and others. 4to. boards, 
pp. xiv. and 976. 1862. £3 13s. 6d. 

Winthrop. — Life and Letters of John Winthrop, Governor of 
the Massachusetts' Bay Company at their emigration to New England, 1630. 
By Bobert C. Winthrop. Two Portraits ; Plate of Groton Church, Suffolk ; and 
facsimile Autographs. 8vo. cloth, pp. xii. and 452. 1864. 14s. 

Winthrop. — Life and Letters of John Winthrop. Vol. II. from 

his Embarkation for New England, in 1630, with the Charter and Company of 
Massachusetts' Bay to his Death, in 1649. By Bobert C. Winthrop. Portrait. 
8vo. cloth, pp. xv. and 483. 1867. 14s. 

Winter Journey from Gloucester to Norway. 18mo. sewed, 
* pp. 100. With a Map. 1867. Is. 6d. 

Wise. — Captain Brand, of the " Centipede;" a Pirate of Eminence 
in the West Indies : his Loves and Exploits, together with some Account of the 
Singular Manner in which he departed this Life. By Lieut. H. A. Wise, U.S.N. 
12mo. fancy covtr, pp. 304. 1860. 2s. 6d. 

Wise. — Commen. ^ on the Hindu System of Medicine. By 
T. A. Wise, M.D.v Bengal Medical Service. 8vo. cloth, pp. xx. and 432. 1845. 

7s. 6d. 

Witt.— An Effectual and Simple Remedy for Scarlet Fever 
and Measles. With an Appendix of Cases. By Charles Witt. Fourth 
Edition. 8vo. sewed, pp. 32. 1865. Is. 

Wolfram. — The German Echo. A Faithful Mirror of German 

Every-day Conversation. By Ludwig Wolfram. With a Yocahulary, by Henry 
Skelton. Third Edition. 12mo. cloth, pp. 69. 1864. 3s. 

Worcester. — A Pronouncing, Explanatory, and * Synonymous 
Dictionary of the English Language. By Joseph E. Worcester, LL.D. 
New Edition. 8vo. cloth, pp. 565. 1864. 7s. 6d. 

Worthen. — A- Cyclopaedia oe Drawing, designed as a Text-Book 

for the Mechanic, Architect, Engineer, and Surveyor, comprising Geometrical 
Projection, Mechanical, Architectural, and Topographical Drawing, Perspective, 
and Isometry. Edited by W. E. Worthen. Boyal 8vo. cloth, pp. 410. 1864. 
£1 5s. 
Wylie. — Notes on Chinese Literatue ; with introductory Remarks 
on the Progressive Advancement of the Art ; and a list. of translations from the 
Chinese into various European Languages. By A. Wylie, Agent of the British 
and Foreign Bible Society in China. 4to. cloth, pp. 296. 1868. £1 10s. 



Publications of Trubner <Sf Co. 103 

XeilOS. — East and West ; a Diplomatic History of the Annexation 
of the Ionian Islands to the Kingdom of Greece. Accompanied by a Translation 
of the Despatches exchanged between the Greek Government and its Plenipo- 
tentiary at London, and a Collection of the Principal Treaties, Conventions, and 
Protocols concerning the Ionian Islands and Greece, concluded between 1797 
and 1864. By Stefanos Xenos. Royal 8vo. cloth, pp. iv. and 304. 1865. 125. 

Yates. — A Bengali Grammar. By the late Eev. W. Yates, D.D., 
Reprinted, with improvements, from his Introduction to the Bengali Language. 
Edited by I. "Wenger. Fcap. 8vo., boards, pp. iv. and 150. 1864. 3s. M. 

Tates. — The Elements of the Science of Grammar, put forward 
and explained in a totally different manner from what they have ever before 
been, and based on rigid definitions, incontrovertible axioms, and general prin- 
ciples, illustrated by a comparison of the structure of the English and Turkish 
languages, so as to be at once an introduction to the science of grammar, for all 
who wish to learn that science, and a complete Turkish grammar for the student 
of that language. By Edward Yates, B.A., Barrister-at-Law. Most kindly 
and valuably assisted by Captains Mahmood and Hussein, of the Imperial Guard 
of the Sultan, and by Hiry Bey. 12mo. cloth, pp. ii. and 226. 1857. 5s. 

Tates. — Descriptive Catalogue of a Collection of Current 
Coins of all Countries, in the International Exhibition. Class 13, North 
Gallery. By James Yates, M.A., F.R.S. 12mo. sewed, pp. 69. 1862. 6d. 

Zeller. — Strauss and Kenan. An Essay by E. Zeller. Translated 
from the German, with Introductory Remarks by the Translator. Post 8vo. 
cloth, pp. 110. 1866. 2s. 6d. 



MAGAZINES. 

Anthropological Eeyiew (The). Published Quarterly, at 4s. each 
each number. 

Chess "World (The). Published monthly, at Is. cch number. 

Englishwoman's Eeyiew (The). Published quarterly, at Is. each 
number. 

Geological Magazine (The). Published monthly, at Is. 6d. each 

number. 

Journal of the Eoyal Asiatic Society of Great Britain 
and Ireland (The). Published twice a year. 

Orthodox Catholic Eeyiew (The). Published monthly, at 6d. 
each number. 

Triihner's American - and Oriental Literary Eecord. Published 
monthly, at M. each number. 

"Westminster Eeview (The). Published quarterly, at 6s. each 
number. 



A LIST of the PUBLICATIONS of TRUBNER & CO., in the RUSSIAN 
LANGUAGE, may he had on Application. 



LONDON I 
PRINTED BY WERTHEIMER, LEA AND CO. 
FINSBDRT CIRCUS. 



